Spiraea cantoniensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Spiraea

Shrubs deciduous. Winter buds small, with 2-8 exposed scales . Leaves alternate, usually shortly petiolate , simple ; stipules absent; leaf blade veins usually pinnate, rarely 3-5 from base , margin serrate or incised, sometimes lobed , rarely entire. Flowers in umbels, umbel-like racemes , corymbs, or panicles, bisexual , rarely ± unisexual . Hypanthium campanulate or cupular, lined by nectariferous disk. Sepals 5, valvate or slightly imbricate, usually slightly shorter than hypanthium. Petals 5, imbricate or contorted, usually longer than sepals. Stamens 15-60, borne between disk and petals. Disk annular, usually lobed. Carpels (3-) 5(-8), free ; ovules (2 to) several per carpel, pendulous; styles terminal , subterminal , or abaxial ; stigma capitate or disciform . Follicles bony, often dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds linear to oblong , minute; testa membranous.

Between 80 and 100 species: N temperate zone, extending S to mountainous subtropical areas; 70 species (47 endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Slopes ; 200--300 m. [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,848 meters (0 to 9,344 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-8' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Spiraea chamaedrifolia Thunb. • Spiraea corymbosa Roxb. • Spiraea japonica Siebold Ex Blume • Spiraea lanceolata Comm. Ex Poir. • Spiraea neumannii hort. ex Zabel

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Spiraea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 90 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. alba (Narrow-Leaved Meadowsweet) · S. alba var. latifolia (Northern Meadow-Sweet) · S. arguta (Garland Spiraea) · S. betulifolia (White Spirea) · S. betulifolia var. corymbosa (Birch-Leaved Spirea) · S. betulifolia var. lucida (Birch-Leaved Spirea) · S. betulifolia 'Tor' (Birch-Leaf Spirea) · S. billiardii (Billiard's Spirea) · S. bumalda (Japanese Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis (Double Bridal Wreath Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis var. pilosa (Reeve´s Spiraea) · S. cantoniensis 'Lanceata' (Double Reeves Spirea) · S. chamaedryfolia chamaedryfolia (Germander Meadowsweet) · S. decumbens (White Lace Prostrate Spirea) · S. discolor (Creambush Oceanspray) · S. douglasii douglasii (Douglass' Spirea) · S. fritschiana 'Pink Parasols' (Spirea) · S. hypericifolia (Iberian Spirea) · S. japonica (Fritsch Spirea) · S. japonica f. alpina (Daphne Spirea) · S. japonica L.f. 'Golden Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Candlelight' (Candlelight Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Dakota Gold Charm' (Dakota Gold Charm Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Everblooming' (Everblooming Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Fire Light' (Fire Light Maybush Spiraea Japonica) · S. japonica 'Flaming Mound' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Golden Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Goldmound' (Goldmound Spirea) · S. japonica 'Gumball' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Lemon Princess' (Lemon Princess Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Lisp' (Golden Princess® Spirea) · S. japonica 'Little Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Mertyann' (Dakota Goldcharm® Spirea) · S. japonica 'Neon Flash' (Neon Flash Japanese Spirea) · S. japonica 'Shibori' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Shirobana' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Sparkling Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. japonica 'Walbuma' (Magic Carpet Spirea) · S. japonica 'White Gold' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. nipponica (Nippon Spirea) · S. nipponica 'Snowmound' (Snowmound Nippon Spirea) · S. opulifolia (Atlantic Ninebark) · S. prunifolia (Bridal Wreath Spiraea) · S. prunifolia 'Floreplena' (Bridalwreath Spirea) · S. prunifolia 'Plena' (Plena Bridalwreath Spiraea) · S. pyramidata (Pyramid Spirea) · S. salicifolia (Aranons Beard) · S. septentrionalis (Northern Meadowsweet) · S. splendens (Mountain Spiraea) · S. stevenii (Alaska Spiraea) · S. subcanescens (Spirea) · S. thunbergii (Thunberg Spirea) · S. thunbergii 'Fujino Pink' (Thunberg Spirea) · S. thunbergii 'Ogon' (Mellow Yellow Spirea) · S. tomentosa (Fernald Hardhack) · S. tomentosa var. rosea (Steeplebush) · S. trifoliata (Mountain Indian-Physic) · S. trilobata (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. trilobata 'Fairy Queen' (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. trilobata 'Swan Lake' (Asian Meadowsweet) · S. ulmaria (Queen of the Meadow) · S. vanhouttei (Van Houtt's Spirea) · S. virginiana (Virginia Meadowsweet) · S. x arguta (Garland Spirea) · S. x arguta 'Compacta' (Garland Spirea) · S. x arguta 'Graciosa' (Garland Spirea) · S. x billardii (Billards Bridewort) · S. x billardii 'Triumphans' (Spirea) · S. x billiardii (Billiard's Spirea) · S. x bumalda (Bumald Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Anthony Waterer' (Anthony Waterer Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Crispa' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. × bumalda 'Dart's Red' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Dolchica' (Dolchica Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Froebelii' (Froebel Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Goldmound' (Goldmound Japanese Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Gold Flame' (Gold Flame Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Green Carpet' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Lemon Princess' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Lime Mound' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Monhub' (Limemound® Spirea) · S. × bumalda 'Monhud' (Golden Sunrise" Spirea) · S. x bumalda 'Neon Flash' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x bumalda 'Norman' (Japanese Meadowsweet) · S. x cinerea 'Grefsheim' (First Snow® Spirea) · S. x media 'Snow Storm' (Spiraea) · S. x vanhouttei 'Pink Ice' (Van Houtte Spiraea) · S. x vanhouttei 'Renaissance' (Renaissance Spirea) · S. x 'Candle Light' (Candle Light Spirea) · S. x 'Fire Light' (Fire Light Spirea)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• An encyclopaedia of trees and shrubs: being the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum abridged: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, by J. C. Loudon. London: F. Warne; 1869. url p. 300.
• Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, mana London, Henry G. Bohn, 1854. url , p. 724.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 20.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1912 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 286, p. 296.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. London: The Natural History Museum, c1993-2002. url p. 32, p. 33.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 18, p. 18.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 58.
• Essentials of botany. Boston, Ginn[c1908] url .
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 237, p. 239, p. 244.
• Flora of Bermuda. .. by Nathaniel Lord Britton. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1918. url p. 165, p. 583.
• Flora of Bermuda... by Nathaniel Lord Britton... New York, Scribner, 1918. url p. 165, p. 583.
• Flora of Guatemala, by Paul C. Standley and J.A. Steyermark. 24 1946 Chicago, 1946- url p. 483.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 520.
• Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong (China) being an account of the floweriing plants, ferns and fern allies together with keys for their determination preceded by a map and introduction, London, H. M. Stationery off., printed by Darling and son, ltd., 1912. url .
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 543.
• Hardy ornamental flowering trees and shrubs / by A. D. Webster. London: Smith, Elder, 1908. url p. 217.
• Hortus lignosus londinensis: or, A catalogue of all the ligneous plants, indigenous and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, cultivated in the gardens and grounds in the neighbourhood of London: with all their synonymes, scientific and By J. C. Loudon. London, The author, 1838. url p. 37.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 19 1918 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 141, p. 292.
• Key and flora, northern and central states. Boston, Ginn, [1908] url p. 115.
• Landscape garden series, ed. by Ralph Rodney Root. Davenport, Ia.: The Garden Press, [1921] url p. 17, p. 33.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , , p. 33, p. 41, p. 46, p. 53.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 158.
• Minnesota trees and shrubs: an illustrated manual of the native and cultivated woody plants of the State / Frederic E. Clements, C. Otto Rosendahl, Frederic K. Butters. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1912. url p. 129.
• Ornamental shrubs of the United States, hardy, cultivated. New YorkAmerican Book Co.[c1910] url p. 155.
• Plant culture; a working hand-book of every day practice for all who grow flowering and ornamental plants in the garden and greenhouse, by George W. Oliver. New York, A. T. De La Mare Printing and Publishing Co., c1912. url , p. 308, p. 312.
• Root-knot and its control. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1911. url p. 20.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 475.
• The Book of gardening; a handbook of horticulture. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1900. url .
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 872.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 25.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , p. 145, p. 242, p. 304.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 21, p. 252, p. 286, p. 396.
• The Glasgow naturalist. Glasgow, Andersonian Naturalists of Glasgow. url p. 152.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 42 1982 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 44, p. 65.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 17.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 326.
• The illustrated dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Ed. by George Nicholson. Assisted by Professor J. W. H. Trail and J. Garrett. London: L. U. Gill, [1884]-89. url p. 474.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2696, p. 3207, p. 3210.
• Trees and shrubs: an abridgment of the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum: containing the hardy trees and schrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described: with their propagation, cultu London: F. Warne & Co.; 1875. url .
• Trees and shrubs; an abridgment of the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture LondonF. Warne1875 url p. 300.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Taiwan Biodiversity Data for GBIF
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669442
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-744
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13684426
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:742160-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 35276
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505334
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SPCA10
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 63938

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Crinan Alexander "Spiraea". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 47. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Spiraea". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 62. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 282.100 meters (925.525 feet), Standard Deviation = 478.370 based on 482 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.