Tradescantia zanonia

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Commelinaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , sometimes woody at base . Stems with prominent nodes and internodes. Leaves alternate, distichous or spirally arranged , sessile or petiolate ; leaf sheath prominent, open or closed ; leaf blade simple , entire. Inflorescence usually of cincinni in panicles or solitary, sometimes shortened into heads , sometimes sessile with flowers fascicled, sometimes axillary and penetrating enveloping leaf sheath, rarely flowers solitary and terminal or axillary. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Sepals 3, free or connate only at base, often boat-shaped or carinate , sometimes galeate at apex. Petals (2 or) 3, free, sometimes connate and tubular at middle and free at 2 ends ( Cyanotis), sometimes clawed. Stamens 6, free, all or only 2 or 3 fertile ; filaments glabrous or torulose villous ; anthers parallel or slightly divergent, longitudinally dehiscent , rarely dehiscent by apical pores ; staminodes 1--3; antherodes 4-lobed and butterflylike, 3-sect, 2-lobed and dumbbell-shaped, or entire. Ovary 3-loculed, or reduced to 2-loculed; ovules 1 to several per locule, orthotropous . Fruit a loculicidal, 2- or 3-valved capsule, rarely baccate and indehiscent. Seeds few, large; endosperm copious ; hilum orbicular or linear .

About 40 genera and 650 species: mainly in tropical regions , fewer species in subtropical and temperate regions ; 15 genera (two introduced ) and 59 species (12 endemic, three introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Tradescantia

Herbs, perennial . Roots thin or tuberous . Leaves spirally arranged or 2-ranked; blade sessile or rarely petiolate [petiolate]. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary , pairs of cymes, cymes sessile, umbel-like, contracted , subtended by spathaceous bract; bract similar to leaves or differentiated, margins distinct ; bracteoles persistent . Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; pedicels very short or well developed; sepals distinct (basally connate in T. zebrina), subequal ; petals distinct (rarely connate basally), white to pink, blue, or violet, equal, rarely clawed; stamens 6, all fertile , equal; filaments bearded or glabrous ; ovary 3-locular, ovules (1--) 2 per locule, 1-seriate. Capsules 3-valved, 3-locular. Seeds 2 per locule (1 in T. spathacea) ; hilum oblong to linear ; embryotega abaxial to lateral . x = 6--8, probably others.

Species ca. 70: neotemperate and neotropical .

The species described by E. Anderson and R. E. Woodson Jr. (1935) are narrowly defined and typological. Nevertheless, they are recognizable entities even if some of them may prove eventually unworthy of specific rank. Where specific problems have been recognized, they are noted in the discussions at the end of the species.

Tradescantia species hybridize freely when growing together (E. Anderson and R. E. Woodson Jr. 1935). My observations in the field and garden tend to confirm this. The definite or probable hybrids are listed after the species. The list is almost certainly incomplete . The questionable records are based on uncertain determinations. The record of a possible hybrid between T. ohiensis and Callisia rosea (as Cuthbertia rosea), cited by Anderson and Woodson, is omitted: the specimens appear to be merely gracile plants of T. ohiensis. Some native species are occasionally cultivated, although most garden plants seem to be hybrids of T. virginiana and other species (E. Anderson 1952). They are usually sold as Tradescantia ´ andersoniana (an invalid name ) followed by a cultivar epithet .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Campelia zanonia (L.) Kunth • Commelina zanonia L.

Notes

Publishing author : Sw. Publication : Prodr. (Swartz) 57 1788 [20 Jun-29 Jul 1788]

Basionym author: (L.)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Tradescantia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 92 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. (Spider Lily 'sunshine Charm') · T. andersoniana (Anderson's Spiderwort) · T. bermudensis 'Variegata' (Boatlily) · T. bracteata (Bracted Spiderwort) · T. brevifolia (Transpecos Spiderwort) · T. buckleyi (Buckley's Spiderwort) · T. crassifolia (Leatherleaf Spiderwort) · T. crassula (Golden Spiderwort) · T. diffusa (Diffuse Spiderwort) · T. diuretica (Tradescantia) · T. edwardsiana (Plateau Spiderwort) · T. ernestiana (Ernest's Spiderwort) · T. fluminensis (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Albovittata' (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Aurea' (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Laekenensis Rainbow' (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Maiden's Blush' (Maiden's Blush Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Quicksilver' (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Tri-Color' (Inch Plant) · T. fluminensis 'Variegata' (Inch Plant) · T. gigantea (Giant Spiderwort) · T. hirsuticaulis (Hairystem Spiderwort) · T. hirsutiflora (Hairyflower Spiderwort) · T. humilis (Texas Spiderwort) · T. leiandra (Canyon Spiderwort) · T. leiandra var. glandulosa (Canyon Spiderwort) · T. leiandra var. leiandra (Canyon Spiderwort) · T. longipes (Long-Stalked Spiderwort) · T. navicularis (Chain Plant) · T. occidentalis (Prairie Spiderwort) · T. occidentalis var. melanthera (Prairie Spiderwort) · T. occidentalis var. occidentalis (Prairie Spiderwort) · T. occidentalis var. scopulorum (Prairie Spiderwort) · T. ohiensis (Bluejacket) · T. ohiensis 'Snowcap' (Bluejacket) · T. ozarkana (Ozark Spiderwort) · T. pallida (Purple Heart) · T. pallida 'Purewell Giant' (Purple Heart) · T. pallida 'Purple Heart' (Purple Heart) · T. paludosa (Confederate Spiderwort) · T. pedicellata (Edwards Plateau Spiderwort) · T. pinetorum (Pinewoods Spiderwort) · T. reverchonii (Reverchon Spiderwort) · T. roseolens (Longleaf Spiderwort) · T. sillamontana (Hairy Wandering Jew) · T. sillamontana 'Rose' (Rose Spiderwort) · T. spathacea (Boat Lily) · T. spathacea 'Bermudensis' (Rhoeo) · T. spathacea 'Variegated Dwarf' (Boatlily) · T. spathacea 'Vittata' (Boatlily) · T. subacaulis (Stemless Spiderwort) · T. subaspera (Zigzag Spiderwort) · T. subaspera var. montana (Zigzag Spiderwort) · T. subaspera var. subaspera (Zigzag Spiderwort) · T. tharpii (Tharp Spiderwort) · T. virginiana (Ladys Tears) · T. wrightii (Wright's Spiderwort) · T. wrightii var. glandulopubescens (Wright's Spiderwort) · T. wrightii var. wrightii (Wright's Spiderwort) · T. × andersoniana (Anderson's Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Purple Profusion' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Sweet Kate' (Golden Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Bilberry Ice' (Bilberry Ice Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana'Bluestone' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Blushing Bride' (Ladys Tears) · T. x andersoniana 'Hawaiian Punch' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Innocence' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Iris Pritchard' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'J. C. Weguelin' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Karminglut' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Leonora' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Osprey' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Pauline' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Purple Dome' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Red Cloud' (Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Red Grape' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Rubra' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Satin Doll' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Snow Cap' (Snow Cap Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Valour' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. x andersoniana 'Zwanenburg Blue' (Virginia Spiderwort) · T. zanonia (Cohitre Blanco) · T. zebrina (Inch Plant) · T. andersoniana (Anderson's Spiderwort) · T. 'Bilberry Ice' (Bilberry Ice Spiderwort) · T. 'Concord Grape' (Concord Grape Spiderwort) · T. 'Gold Mound' (Spider Lily 'gold Mound') · T. 'Little Doll' (Little Doll Spiderwort) · T. 'Perrine's Pink' (Perrine's Pink Spiderwort) · T. 'Pink Chablis' (Pink Chablis Spiderwort) · T. 'Purple Profusion' (Spiderwort) · T. 'Red Grape' (Red Grape Spiderwort)

More Info

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Further Reading

• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 336.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 514.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 514.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 50 2004 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 131, p. 155, p. 164, p. 165, p. 411, p. 43, p. 84.
• Hong Deyuan. 1997. Commelinaceae. In: Wu Kuo-fang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 13(3) : 69--133.
• Anderson, E. 1954. A field survey of chromosome numbers in the species of Tradescantia closely related to Tradescantia virginiana. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 41: 305--327.
• Anderson, E. and K. Sax. 1936. A cytological monograph of the American species of Tradescantia. Bot. Gaz. 97: 433--476.
• Anderson, E. and R. E. Woodson Jr. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Contr. Arnold Arbor. 9: 1--132.
• Hunt, D. R. 1980. Sections and series in Tradescantia. American Commelinaceae: IX. Kew Bull. 35: 437--442.
• MacRoberts, D. T. 1980. Notes on Tradescantia (Commelinaceae) V. Tradescantia of Louisiana. Bull. Mus. Life Sci. Louisiana State Univ. 4: 1--15.
• Sinclair, C. 1967. Studies on the Erect Tradescantias. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Missouri.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 30, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales
• SysTax, SysTax
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669636
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-270512
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13790592
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:173534-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 415318
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505555
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1191409-1
• MoBot NameID: 8300456
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TRZA
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 66424

Footnotes

1. Deyuan Hong & Robert A. DeFilipps "Commelinaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 19. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Rhoeo Hance, Setcreasea Schumann & Sydow, Zebrina Schnizlein "Tradescantia". in Flora of North America Vol. 22 Page 173. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 646.960 meters (2,122.572 feet), Standard Deviation = 821.770 based on 839 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.