Trichomanes collariatum

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Hymenophyllaceae

Plants epiphytic, terrestrial , or on rock. Stems long-creeping, often threadlike and intertwining, or short-erect, protostelic, bearing brown hairs of 1--2 types. Roots sparse or absent. Leaves small, 0.5--20 × 0.2--5 cm, often forming dense mats. Petiole short, threadlike to wiry, often winged part or entire length . Blade ovate or oblong to lanceolate, simple to decompound , usually 1 cell thick between veins (except Trichomanes membranaceum Linnaeus), entire or dentate ; scales or simple and/or stellate hairs often borne on veins or leaf margins . Veins free and divergent, occasionally present as unattached "false" veins. Sori marginal on vein ends, enclosed by 2-valved or conic involucres. Sporangia borne on moundlike receptacle or on elongate "bristle," sessile or short-stalked; annulus oblique . Spores green, globose , trilete. Gametophytes filamentous or ribbonlike or a combination of both, much branched, 0.2--1 cm, often bearing gemmae, persistent , clone-forming by vegetative reproduction.

Genera 6, species ca. 650 (2 genera, 11 species in the flora ) : worldwide in wet tropics and subtropics, a few in temperate latitudes .

Species outside the flora display a wide range of morphologies and habits, and many are somewhat larger than North American species.

Some authors divide the Hymenophyllaceae into 30 or more genera. The subdivisions of these genera are treated here as subgenera and sections , following C. V. Morton (1968) .

Although plants of the Hymenophyllaceae clearly have the capacity to withstand periodic desiccation and freezing, they have a delicate nature that requires they grow in deeply sheltered habitats of nearly continuous high moisture and humidity. This undoubtedly accounts for the relative rarity of all species in the flora. Possibly they are currently restricted from more widespread pre-Pleistocene occurrences. All owe their continuing existence largely or entirely to vegetative propagation by either the sporophyte or gametophyte generation. The capacity for vegetative reproduction and dispersal by gametophytes of the Hymenophyllaceae allows gametophyte colonies to persist indefinitely without completing a life cycle. In the flora, several species are maintained exclusively as gametophytes with sporophytes rarely or never produced .

.[1]

Genus Trichomanes

Plants epiphytic or on rock. Stems long-creeping or short and erect , clothed in masses of dark brown hairs of 2 or more types, including multicellular gland-tipped hairs and elongate , sometimes branched and often multicellular, rhizoidlike hairs. Roots sparse or absent on creeping stems, numerous and wiry on erect stems. Leaves entire, lobed , or compound , 0.5--20 × 0.2--5 cm. Petiole short, wiry, often partially or wholly winged . Blade glabrous or with scattered , multicellular, gland-tipped hairs on veins; margins entire or minutely lobed, sometimes bearing dark stellate hairs (or orbicular scales , Trichomanes membranaceum ). Soral involucres conic. Sporangia sessile, formed at base of exserted bristle and carried outward by intercalary growth of bristle base. Gametophytes persistent , entirely filamentous or with proximal filamentous net producing aerial blades with gemmiferous apices. Gametophyte gemmae uniseriate .

Species ca. 320: nearly worldwide, mostly tropical , a few temperate .

Trichomanes occurs primarily in tropical lowland and montane rainforests, a few species occurring in continuously moist, deeply sheltered habitats in temperate latitudes. Species outside the flora display a wide range of morphologies and habits. Some are terrestrial , some attain considerably larger size, and some have dimorphic fertile and sterile leaves.

Filamentous gametophytes of Trichomanes can be distinguished from algae and from moss protonemata by their short cells with numerous discoid chloroplasts, by the presence of short, brown, unicellular rhizoids, and by their production of specialized gemmifer cells and gemmae.[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Bosch Publication : Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4. 368. 1859 1859

Similar Species

Members of the genus Trichomanes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 39 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. alatum (Winged Bristle Fern) · T. angustifrons (Royal Bristle Fern) · T. bauerianum (Bauer's Bristle Fern) · T. boschianum (Appalachian Bristle Fern) · T. capillaceum (Treetrunk Bristle Fern) · T. crispum (Crisped Bristle Fern) · T. cyrtotheca (Elegant Bristle Fern) · T. davallioides (Eastern Gamagrass) · T. draytonianum (Hawai'i Bristle Fern) · T. holopterum (Entire-Wing Brittle Fern) · T. hookeri (Hooker's Bristle Fern) · T. hymenoides (Parchment Bristle Fern) · T. hymenophylloides (Thinleaf Bristle Fern) · T. intricatum (Weft Fern) · T. kapplerianum (Kappler's Bristle Fern) · T. krausii (Kraus Bristle Fern) · T. lineolatum (Lined Bristle Fern) · T. membranaceum (Scale Edge Bristle Fern) · T. minutum (Tiny Bristle Fern) · T. ovale (Eggleaf Bristle Fern) · T. padronii (Padron's Bristle Fern) · T. petersii (Dwarf Bristle Fern) · T. pinnatum (Tansy Bristle Fern) · T. polypodioides (Jeweled Bristle Fern) · T. punctatum (Dotted Bristle Fern) · T. punctatum floridanum (Dotted Bristle Fern) · T. punctatum sphenoides (Dotted Bristle Fern) · T. punctatum subsp. floridanum (Dotted Bristle Fern) · T. punctatum subsp. sphenoides (Dotted Bristle Fern) · T. pusillum (Sidesaddle Bristle Fern) · T. radicans (Aerialroot Bristle Fern) · T. reniforme (Kidney Fern) · T. rigidum (Stiff Bristle Fern) · T. robustum (Robust Bristle Fern) · T. sarawakense (Redrump Blenny) · T. scandens (Climbing Bristle Fern) · T. schlecteri (Redeye Wrasse) · T. speciosum (Killarney Fern) · T. trichomanes (Maidenhair Spleenwort)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. London: The Natural History Museum, c1993-2002. url p. 86.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 38 1974 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 182, p. 271.
• Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala / Robert G. Stolze. 39 1976 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1976- url list of illustrations , fig. 13 , p. 75, p. 76, p. VII.
• Pteridophyta of Peru. Rolla M. Tryon, Robert G. Stolze. 20 1989 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1989. url p. 78, p. 81, p. 82.
• Farrar, D. R. 1967. Gametophytes of four tropical fern genera reproducing independently of their sporophytes in the southern Appalachians. Science 155: 1266--1267.
• Farrar, D. R. 1985. Independent fern gametophytes in the wild. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, B 86: 361--369.
• Morton, C. V. 1968. The genera, subgenera, and sections of the Hymenophyllaceae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 153--214.
• Stokey, A. G. 1940. Spore germination and vegetative stages of the gametophytes of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes. Bot. Gaz. 101: 759--790
• Farrar, D. R., J. C. Parks, and B. W. McAlpin. 1982. The fern genera Vittaria and Trichomanes in the northeastern United States. Rhodora 85: 83--92.
• Wessels Boer, J. G. 1962. The New World species of Trichomanes sect. Didymoglossum and Microgonium. Acta Bot. Neerl. 11: 277--330.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 01, 2007:

• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3413542
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15519974
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17228460-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17228460
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1101765

Footnotes

1. Donald R. Farrar "Hymenophyllaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Donald R. Farrar "Trichomanes". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.