Overview
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Critically Endangered |
|
Interesting Facts
Description
Family Boraginaceae
Herbs perennial
, biennial, or annual
, less often lianas, shrubs
, or trees
, usually bristly
or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple
, exstipulate
, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin
. Inflorescences often double
scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed
, mostly persistent
. Corolla tubular
, campanulate
, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
appendages
5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring
of hairs
present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes
overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted
on corolla tube or rarely at throat
, included
or rarely exserted; anthers
introrse
, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed
at base
, less often medifixed
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous
, semianatropous, or anatropous
. Style terminal
or gynobasic
, branched or not. Gynobase
flat, fastigiate
, or subulate
. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets
(mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings
, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles
with barbed
or anchorlike tips
) . Seeds vertical
or oblique
, coat
membranous; embryo straight, less often curved
; cotyledons flat, fleshy
.
About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate
and tropical regions
, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]
Genus Tournefortia
Shrubs
, climbing
shrubs, trees
, or herbs. Leaves alternate, petiolate
, entire. Cymes terminal
or axillary
, corymbose
, ebracteate
. Calyx 4- or 5-parted, not changing in fruit; lobes
narrow. Corolla white or pale
green, usually funnelform
; tube
pubescent
outside, usually exceeding calyx; throat
unappendaged; lobes 4 or 5, overlapping or valvate
in bud, spreading
at anthesis
. Filaments
short, inserted
on corolla tube; anthers
ovate
to oblong
, mucronate
or obtuse
at apex. Disc slightly convex
or sometimes nearly cupular. Ovary 4-loculed; ovules 1 per locule, pendulous. Style terminal; stigma entire or 2-cleft, base
fleshy
, ringlike, inflated
. Drupes with watery, sticky, or corky mesocarp
, endocarp divided
at maturity into 2 2-seeded or 4 1-seeded mericarps, sometimes 1 seed sterile
. Seeds oblique
; cotyledons ovate or elliptic
.
About 150 species: tropical
and subtropical
regions; four species in China.
Argusia (including Messerschmidia) has often been regarded as a distinct
genus of three species of seashore plants
. It is distinguished from Tournefortia by the corky mesocarp, which is an adaptation to dispersal
by seawater. True Tournefortia has fleshy fruit, and none of its species is a seashore plant. For a detailed discussion of the generic
limits
of Argusia and Tournefortia, see Al-Shehbaz (J. Arnold Arbor
., suppl. ser., 1: 1-169. 1991).[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Ecology:
Dry coastal forest
(0–500 m
).[3].
List of Habitats
:
- 1 Forest
- 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- borage, bourraches
- Subfamily:
Heliotropioideae
(
)
- Genus:
Tournefortia
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Soldierbush
- Specific epithet:
obtusiflora
- Benth.
- Botanical name: - Tournefortia obtusiflora Benth.
- Specific epithet:
obtusiflora
- Benth.
- Genus:
Tournefortia
(
- Subfamily:
Heliotropioideae
(
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Tournefortia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
T. argentea (Tree Heliotrope) · T. bicolor (Niguita) · T. filiflora (Cold Withe) · T. hirsutissima (Chiggery Grapes) · T. laurifolia (Laurel-Leaf Soldierbush) · T. maculata (Bejuco De Masa) · T. pubescens (White-Haired Tournefortia) · T. scabra (West Indian Soldierbush) · T. volubilis (Twining Soldierbush)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- IUCN. 2003. 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 November 2003.
- Valencia, R., Pitman, N., León-Yánez, S. and Jørgensen, P.M. (eds). 2000. Libro Rojo de las Plantas Endmicas del Ecuador 2000. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Ponticicia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito.
- Valencia, R., Pitman, N., Len-Ynez, S. and Jrgensen, P.M. (eds). 2000. Libro Rojo de las Plantas Endmicas del Ecuador 2000. Publicaciones del Herbario QCA, Ponticicia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Quito.
- Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 12, 2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
- Pitman, N. 2003. Tournefortia obtusiflora. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 05February2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 7150481
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:121084-1
- IUCN ID: 246716
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1026808
Footnotes
- Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Tournefortia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 341. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Pitman, N. 2003. Tournefortia obtusiflora. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 February 2012. [back]
