Trollius chinensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Trollius

Herbs, perennial , from short caudices. Leaves basal and cauline, proximal leaves petiolate , distal leaves sessile or nearly so; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade deeply palmately divided into (3-) 5-7 segments, segments obovate , ± 3-lobed, margins coarsely toothed , often incised. Inflorescences terminal , 1-3[-7]-flowered open cymes or flowers solitary; peduncle 2-30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, (4-) 5-9[-30], white to orange-yellow [orange-red or purplish], ± plane [strongly concave and incurved ], elliptic , orbiculate, or obovate, sometimes short-clawed, 10-30 mm; petals 5-25, distinct , yellow or orange, plane with cupped base of blade, linear-oblong [ovate ], ± clawed, 2-10[-40] mm; nectary within pocketlike base of blade; stamens 20-75; filaments filiform ; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 5-28[-50], simple ; ovules 4-5(-9) per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, oblong , sides transversely veined; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds black or dark brown, faceted to angular, dull or lustrous . x =8.

Species ca. 30: north temperate and arctic regions, North America, Europe, Asia.

As many as 10 Eurasian species of Trollius have been cultivated in North America as ornamentals . Of these, only T. europaeus Linnaeus has been reported to escape . The species infrequently persists near old dwellings in New Brunswick (B .Boivin 1966; H.Hinds, pers. comm. ). Trollius europaeus may be distinguished from all North American species by its globose flowers with strongly incurved sepals (in North American species flowers are shallowly bowl-shaped with sepals ± spreading ).[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Trollius Asiaticus Chinensis • Trollius Chinensis

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Trollius

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. chinensis (Chinese Globe Flower) · T. chinensis 'Golden Queen' (Golden Queen Chinese Globe Flower) · T. europaeus (European Globeflower) · T. europaeus europaeus (European Globeflower) · T. europaeus 'Superbus' (Superbus Globe Flower) · T. laxus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus albiflorus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus laxus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus var. albi-florus (Spreading Globeflower) · T. laxus subsp. albiflorus (American Globeflower) · T. laxus 'Albiflorus' (American Globeflower) · T. riederianus (Kamchatka Globeflower) · T. x cultorum (Garden Globeflower Trollius X Cultorum) · T. x cultorum 'Earliest of All' (Garden Globeflower) · T. x cultorum 'Prichard's Giant' (Prichard's Giant Globeflower)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url fig. 222, p. 447.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1908 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 101, p. 11, p. 197, p. 404, p. 418.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 35.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 184.
• The Cottage gardener. [London: W.S. Orr, url .
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 406.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , p. 37.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , p. 117, p. 18, p. 727.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 23 1886-88 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 17.
• The natural history of plants. By H. Baillon. Tr. by Marcus M. Hartog. London, L. Reeve & co., 1871-88. url p. 21.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 3387.
• Doroszewska, A. 1974. The genus Trollius L., a taxonomical study. Monogr. Bot. 41: 1-167, plates 1-16.

Notes

Contributors

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 01, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 01, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8562743
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15814091
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:715085-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 898654

Footnotes

1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Bruce D. Parfitt "Trollius". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.