Tagetes erecta (African Marigold)

Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

African Marigold, Aztec Marigold, Big Marigold, French Marigold, Marigold, Saffron Marigold, Tall Marigold

Common Names in French:

Tagète Rose D´inde

Common Names in German:

Studentenblume

Common Names in Portuguese:

Maravilha, Rojao

Common Names in Russian:

Barchatcy Prjamostojaščie, барцхатцы прямостоящие

Common Names in Spanish:

Flor De Muerto

Description

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Genus Tagetes

Annuals , perennials , subshrubs , or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10-80(-200) cm. Stems erect , branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate) ; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate overall, usually 1-3-pinnately lobed or -pinnatisect, ultimate margins toothed or entire, faces glabrous or hairy (oil-glands scattered and/or submarginal ). Heads radiate or discoid , borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres narrowly cylindric or fusiform to turbinate or broadly campanulate , 1-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , 3-21+ in 1-2 series (connate to 7/8+ their lengths , usually streaked and/or dotted with oil-glands). Receptacles convex to conic, smooth or finely pitted , epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 1-8(-13+; to 100+ in "double" cultivars), pistillate , fertile (except "double" cultivars) ; corollas yellow or orange, red-brown (with or without yellow/orange), or white. Disc florets 6-120+, bisexual , fertile; corollas greenish yellow to orange, sometimes tipped with red or red-brown, tubes much longer than or about equaling funnelform throats , lobes 5, deltate to lance-linear (equal or 2 sinuses deeper than others). Cypselae narrowly obpyramidal or fusiform-terete, sometimes weakly flattened, glabrous or hairy; pappi persistent, of 2-5(-10 dissimilar, distinct or connate scales in ± 1 series: 0-5+ oblong to lanceolate, erose-truncate or laciniate plus 0-2(-5) longer, subulate to aristate . x = 12.

Species 40+: tropical and warm-temperate America, especially Mexico; introduced in Old World.

Some Tagetes species (e.g. , T. erecta) produce nematicidal thiophenes in their roots and have been shown to be effective controls for nematodes in diverse crops (cf. , http://www.ncagr.com/agronomi/nnote1.htm).Reports of "Tagetes minima L." for Pennsylvania (cf. http://plants.usda.gov) are evidently rooted in an error for T. minuta. Report of T. pusilla Kunth (= T. filifolia Lagasca) for Maryland (http://plants.usda.gov) was not verified for this treatment.[1]

Physical Description

Species Tagetes erecta

Annuals , 10-120+ cm. Leaf blades 30-120(-250+) mm overall, principal lobes/leaflets 9-25, lanceolate to lance-linear , 15-25(-45+) × 3-8(-12+) mm. Heads borne ± singly. Peduncles 30-100(-150+) mm. Involucres 10-22+ × (3-) 5-12+ mm. Ray florets (3-) 5-8+ (to 100+ in "double" cultivars) ; laminae yellow to orange, red-brown (sometimes particolored: yellow/red-brown), or white (some cultivars), ± flabellate to oval-quadrate, (2-) 12-18(-25+) mm. Disc florets (10-) 50-120+; corollas 7-12+ mm. Cypselae 6-11 mm; pappi of 0-2, ± subulate-aristate scales 6-12+ mm plus 2-4 distinct or connate , linear-oblong, ± erose scales 2-6+ mm. 2n = 24, 48. [source]

Cultivars of Tagetes erecta are widely grown in gardens and, commercially, for cut flowers. They often persist after abandoned plantings . Tetraploid plants (2n = 48) with smaller involucres and wholly or partially red-brown corollas included here in T. erecta have been called T. patula by some botanists. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. • Flower Color: goldyellow-orange, orange, yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Habitat

Disturbed sites; 0-1000+ m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

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Kingdom: Plantae () - Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Vascular Plants
  - Class: Magnoliopsida () - Dicotyledons
    - Order: Asterales ()
      - Family: Noctuoidea ()
        Subfamily: Asteroideae ()
        Tribe: Tageteae ()
        Genus: Tagetes () - Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 378. 1754. - Marigold [Etymology unknown; possibly from New Latin Tages, an Etruscan god]
        Specific epithet: erecta - Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 887. 1753.
        Botanical name: - Tagetes erecta L.

Unambiguous Synonyms

Tagetes corymbosa Sweet
Tagetes patula Linnaeus
Tagetes remotiflora Kunze
Tagetes signata Bartling
Tagetes tenuifolia Cavanilles
Tagetes tenuifolia Millsp.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:887. 1753

Name verified on 01-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 25-Feb-2002

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Tagetes

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 317 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 14, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 18 providers.
"Tagetes erecta". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 235, 236. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
, Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659361
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-38483
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13750580
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:252092-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 36197
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38483
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TAMA2
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 65258

Footnotes

John L. Strother "Tagetes". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 222, 235. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Tagetes erecta". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 235, 236. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 424.990 meters (1,394.324 feet), Standard Deviation = 792.550 based on 129 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Tagetes erecta

Common Names

Description

Genus Tagetes

Physical Description

Species Tagetes erecta

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Tagetes

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes