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Trollius micranthus

Interesting Facts

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Description

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Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Trollius

Herbs, perennial , from short caudices. Leaves basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate , distal leaves sessile or nearly so; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade deeply palmately divided into (3-) 5-7 segments, segments obovate , ± 3-lobed, margins coarsely toothed , often incised. Inflorescences terminal , 1-3[-7]-flowered open cymes or flowers solitary; peduncle 2-30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, (4-) 5-9[-30], white to orange-yellow [orange-red or purplish], ± plane [strongly concave and incurved ], elliptic , orbiculate, or obovate, sometimes short-clawed, 10-30 mm; petals 5-25, distinct , yellow or orange, plane with cupped base of blade, linear-oblong [ovate ], ± clawed, 2-10[-40] mm; nectary within pocketlike base of blade; stamens 20-75; filaments filiform ; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-28[-50], simple ; ovules 4-5(-9) per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, oblong , sides transversely veined; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds black or dark brown, faceted to angular, dull or lustrous . x =8.

Species ca. 30: north temperate and arctic regions, North America, Europe, Asia.

As many as 10 Eurasian species of Trollius have been cultivated in North America as ornamentals . Of these, only T. europaeus Linnaeus has been reported to escape . The species infrequently persists near old dwellings in New Brunswick (B .Boivin 1966; H.Hinds, pers. comm. ). Trollius europaeus may be distinguished from all North American species by its globose flowers with strongly incurved sepals (in North American species flowers are shallowly bowl-shaped with sepals ± spreading ).[2]

Taxonomy

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Similar Species

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Members of the genus Trollius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. chinensis (Chinese Globe Flower) · T. chinensis 'Golden Queen' (Golden Queen Chinese Globe Flower) · T. europaeus (European Globeflower) · T. europaeus europaeus (European Globeflower) · T. europaeus 'Superbus' (Superbus Globe Flower) · T. laxus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus albiflorus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus laxus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus var. albi-florus (Spreading Globeflower) · T. laxus subsp. albiflorus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus 'Albiflorus' (American Globeflower) · T. riederianus (Kamchatka Globeflower) · T. x cultorum (Garden Globeflower Trollius X Cultorum) · T. x cultorum 'Earliest of All' (Garden Globeflower) · T. x cultorum 'Prichard's Giant' (Prichard's Giant Globeflower)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Bruce D. Parfitt "Trollius". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/24/2012