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Trachelospermum asiaticum

(Japanese Star-Jasmine)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Ang Yo Asian Jasmine, Asian Jasmine, Asian Star Jasmine, Asiatic Jasmine, Japanese Star-Jasmine, Yellow Star Jasmine

Description

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Family Apocynaceae

Trees , shrubs , or vines , rarely subshrubs or herbs, with latex or rarely watery juice. Leaves simple , opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, pinnately veined; stipules absent or rarely present. Inflorescences cymose , terminal or axillary , with bracteoles. Flowers bisexual , 5- [or 4]-merous, actinomorphic . Calyx 5- or rarely 4-partite, quincuncial, basal glands usually present. Corolla 5- or rarely 4-lobed, salverform , funnelform , urceolate , or rarely rotate, lobes overlapping to right or left, rarely valvate . Stamens 5 or rarely 4; filaments short; anthers mostly sagittate , free or connivent into a cone adherent to pistil head , dehiscing longitudinally, base rounded , cordate, sagittate, or prolonged into an empty spur; pollen granular ; disc ringlike or cup-shaped, 2-5-lobed, or absent. Ovaries superior, rarely half-inferior, connate or distinct , 1- or 2-locular; ovules (1 or) 2-numerous per locule. Style 1; pistil head capitate, conical , or lampshade-shaped, base stigmatic, apex 2-cleft and not stigmatic . Fruit a berry, drupe, capsule, or follicle. Seeds with or without coma; endosperm thick and often horny , scanty, sometimes absent; embryo straight or nearly so, cotyledons often large, radicle terete .

About 155 genera and 2000 species distributed primarily in the tropics and subtropics, poorly represented in the temperate regions . Of the 44 genera and 145 species present in China, one genus and 38 species are endemic, and nearly 95% of the taxa grow in the southern and southwestern portions of the country.

Fruit type is highly diversified in the family , and it is diagnostic of many genera. Genera 1-4 produce 1, 2-celled berries from a flower; genus 5 produces 2, 1-celled berries from a flower; 6 and 7 produce mostly fleshy follicles containing deeply indented seeds with ruminate endosperm; 8 has follicles and winged seeds; 9 produces follicles and seeds with 2 comas; 10-12 have follicles with globose seeds; 13-18 have drupes mostly with fleshy mesocarp; 19 has samaroid fruit; 20 has spiny capsules with seeds winged all around; and 21-44 have free or fused follicles and comose seeds. Double flowers are known only from cultivated forms of Nerium oleander, Tabernaemontana divaricata, and Wrightia religiosa.

Plants of the Apocynaceae are often poisonous and are rich in alkaloids or glycosides, especially in the seeds and latex. Some species are valuable sources of medicine, insecticides , fibers, and rubber.[1]

Genus Trachelospermum

Lianas woody, latex white. Leaves opposite. Cymes lax , terminal , pseudoaxillary, or axillary . Flowers white or purplish, 5merous. Calyx small, deeply divided , basal glands 5-10, apex usually denticulate . Corolla salverform ; tube cylindric , 5-angled, dilated at staminal insertion , throat constricted ; lobes sharply overlapping to right . Stamens inserted at lower third of corolla tube; anthers sagittate , connivent, adherent to pistil head , anther tips included or exserted, cells spurred at base ; disc scales 5, free . Ovaries 2, free, usually longer than disc; ovules numerous in each ovary. Style short; pistil head conical . Follicles 2, linear or fusiform , divergent or parallel. Seeds linear-oblong, not beaked , coma silky white; endosperm copious ; cotyledons linear, flat, radicle short.

About 15 species: one in North America, the others in Asia; six species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Trachelospermum asiaticum

Lianas woody, to 10 m , glabrous or pubescent when young. Petiole 2-10 mm; leaf blade elliptic , narrowly ovate , or subobovate, 2-10 X 1-5 cm, membranous to papery , base acute or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to acute, rarely caudate ; lateral veins 6-10 pairs. Cymes terminal and axillary . Sepals appressed to corolla tube , 1.5-3 mm, puberulent to glabrous outside, apex obtuse to subacute ; basal glands 10. Corolla white, tube 6-10 mm, dilated at throat , glabrous or puberulent inside facing stamens; lobes obovate , as long as tube. Stamens inserted at or near corolla throat; anther apex exserted or slightly so; disc scales shorter than to as long as ovary. Ovary glabrous. Follicles linear , 10-30 cm X 3-5 mm. Seeds oblong , 2-2.5 cm, coma to 3.5 cm. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Aug-Nov. 2n = 20. [source]

Habit: Climbing

Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August. • Flower Color: White • Flower Conspicuous: Small salverform flowers, star shaped with cylindrical tubes , grow in clusters

Foliage: Glossy, dark green • Foliage Shape: Oval • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Green • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Green • Fall foliage: Green • Winter foliage: Green

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Fast Growing • Size: Rapid growth to 1 foot tall and spreading widely.

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . As a ground cover, space plants 5` apart, (closer for faster coverage). Control weeds with mulch until the plants cover the area.

Habitat

Dense or open montane forests , brushwoods, often clinging to trees ; 100-1000 m [3].

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 18-24" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full to partial sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 12 (>210 days) Low:7 (>60 to 90 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Malouetia asiatica Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math. Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4: 163. 1846
  2. Melodinus cavaleriei H. Léveillé
  3. Trachelosper-mum asiaticum var. brevisepalum (C. K. Schneider) Tsiang; Trachelospermum divaricatum var. brevisepalum C. K. Schneider
  4. Trachelospermum foetidum (Matsumura & Nakai) Nakai
  5. Trachelospermum gracilipes J. D. Hooker
  6. Trachelospermum gracilipes var. cavaleriei (H. Léveillé) Tsiang
  7. Trachelospermum gracilipes var. hupehense Tsiang & P. T. Li
  8. Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindley) Lemaire subsp. foetidum Matsu-mura & Nakai
  9. Trachelospermum lanyuense C. E. Chang
  10. Trachelospermum siamense Craib.

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Place of publication : Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36:22. 1922

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Trachelospermum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 74 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. asiaticum (Japanese Star-Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Aureum' · T. asiaticum 'Chirimen' (Chirimen Variegated Asiatic Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Elegant' · T. asiaticum 'Golden Memories' · T. asiaticum 'Gold Brocade' · T. asiaticum 'Goshiki' · T. asiaticum 'Hatsuyuki' · T. asiaticum 'Hatuyukikazura' (Asian Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Kiifu Chirmen' · T. asiaticum 'Kulu Chiriman' · T. asiaticum 'Minima' · T. asiaticum 'Monet' · T. asiaticum 'Nagaba' · T. asiaticum 'Nana' · T. asiaticum 'Oblanceolatum' · T. asiaticum 'Ogon Nishiki' (Ogon Nishiki Japanese Star-Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Pink Showers' · T. asiaticum 'Red Top' (Red Top Asiatic Jasmine Trachelospermum Asiaticum) · T. asiaticum 'Salsa' (Asian Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Summer Sunset' · T. asiaticum 'Theta' · T. asiaticum var. intermedium · T. asiaticum 'Variegata' (Asian Jasmine) · T. asiaticum 'Variegatum' · T. asiaticum 'White Mist' · T. asiaticum 'Winter Beauty' · T. assamense · T. auritum · T. axillare · T. bodinieri · T. bodinieri 'Cathayense' · T. bodinieri var. cathayanum · T. bowringii · T. brevistylum · T. cathayanum · T. cavaleriei · T. 'Chameleon' · T. 'Christabel Bielenberg' · T. crocostomum · T. difforme (Climbing Dogbane) · T. divaricatum · T. dunnii · T. esquirolii · T. foetidum · T. formosanum · T. fragrans · T. gracilipes · T. jasminoides (Confederate Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Big White Star' · T. jasminoides 'Japonicum' (Confederate Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Madison' (Madison Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Major' · T. jasminoides 'Oblanceolatum' · T. jasminoides 'Tricolor' (Confederate Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Variegata' (Variegated Star Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Variegatum' (Variegated Star Jasmine) · T. jasminoides 'Waterwheel' · T. jasminoides 'Wilsonii' · T. kuraruense · T. lanyuense · T. liukiuense · T. lucidum · T. majus · T. mandianum · T. philippinense · T. siamense · T. speciosum · T. stans · T. tanaii · T. tenax · T. tetanocarpum · T. vanoverberghii · T. yunnanense

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 08, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Bingtao Li, Antony J. M. Leeuwenberg & David J. Middleton "Apocynaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 143. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Trachelospermum". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 166. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Trachelospermum asiaticum". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 167. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/2/2009