Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Arabic:
Aabda, Fersig
Common Names in English:
French Tamarisk, Saltcedar, Tamarisk, Tamarix
Common Names in French:
Tamaris
Common Names in German:
Tamariske
Common Names in unspecified:
Saltcedar, Tamarisk, Tamarix
Description
Family Tamaricaceae
Shrubs
, subshrubs
, or trees
. Leaves small, mostly scale-like, alternate, estipulate, usually sessile, mostly with salt-secreting glands
. Flowers usually in racemes
or panicles, rarely solitary, usually hermaphroditic
, regular. Calyx 4- or 5-fid, persistent
. Petals 4 or 5, free
, deciduous after anthesis
or sometimes persistent. Disk inferior, usually thick, nectarylike. Stamens 4, 5, or more numerous
, usually free, inserted
on disk, rarely united
into fascicle at base
, or united up to half length
into a tube
. Anthers
2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent
. Pistil 1, consisting of 2-5 carpels; ovary superior, 1-loculed; placentation parietal
, rarely septate
, or basal; ovules numerous, rarely few; styles short, usually 2-5, free, sometimes united. Capsule conic, abaxially dehiscent. Seeds numerous, hairy
throughout or awned
at apex; awns
puberulous
from base or from middle
; endosperm present or absent; embryo orthotropous
.
Three genera and ca.
110 species: steppe
and desert regions of the Old World; three genera and 32 species (12 endemic) in China.
Myrtama has been placed alternatively in Myricaria, Tamarix, or treated as a separate genus (see Gaskin et al.
, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 402-410. 2004; Zhang et al., Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 20: 421-431. 2000) .[1]
Genus Tamarix
Shrubs
or trees
, much branched. Young branches usually glabrous
; two types of branches present: ligneous
growing branches, not deciduous in winter vs.
green vegetative
branchlets
, deciduous in winter. Leaves alternate, sessile, amplexicaul
or vaginate
, small, scale-like, glabrous, rarely hairy
, mostly with salt-secreting glands
. Flowers in racemes
or panicles, blooming in spring
; racemes lateral
on growing branches of previous or current
year and clustered in terminal
panicles, or two types of flowering habits present in some species. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
, 4- or 5(or 6) -merous, usually pedicellate
; bract 1. Calyx herbaceous or fleshy
, 4- or 5-fid; lobes
entire or faintly denticulate
. Petals as many as calyx lobes, deciduous or persistent
after anthesis
. Disk variously shaped, mostly 4- or 5-lobed; lobes entire, or apex retuse
or even deeply divided
. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite to calyx lobes, or numerous
, outer series opposite to calyx lobes; filaments
often free
, inserted
between lobes of disk or at apices of lobes; anthers
cordate, versatile, 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent
. Pistil consisting of 3 or 4 carpels; ovary mostly conic, many seeded; placentation basal-parietal; styles 3 or 4; stigmas capitate, short. Capsule conic, abaxially 3-septicidal. Seeds numerous, minute; apical awns
villous
.
About 90 species: Africa, Asia, Europe; 18 species (seven endemic) in China.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Tree , Shrub
Habitat
Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 57 meters (187 feet).[3]
Biome: Coastal.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Tamaricaceae
(
)
- Link, 1821
- tamarisk
- Genus:
Tamarix
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Tamarisk
- Specific epithet:
gallica
- L.
- Variety:
, by Mrs. Francis King. Boston,
Atlantic
- Botanical name: - Tamarix gallica L.
- Variety:
, by Mrs. Francis King. Boston,
Atlantic
- Specific epithet:
gallica
- L.
- Genus:
Tamarix
(
- Family:
Tamaricaceae
(
- Order:
Caryophyllales
(
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Tamarix
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
T. africana (African Tamarisk) · T. aphylla (Athel) · T. aralensis (Russian Tamarisk) · T. canariensis (Canary Island Tamarisk) · T. chinensis (China Tamarisk) · T. dioica (Saltcedar) · T. gallica (French Tamarisk) · T. parviflora (Saltcedar) · T. ramosissima (Five-Stamen Tamarix) · T. ramosissima 'Pink Cascade' (Five-Stamen Tamarix) · T. ramosissima 'Rosea' (Salt Cedar) · T. ramosissima 'Rubra' (Five-Stamen Tamarix) · T. ramosissima 'Summer Glow' (Five-Stamen Tamarix) · T. tetragyna (Saltcedar) · T. tetranda 'Hulsdonk White' (Four-Stamen Tamarisk 'hulsdonk White')
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Further Reading
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
- European Environment Agency, EUNIS
- GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
- GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
- GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
- GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
- GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
- GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648121
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22304
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5190438
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:828112-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 36228
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22304
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 828111-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TAGA
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 65304
Footnotes
- Qiner Yang & John Gaskin "Tamaricaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 58. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Tamarix". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 58, 59, 434. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Standard Deviation = 246.360 based on 1,173 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
