Tragopogon porrifolius
(Common Salsify, Goatsbeard, Purple Salsify, Salsify, Vegetable Oyster Plant, Wild Quinine)Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Vegetable Oyster Plant, we have 160 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Vegetable Oyster Plant is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=4.221, p<0.001)
- How do observation rates of the Vegetable Oyster Plant differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Vegetable Oyster Plant each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Vegetable Oyster Plant are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.18), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Vegetable Oyster Plant may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 8.79, p<.05)
- The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Vegetable Oyster Plant.
Uses as Product: Berry/Nut/Seed Product: No • Christmas Tree Product: No • Fodder Product: No • Fuelwood Product: None • Lumber Product: No • Naval Store Product: No • Nursery Stock Product: No • Post Product: No • Pulpwood Product: No • Veneer Product: No
Edibility: Palatable Human: Yes • Toxicity: None
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Order: Asterales
- Family: Noctuoidea
- Subfamily: Caryophylloideae
- Tribe: Sileneae
- Genus: Tragopogon
(tra-go-POH-gon)
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 789. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 346. 1754. - [Greek tragos, goat, and pogon, beard; probably alluding to pappi]
- Specific epithet: porrifolius L.
- Botanical name: Tragopogon porrifolius L.
- Specific epithet: porrifolius L.
- Genus: Tragopogon
(tra-go-POH-gon)
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 789. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 346. 1754. - [Greek tragos, goat, and pogon, beard; probably alluding to pappi]
- Tribe: Sileneae
- Subfamily: Caryophylloideae
- Family: Noctuoidea
- Order: Asterales
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
Notes:
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:789. 1753
Name verified on 20-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 31-Dec-2001
Physical Description
Genus Tragopogon:
Biennials (sometimes winter annuals) [perennials], (15-) 50-150 cm; taprooted. Stems 1(-5), erect, usually branched proximally, glabrous or tomentulose to floccose [lanate], often glabrescent. Leaves basal and cauline; sessile; blades linear to lance-linear or lance-attenuate (grasslike) [lanceolate to oblong], (bases clasping) margins entire (faces glabrous or tomentulose to floccose [lanate], often glabrescent). Heads borne singly (terminal). Peduncles often inflated distally (not in T. pratensis), ebracteate. Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate [cylindric] (at flowering), mostly 10-20+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually [5-7] 8-12 [13-16] in 1 series, linear-lanceolate, triangular-lanceolate [oblong-lanceolate], linear, ± equal, margins white, narrowly pellucid, apices acute (faces glabrous [with intertwining hairs]). Receptacles convex, smooth, glabrous, epaleate. Florets (30-) 50-180+; corollas yellow or purple (proximally yellow, distally purple in T. mirus) (± deliquescent). Cypselae dark to pale brown, stramineous, whitish, bodies ± fusiform to cylindric, usually beaked, beaks concolorous with, or paler than bodies, abrupt to gradually tapered, 5-10-ribbed (ribs usually muricate, prickly, or scaly), faces usually glabrous, sometimes scaley or muricate; pappi (usually borne on discs at tips of beaks) persistent, of 12-20+, brownish to whitish, basally connate, ± plumose, subequal to unequal awns or subulate scales, in 1 series (lateral barbs or setulae often ± intertwined). x = 6.
Species 100-150 (5, including 2 amphidipl: introduced; Eurasia, n Africa; introduced in Australia.
Tragopogon is weedy in North America. Allotetraploids T. mirus and T. miscellus are native to the United States. The heads of tragopogons usually open early mornings and close by midday.[1]
Habit: Forb/herb • Growth Form: Single Crown • Shape and Orientation: Erect
Flowers: Bloom Period: Mid Spring • Flower Color: Purple • Flower Conspicuous: Yes
Seeds: Seed per Pound: 29702 • Seed Spread Rate: Moderate • Seedling Vigor: High • Fruit/Seed Abundance: High • Fruit/Seed Color: Brown • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: Yes • Cold Stratification Required: No
Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Foliage Porosity Summer: Porous • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Coarse • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: No
Images:
Distribution
Range and Population
North America
Native: .
Reproduction
Duration: Biennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes • Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes
Growth
Culture: Space 12-15" apart.
Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: High • Minimum pH: 5.2 • Maximum pH: 7.8 • Fertility Requirement: Medium
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade. • Shade Tolerance: Intermediate
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 14 • Maximum Precipitation: 55 • Moisture Use: Medium
Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -28 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 110 • Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Tragopogon:
There are approximately 284 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: T. brevirostris longifolius · T. coloratus nachitschevanicus · T. coloratus serotinus · T. crocifolius samaritani · T. dubius desertorum · T. floccosus borysthenicus · T. orientalis leiocarpos · T. porrifolius cupani · T. porrifolius longirostris · T. pratensis grandiflorus · T. pratensis lamottei · T. pratensis leiocarpos · T. ruthenicus donetzicus · T. acanthocarpus · T. aculeatus · T. afghanicus · T. agrostiphyllus · T. alaicus · T. albinerve · T. albinervis · T. albo-marginatus · T. altaicus · T. ameniacus · T. angustifolium · T. angustifolius · T. angustissirnus · T. artemczukii · T. arvense · T. asper · T. aureus · T. australis · T. badachschanicus · T. badali · T. bakhtiaricus · T. balcanicum · T. balcanicus · T. barbirostris · T. baylei · T. bicolor · T. bjelorussicus · T. bornmuelleri · T. borysthenicus · T. brevifolius · T. brevirostris · T. brevirostris longifolius · T. buphtalmoides · T. buphthalmoides · T. calyculatus · T. campestris · T. canum · T. canus · T. capensis · T. capitatus · T. caricifolius · T. carinatus · T. castellanus · T. caucasicus · T. cazorlanum · T. charadzae · T. clavulatus · T. coelesyriacus · T. colchicus · T. collinus · T. coloratus · T. conduplicatus · T. crantzii (Crantz's Salsify) · T. cretaceus · T. croccifolius · T. crocifolium · T. crocifolius · T. crocifolius samaritani · T. cupani · T. cuspidatus · T. daghestanicus · T. dalechampii · T. dandelion · T. dasyrhynchus · T. dasyrhynchus var. daghestanicus · T. dolichocarpus · T. donetzicus · T. dshimilensis · T. duarius · T. dubius (Common Salsify) · T. dubius subsp. major · T. dubius var. decipiens · T. dubius var. major · T. elatior · T. elatus · T. elongatus · T. eriospermus · T. erostris · T. fibrosum · T. filifolius · T. flexuosus · T. floccosus (Woolly Goatsbeard) · T. fritillarioides · T. gaudanicus · T. geropogon · T. glaber · T. glabrum
Bibliography
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 20 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
- GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
- GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
- GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
- GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
- GBIF-Spain, JardÃn Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
- , Vascular Plant Herbarium
- GBIF-Spain, Universidad de AlmerÃa, HUAL
- Herbarium Hamburgense, Impetus - Herbarium Hamburgense
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
- , IPK Genebank
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38568
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13750731
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91314-3
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TRPO
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 65519
Footnotes:
- Pamela S. Soltis "Tragopogon". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 303, 304. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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