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Thelypteris resinifera

(Glandular Maiden Fern)

Overview

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Vulnerable

Threat status

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Glandular Maiden Fern, Resinous Maiden Fern, Wax-Dot Maiden Fern

Description

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Family Thelypteridaceae

Plants terrestrial or on rock [epiphytic]. Stems creeping to erect , scaly at apex. Leaves monomorphic or somewhat dimorphic [dimorphic]. Petiole in cross section with 2 crescent-shaped vascular bundles at base . Blade pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely more than 2-pinnate [simple ]; rachis grooved adaxially or not, grooves not continuous with grooves of next order . Veins free or anastomosing, running to margin , areoles with or without included free veinlets. Indument of transparent, needlelike, hooked , septate , or stellate hairs , or rarely hairs lacking. Sori inframedial to supramedial, occasionally nearly marginal , round or oblong , rarely elongate along veins; indusia reniform or sometimes absent. Spores bilateral , monolete [rarely globose-tetrahedral and trilete], usually with a prominent , crested , echinate , or reticulate perispore . Gametophytes green, cordate, usually hairy or glandular ; antheridia 3-celled.

Genera 1 to ca. 30, depending on circumscription, species ca. 900 (as circumscribed here, 3 genera and 25 species in the flora ) : mostly tropical .

Members of Thelypteridaceae have historically been associated with Dryopteridaceae (in particular, Dryopteris ) but in fact have no close relationship with that family . Thelypteris and allies differ from Dryopteris and allies by their indument of transparent needlelike hairs (versus needlelike hairs absent in Dryopteridaceae) ; general absence of blade scales (versus blade scales often present) ; petiole vasculature in cross section with two crescent-shaped bundles (versus many round bundles arranged in an arc, Athyrium and allies exceptional) ; generally 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid blades (versus often more divided ) ; veins usually not forking in the ultimate segments (versus often forking) ; adaxial grooves discontinuous from rachis to costae, or grooves lacking (versus grooves often continuous) ; and chromosome base numbers from 27--36 (versus generally 40, 41) .[1]

Genus Thelypteris

Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect , 1.5--12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, proximal pinnae reduced or not, apex commonly gradually reduced, infrequently abruptly reduced and pinnalike; pinnae entire to deeply pinnatifid , sessile or short-stalked; costae grooved adaxially; buds absent or uncommonly present in axils of pinnae; veins free to regularly anastomosing, commonly simple (1-forked in a few species, e.g. , Thelypteris palustris ) and reaching margin ; indument various abaxially, often of simple or branched hairs on blades, rachises and costae with or usually without scales . Sori round , oblong , or elongate along veins, commonly medial to supramedial; indusia round-reniform, large (ca. 1 mm diam.) and persistent or sometimes small (less than 0.3 mm diam.), occasionally ephemeral , sometimes absent; sporangial capsules glabrous or occasionally hairy . x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.

Species ca. 875: nearly worldwide.

In the broadest sense, Thelypteris is a very large and complex genus of about 900 species and constitutes the only genus in the family . It has been divided into ca. 30 genera by R. E. Holttum (1971, 1982) ; these are treated as subgenera and/or sections by various workers. In the treatment adopted here, the genus is broadly circumscribed but excludes the small segregate genera Phegopteris and Macrothelypteris, two of the most distinctive elements . The subgroups of Thelypteris (treated as genera by some workers) are indicated in the key to species and by their subgeneric names preceding the treatment of species groups. The name to be used if a narrowly circumscribed segregate genus is adopted is included in the synonymy .[2]

Physical Description

Species Thelypteris resinifera

Stems erect , (3--) 5--12 mm diam. Leaves monomorphic , evergreen , clustered, (15--) 25--100(--135) cm; croziers often mucilaginous . Petiole straw-colored, 2--15(--25) cm × 1--4(--6) mm, at base with brownish, ovate-lanceolate, ± glabrous scales . Blade to 110 cm, proximally with 6--12 pairs of smaller pinnae, distally tapering gradually to a pinnatifid apex. Proximal pinnae hastate or auriculate ; longest (medial ) pinnae 2--14(--20) × 0.4--2.5 cm, incised to within 1 mm of costa; segments 2--3 mm wide, strongly oblique and somewhat curved ; veins meeting margin above sinus . Indument abaxially of hairs 0.2--0.5 mm on rachises, costae, and sometimes veins and blade tissue, also of numerous glands , these yellowish to often reddish, resinous , shiny, sessile, hemispheric ; blade tissue adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy . Sori round , medial to submarginal ; indusia tan, glandular , and sparsely hairy. 2 n = 58. [source]

Habitat

Damp woods and swamps in subacid soil; 0--100 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,524 meters (0 to 8,281 feet).[4]

Taxonomy

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Synonyms

Amauropelta resinifera (Desv.) Pic. Serm. • Amauropelta resinifera (Desvaux) Pichi-Sermolli • Dryopteris panamensis (C. Presl) C. Christensen • Dryopteris resinifera (Desv.) Weatherby • Lastrea Resinifera • Lastrea resinifera (Desv.) Copel. • Polypodium resiniferum Desv. • Polypodium resiniferum Desvaux • Thelypteris panamensis (C. Presl) E. P. St. John.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Thelypteris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 86 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

T. abdita (Rio Abajo Maiden Fern) · T. abrupta (Fairybit Maiden Fern) · T. angustifolia (Broadleaf Maiden Fern) · T. augescens (Abrupt-Tip Maiden Fern) · T. balbisii (Balbis' Maiden Fern) · T. boydiae (Boyd's Maiden Fern) · T. brittonae (Britton's Maiden Fern) · T. cheilanthoides (Lip Maiden Fern) · T. cordata (Heartleaf Maiden Fern) · T. cordata var. cordata (Heartleaf Maiden Fern) · T. cordata var. imitata (Heartleaf Maiden Fern) · T. cyatheoides (Lacy Maiden Fern) · T. decursive-pinnata (Clumping Wood Fern) · T. decussata (Glandular Maiden Fern) · T. deltoidea (Deltoid Maiden Fern) · T. dentata (Downy Maiden Fern) · T. exindusiata (Makaleha Maiden Fern) · T. forsteri (Forster's Maiden Fern) · T. germaniana (German's Maiden Fern) · T. globulifera (Globular Maiden Fern) · T. grandis (Stately Maiden Fern) · T. guadalupensis (Guadeloupe Maiden Fern) · T. hastata (Arrowhead Maiden Fern) · T. hastata var. hastata (Arrowhead Maiden Fern) · T. hastata var. heterodoxa (Arrowhead Maiden Fern) · T. hildae (Limestone Maiden Fern) · T. hispidula (Roughhairy Maiden Fern) · T. hispidula var. hispidula (Roughhairy Maiden Fern) · T. hispidula var. inconstans (Roughhairy Maiden Fern) · T. hispidula var. versicolor (Hairy Maiden Fern) · T. inabonensis (Cordillera Maiden Fern) · T. interrupta (Shiny Thelypteris) · T. invisa (Maiden Fern) · T. kunthii (Kunth's Maiden Fern) · T. leptocladia (Thicket Maiden Fern) · T. linkiana (Link's Maiden Fern) · T. namophila (Maricao Maiden Fern) · T. nephrodioides (Graygreen Maiden Fern) · T. nevadensis (Sierra Marsh Fern) · T. noveboracensis (New York Fern) · T. oligocarpa (Maiden Fern) · T. opposita (Oppositeleaf Maiden Fern) · T. opulenta (Jeweled Maiden Fern) · T. ovata (Ovate Marsh Fern) · T. ovata var. lindheimeri (Lindheimer's Marsh Fern) · T. ovata var. lindheimeri (C.Chr.) A.R.Sm. (Lindheimer's Marsh Fern) · T. ovata var. ovata (Ovate Marsh Fern) · T. ovata var. ovata R. St. John (Ovate Marsh Fern) · T. palustris (Eastern Marsh Fern) · T. palustris var. pubescens (Eastern Marsh Fern) · T. parasitica (Parasitic Maiden Fern) · T. patens (Grid-Scale Maiden Fern) · T. patens var. patens (Gridscale Maiden Fern) · T. patens var. smithiana (Smith's Maiden Fern) · T. pennata (Graceful Maiden Fern) · T. piedrensis (Cuban Maiden Fern) · T. pilosa (Hairy Maiden Fern) · T. pilosa var. alabamensis (Alabama Streak-Sorus Fern) · T. pilosa var. alabamensis Crawford (Streak-Sorus Fern) · T. pilosa var. pilosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Crawford (Streak-Sorus Fern) · T. poiteana (Darkgreen Maiden Fern) · T. puberula (Showy Maiden Fern) · T. puberula (Baker) Morton var. puberula (Baker) Morton (Showy Maiden Fern) · T. puberula var. puberula (Showy Maiden Fern) · T. puberula var. sonorensis (Aravaipa Wood Fern) · T. quelpaertensis (Queen's-Veil Maiden Fern) · T. reptans (Creeping Maiden Fern) · T. reptans var. reptans (Creeping Maiden Fern) · T. reptans var. reptans (J.F.Gmel.) Morton (Creeping Maiden Fern) · T. reptans var. tenera (Creeping Maiden Fern) · T. resinifera (Glandular Maiden Fern) · T. reticulata (Lattice-Vein Fern) · T. retroflexa (Spleenwort Maiden Fern) · T. rheophyta (Rio Inabon Maiden Fern) · T. robertiana (Limestone Oak Fern) · T. rolandii (Roland's Maiden Fern) · T. rudis (Red Maiden Fern) · T. sancta (Caribbean Maiden Fern) · T. sclerophylla (Stiff Maiden Fern) · T. serra (Jamaican Maiden Fern) · T. serrata (Toothed Lattice-Vein Fern) · T. simulata (Bog Fern) · T. tetragona (Free-Tip Star-Hair Fern) · T. verecunda (Barrio Charcas Maiden Fern) · T. wailele (Waioli Valley Maiden Fern) · T. yaucoensis (Puerto Rico Maiden Fern)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Alan R. Smith "Thelypteridaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Alan R. Smith "Thelypteris". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Thelypteris resinifera". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  4. Mean = 476.580 meters (1,563.583 feet), Standard Deviation = 847.490 based on 271 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/15/2012