Overview
Interesting Facts
Description
Family Liliaceae
Herbs perennial
, with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled
, parallel or rarely reticulate
veined. Inflorescence a raceme
, panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free
(tepals) or united
. Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted
opposite perianth segments; filaments
free or adnate
to perianth, rarely connate
into a corona
; anthers
usually 2-loculed, basifixed
or dorsifixed
and versatile, introrse
, latrorse
, or extrorse
, dehiscing usually by vertical
slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length
, rarely only at base
; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile
placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal
placenta; ovules usually anatropous
. Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.
About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate
and subtropical
regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced
) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.[1]
Genus Tulipa
Herbs, perennial
, scapose
or subscapose
, bulbose
; bulbs often stoloniferous
, tunicate
, papery
to coriaceous
; tunics variously hairy
or glabrous
adaxially. Leaves 2-6(-12), cauline, alternate, reduced distally; blade
linear
to oblong
, somewhat fleshy
. Inflorescences 1(-4) -flowered, bracts usually absent. Flowers: perianth campanulate
to cup-shaped; tepals caducous
, 6, distinct
, often blotched
near base
, petaloid
, ± equal; nectaries absent; stamens 6, distinct; filaments
shorter than tepals, basally dilated
; anthers
basifixed
, linear to narrowly elliptic
, introrse
; ovary superior, 3-locular; style very short or absent; stigma prominently 3-lobed. Fruits capsular
, ellipsoid
to subglobose, 3-angled, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds many, in 2 rows
per locule, flat. x
= 12.
Species ca.
150: introduced
; North America, temperate
Eurasia
(especially c, w Asia), n Africa, cultivated worldwide.
The common garden tulip (Tulipa gesneriana Linnaeus) and a number of other species (T. bakeri Hall, T. clusiana de Candolle, T. fosteriana Hoog ex
W. Irving, T. kaufmanniana Regel, T. tarda Stapf), as well as a vast array of complex
hybrid cultivars, are commonly planted for their spring
flowers. Over 3500 names
applied to tulips are currently listed (J. van Scheepen 1996) . While some of these species or cultivars may persist for a short time, they rarely become truly naturalized
in the flora
. Taxonomic
difficulties abound in Tulipa due to their long-established cultivation, hybridization, and selection.
Viral infection
of tulips results in odd, yet often attractive, colored
streaks in the flowers. In the early 1600s these variants
, called broken
tulips, became prized in the Netherlands, widely sought, and worth considerable money. The ensuing tulipomania lead
to widespread trading, speculation, and then, as with most similar fads
, a sudden market collapse
in 1637 (W. Blunt
1950; M.
Dash
1999; F. A. Stafleu 1963) .[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Liliales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Liliaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Lily Family
- Subfamily:
Lilioideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Lilioideae
(
- Family:
Liliaceae
(
- Order:
Liliales
(
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author
: K
.Perss. Publication
: New Plantsman 7(4): 200
(2000) 2000
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 09-Jul-2004
Similar Species
Members of the genus Tulipa
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 562 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
T. acuminata (Turkish Tulip) · T. bakeri 'Lilac Wonder' (Lilac Wonder Species Tulip Tulipa Bakeri) · T. batalinii (Batalin Tulip) · T. batalinii 'Apricot Jewel' (Batalin Botanical Tulip) · T. batalinii 'Bright Gem' (Batalin Botanical Tulip) · T. batalinii 'Bronze Charm' (Batalin Botanical Tulip) · T. batalinii 'Red Gem' (Batalin Botanical Tulip) · T. batalinii 'Red Hunter' (Batalin Botanical Tulip) · T. biflora (Miniature Tulip) · T. celsiana (Cels Tulip) · T. clusiana (Lady Tulip) · T. clusiana var. chrysantha (Candlestick Tulip) · T. clusiana var. chrysantha 'Tubergen's Gem' (Lady Tulip) · T. clusiana 'Cynthia' (Lady Tulip) · T. clusiana 'Lady Jane' (Lady Tulip) · T. clusiana 'Peppermint Stick' (Lady Tulip) · T. clusiana 'Tinka' (Lady Tulip) · T. cretica (Cretan Tulip) · T. elegans 'Alba' (Tulip) · T. ferganica (Species Tulip) · T. gesneriana (Didier's Tulip) · T. gesneriana 'Alba' (Didiers Tulip) · T. greigii (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii Regel 'Plaisir' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Ali Baba' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Annie Salomons' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Atje Keulen' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Authority' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Calypso' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Cape Cod' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Casa Grande' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Chopin' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Compostella' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Corsage' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Donna Bella' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Flowerdale' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Fur Elise' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'March of Time' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Oratorio' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Peacock' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Pinocchio' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Red Riding Hood' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Rosanna' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Royal Splendour' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Toronto' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'Tsar Peter' (Greigii Tulip) · T. greigii 'United States' (Greigii Tulip) · T. hageri 'Splendens' (Species Tulip) · T. humilis var. pulchella (Species Tulip Albocaerulea Oculata Group) · T. humilis var. violacea (Crocus Tulip) · T. humilis var. violacea 'Black Base' (Crocus Tulip) · T. humilis 'Eastern Star' (Crocus Tulip) · T. humilis 'Helene' (Tulipa 'helene') · T. humilis 'Odalisque' (Crocus Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Showwinner' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Ancilla' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Corona' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Early Harvest' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Fashion' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Gaiety' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Giuseppe Verdi' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Heart's Delight' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Johann Strauss' (Waterliliy Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Love Song' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Monsella' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Scarlet Baby' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Shakespeare' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kaufmanniana 'Stresa' (Waterlily Tulip) · T. kolpakowskiana (Kolpakowskis Tulip) · T. kolpakowskiana 'Kolpa's Gem' (Kolpakowskis Tulip) · T. linifolia (Slimleaf Tulip) · T. marjolletii (Species Tulip) · T. maximowiczii (Species Tulip) · T. orphanidea var. flava (Wild Tulip) · T. praestans 'Fuselier' (Species Tulip) · T. praestans 'Unicum' (Species Tulip) · T. pulchella var. violacea 'Persian Pearl' (Crocus Tulip) · T. saxatilis (Species Tulip) · T. sogdiana (Species Tulip) · T. sprengeri (Species Tulip) · T. sylvestris (Florentine Tulip) · T. tarda (Tarda Tulip) · T. turkestanica (Species Tulip) · T. urumiensis (Species Tulip) · T. vvedenskyi (Vvedenskys Tulip) · T. vvedenskyi 'Bernadette' (Tulip 'bernadette') · T. whittallii (Species Tulip) · T. wilsoniana (Mountain Tulip) · T. 'Aafke' (Single Early Tulip) · T. 'Abba' (Double Early Tulip) · T. 'Abbey Dream' (Lily Flowered Tulip) · T. 'Abbey Road' (Triumph Tulip) · T. 'Abbe Pierre' (Triumph Tulip) · T. 'Abigail' (Double Late Tulip) · T. 'Abra' (Triumph Tulip) · T. 'Abra Elite' (Triumph Tulip) · T. 'Absalon' (Rembrandt Tulip) · T. 'Abu Hassan' (Triumph Tulip) · T. 'Acapulco' (Darwin Hybrid Tulip)
More Info
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- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Wang Fa-tsuan & Tang Tsin, eds. 1978; 1980. Liliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 1--280; 14: 1--308.
- Botschantzeva, Z. P. 1982. Tulips: Taxonomy, Morphology, Cytology, Phytogeography and Physiology, transl. and ed. H. Q. Varekamp. Rotterdam.
- Hall, A. D. 1940. The Genus Tulipa. London. Pavord, A. 1999. The Tulip. New York, London, and Bloomsbury.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8430391
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-289455
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15580917
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1018105-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1018105-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1871188
Footnotes
- Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Tulipa". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 53, 57, 153, 199. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
