Spiraea nipponica

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Spiraea

Shrubs deciduous. Winter buds small, with 2-8 exposed scales . Leaves alternate, usually shortly petiolate , simple ; stipules absent; leaf blade veins usually pinnate, rarely 3-5 from base , margin serrate or incised, sometimes lobed , rarely entire. Flowers in umbels, umbel-like racemes , corymbs, or panicles, bisexual , rarely ± unisexual . Hypanthium campanulate or cupular, lined by nectariferous disk. Sepals 5, valvate or slightly imbricate, usually slightly shorter than hypanthium. Petals 5, imbricate or contorted, usually longer than sepals. Stamens 15-60, borne between disk and petals. Disk annular, usually lobed. Carpels (3-) 5(-8), free ; ovules (2 to) several per carpel, pendulous; styles terminal , subterminal , or abaxial ; stigma capitate or disciform . Follicles bony, often dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds linear to oblong , minute; testa membranous.

Between 80 and 100 species: N temperate zone, extending S to mountainous subtropical areas; 70 species (47 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: For showy flowers. Group or mass plantings . For border . For foundation plant. • Liabilities: Possible overused. • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring . For a formal appearance , shear annually after flowering.

Habitat

Zone 4, warmer parts of 3.

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3" of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 8 (>90 to 120 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Spiraea bracteata Zabel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Spiraea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 90 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. alba (Narrow-Leaved Meadowsweet) · S. alba var. latifolia (Northern Meadow-Sweet) · S. arguta (Garland Spiraea) · S. betulifolia (White Spirea) · S. betulifolia var. corymbosa (Birch-Leaved Spirea) · S. betulifolia var. lucida (Birch-Leaved Spirea) · S. betulifolia 'Tor' (Birch-Leaf Spirea) · S. billiardii (Billiard's Spirea) · S. bumalda (Japanese Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis (Double Bridal Wreath Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis var. pilosa (Reeve´s Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis 'Lanceata' (Double Reeves Spirea) · S. chamaedryfolia chamaedryfolia (Germander Meadowsweet) · S. decumbens (White Lace Prostrate Spirea) · S. discolor (Creambush Oceanspray) · S. douglasii douglasii (Douglass' Spirea) · S. fritschiana 'Pink Parasols' (Spirea) · S. hypericifolia (Iberian Spirea) · S. japonica (Fritsch Spirea) · S. japonica f. alpina (Daphne Spirea) · S. japonica L.f. 'Golden Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Candlelight' (Candlelight Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Dakota Gold Charm' (Dakota Gold Charm Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Everblooming' (Everblooming Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Fire Light' (Fire Light Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Flaming Mound' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Golden Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Goldmound' (Goldmound Spirea) · S. japonica 'Gumball' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Lemon Princess' (Lemon Princess Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Lisp' (Golden Princess® Spirea) · S. japonica 'Little Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Mertyann' (Dakota Goldcharm® Spirea) · S. japonica 'Neon Flash' (Neon Flash Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Shibori' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Shirobana' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Sparkling Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Walbuma' (Magic Carpet Spirea) · S. japonica 'White Gold' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. nipponica (Nippon Spirea) · S. nipponica 'Snowmound' (Snowmound Nippon Spirea) · S. opulifolia (Atlantic Ninebark) · S. prunifolia (Bridal Wreath Spiraea) · S. prunifolia 'Floreplena' (Bridalwreath Spirea) · S. prunifolia 'Plena' (Plena Bridalwreath Spiraea) · S. pyramidata (Pyramid Spirea) · S. salicifolia (Aranons Beard) · S. septentrionalis (Northern Meadowsweet) · S. splendens (Mountain Spiraea) · S. stevenii (Alaska Spiraea) · S. subcanescens (Spirea) · S. thunbergii (Thunberg Spirea) · S. thunbergii 'Fujino Pink' (Thunberg Spirea) · S. thunbergii 'Ogon' (Mellow Yellow Spirea) · S. tomentosa (Fernald Hardhack) · S. tomentosa var. rosea (Steeplebush) · S. trifoliata (Mountain Indian-Physic) · S. trilobata (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. trilobata 'Fairy Queen' (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. trilobata 'Swan Lake' (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. ulmaria (Queen of the Meadow) · S. vanhouttei (Van Houtt's Spirea) · S. virginiana (Virginia Meadowsweet) · S. x arguta (Garland Spirea) · S. x arguta 'Compacta' (Garland Spirea) · S. x arguta 'Graciosa' (Garland Spirea) · S. x billardii (Billards Bridewort) · S. x billardii 'Triumphans' (Spirea) · S. x billiardii (Billiard's Spirea) · S. x bumalda (Bumald Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Anthony Waterer' (Anthony Waterer Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Crispa' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. × bumalda 'Dart's Red' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Dolchica' (Dolchica Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Froebelii' (Froebel Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Goldmound' (Goldmound Japanese Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Gold Flame' (Gold Flame Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Green Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Lemon Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Lime Mound' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Monhub' (Limemound® Spirea) · S. × bumalda 'Monhud' (Golden Sunrise" Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Neon Flash' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Norman' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x cinerea 'Grefsheim' (First Snow® Spirea) · S. x media 'Snow Storm' (Spiraea) · S. x vanhouttei 'Pink Ice' (Van Houtte Spiraea) · S. x vanhouttei 'Renaissance' (Renaissance Spirea) · S. x 'Candle Light' (Candle Light Spirea) · S. x 'Fire Light' (Fire Light Spirea)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Amherst, : Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, 1907-1974. url p. 63, p. 83.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url p. 44.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 519, p. 520.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 19 1918 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 142.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , p. 33, p. 52.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 107.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 476.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 314.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 746.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 15.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 681.
• The first fifty years of the Arnold Arboretum [by] C.S. Sargent. Cambridge, Mass., 1922 url p. 161.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2696, p. 3207, p. 3209.
• Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. [S.l.: s.n.], 1843-1920. url p. 38, p. 38.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• IOPI-GPC
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5871343
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-10305
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13686547
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:742405-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 712833

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Crinan Alexander "Spiraea". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 47. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.