Symplocos racemosa

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Symplocaceae

Shrubs or trees , evergreen (Symplocos paniculata deciduous) . Leaves spirally or distichously arranged, simple ; stipules absent; leaf blade margin entire, dentate , or glandular dentate, midvein adaxially impressed or rarely flat or prominent . Inflorescences in spikes, racemes , panicles, or glomerules , rarely flowers solitary. Flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual , supported by 1 bract and 2 bractlets , rarely bractless or with several bracts in leaf axil . Ovary inferior to half inferior, 2--5-locular but unless stated otherwise in descriptions 3-locular, with 2--4 ovules per locule. Calyx lobes (3--) 5, persistent , valvate or imbricate. Corolla white (not repeated in descriptions) or yellow, gamopetalous but divided nearly to base (or to middle in S. pendula) ; lobes (3--) 5(--11), imbricate. Stamens many, rarely 4 or 5, adnate to base of corolla tube , monadelphous in subgenus Symplocos, monadelphous to pentadelphous in subgenus Hopea; filaments distinct or in fascicles; anthers subglobose, 2-locular. Ovary usually with an apical 5-glandular, annular , cylindrical, or 5-lobed disc. Style 1, filiform ; stigma small, capitate or 2--5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo straight or curved ; cotyledons very short.

One genus and ca. 200 species: widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of Asia, Australia, and America; 42 species (18 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Symplocos

Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as the family .[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Roxb. Publication : Hort. Bengal. 40; Fl. Ind. ii. 539.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Symplocos

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. coccinea (Limoncillo) · S. lanata (Nispero Cimarron) · S. martinicensis (Martinique Sweetleaf) · S. micrantha (Aceitunilla) · S. paniculata (Asiatic Sweetleaf) · S. racemosa (Lodh Tree) · S. tacanensis (Palo Mora) · S. tinctoria (Common Sweetleaf)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 254, p. 8.
• A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 url p. 391.
• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 2.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url , p. 2.
• A manual of Indian botany. London, Blackie & Son Ltd., 1920. url .
• A manual of Indian timbers: an account of the structure, growth, distribution, and qualities of Indian woods. CalcuttaOffice of the Superintendent of Govt. Printing1881 url , p. 253.
• A manual of botany: including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, John Churchill and Sons, 1870. url p. 588.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 681.
• An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 185, p. 343, p. 522.
• Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, mana London, Henry G. Bohn, 1854. url p. 174.
• Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, mana London, Henry G. Bohn, 1854. url p. 174.
• Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 261.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1911 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 409.
• Catalogue of the economic products of the Presidency of Bombay: being a catalogue of the Government Central Museum, Division 1., Raw produce (vegetable) / compiled by Assistant Surgeon Birdwood. Bombay: Printed at the Education Society's Press, 1862. url p. 100, p. 300.
• Catalogue of the plants of Kumaon and of the adjacent portions of Garhwal and Tibet, based on the collections made by Strachey and Winterbottom during the years 1846 to 1849 and on the catalogue originally prepared in 1852 by Sir Richard Strachey. .. rev. and supplemented by J. F. Duthie. London, L. Reeve & co., limited, 1906. url p. 260.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 304.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 380, p. 406, p. 432, p. 436, p. 444, p. 582.
• Contributions to the flora of Siam [Aberdeen]Printed for the University1912- url p. 126.
• Contributions to the flora of Siam. .. / by William Grant Craib. .. [Aberdeen]: Printed for the University of Aberdeen, 1912- url p. 126.
• Dictionary of the active principles of plants: alkaloids, bitter principles, glucosides, their sources, nature, and chemical characteristics, with tabular summary, classification of reactions, and full botanical and general indexes / by Charles E. Sohn. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1894. url p. 62.
• Flora Indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants / by the late William Roxburgh. Serampore: Printed for W. Thacker, 1832. url p. 539.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 266.
• Fragmenta Florae Philippinae: contributions to the flora of the Philippine Islands / by J. Perkins. Leipzig: Gebr. Borntraeger, 1904-1905. url p. 37.
• Indian trees: an account of trees, shrubs, woody climbers, bamboos, and palms indigenous or commonly cultivated in the British Indian empire / London: A. Constable, 1906. url p. 438.
• On the culture and commerce of cotton in India and elsewhere; with an account of the experiments made by the Hon. East India Company up to the present time. London: Smith, Elder, 1851. url p. 602.
• Pharmacographia Indica.by William Dymock, C.J.H. Warden, and David Hooper. 1890-1893 London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1893. url p. 74.
• Preliminary report on the forest and other vegetation of Pegu. CalcuttaC.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press1875 url p. 39, p. 41.
• Suggestions received by the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India for extending the cultivation and introduction of useful and ornamental plants: with a view to the improvement of the agricultural and commercial resources of India / compiled by Henry Harpur Spry. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1841. url p. 12.
• The Bombay flora, or, Short descriptions of all the indigenous plants hitherto discovered in or near the Bombay presidency together with a supplement of introduced and naturalised species / by Nicholas A. Dalzell and Alexander Gibson. Bombay: Education Society's Press, 1861. url p. 140.
• The Bombay flora: or, Short descriptions of all the indigenous plants hitherto discovered in or near the Bombay Presidency: together with a supplement of introduced and naturalised species / Bombay: Printed at the Education Society's Press, 1861. url .
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 389, p. 670.
• The Entomologist. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., [1877- url p. 117.
• The Faras-na?ma-e Rangi?n; or, The book of the horse, by "Rangin" [pseud.] Tr. from the Urdu by Lieut.-Colonel D. C. Phillott. .. London, B. Quaritch, 1911. url p. 49.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 17 1880 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 297, p. 298, p. 74, p. 83.
• The botany of Bihar and Orissa: an account of all the known indigenous plants of the province and of the most important or most commonly cultivated exotic ones / with maps and introduction by H. H. Haines. London: Printed by Adlard and sold by agents for Indian Official Publications, 1921-25. url p. 521.
• The commercial products of India: being an abridgment of The dictionary of the economic products of India / by Sir George Watt; published under the authority of His Majesty's secretary of state for India in council. London: J. Murray, 1908. url p. 1053, p. 49.
• The commercial products of the vegetable kingdom, considered in their various uses to man and in their relation to the arts and manufactures; forming a practical treatise and handbook of reference for the colonist, manufacturer, merchant, and consume London, Day, 1854. url p. 442.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. 3 1882 London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 573, p. 575, p. 575, p. 576, p. 576, p. 579, p. 579, p. 581, p. 581, p. 582, p. 583, p. 583.
• The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url , , .
• The flora of the presidency of Bombay / By Theodore Cooke. London: Taylor and Francis, 1903-08. url p. 109.
• The forest flora of north-west and central India: a handbook of the indigenous trees and shrubs of those countries / Commenced by by J. Lindsay Stewart. Continued and completed by Dietrich Brandis. Prepared at the herbarium of the Royal gardens, Kew. LondonW.H. Allen1874 url p. 299, p. 300, p. 301.
• The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 115, p. 470, p. 65.
• The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 6 1894 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url p. 124, p. 148.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 66.
• The tropical agriculturist. Colombo, Ceylon: A.M. & J. Ferguson, 1882- url p. 697.
• Vegetable technology; a contribution towards a bibliography of economic botany, with a comprehensive subject-index. By Benjamin Daydon Jackson. .. Founded upon the collections of George James Symons, F. R. S. London, Pub. for the Index society, by Longmans, Green & co. [etc.]1882. url p. 346, p. 512.
• Vernacular list of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers in the Madras Presidency. Madras, Printed by the Superintendant, Government Press, 1915. url p. 391, p. 410, p. 413, p. 681, p. 699.
• Wu Rong-fen (as Wu Young-fen) in Wu Young-fen & Hwang Shu-mei, eds. 1987. Symplocaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(2): 1-77.
• Wu Rong-fen (as Wu Young-fen) in Wu Young-fen & Hwang Shu-mei, eds. 1987. Symplocaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(2): 1-77.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 16, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3424585
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15873617
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:827269-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 827267-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1112183

Footnotes

1. Young-fen Wu & Hans P. Nooteboom "Symplocaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 235. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Symplocos". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 235. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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