Sorbus aucuparia

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Has yellow fruit on a oval tree 30' tall with a spread of 20'.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Sorbus

Trees or shrubs , usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid , conical , or spindle-shaped , sometimes viscid ; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent . Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous , simple or pinnately compound , plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous , glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound , rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate , rarely obconical or urceolate . Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose , sometimes glandular along margin . Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length ; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive ; styles 2-5, free or partially connate , glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong , usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels , apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar , with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.Trees or shrubs, usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid, conical, or spindle-shaped, sometimes viscid; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous, simple or pinnately compound, plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound, rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate, rarely obconical or urceolate. Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose, sometimes glandular along margin. Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive; styles 2-5, free or partially connate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong, usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels, apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar, with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.

About 100 species: widely distributed throughout temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America; 67 species (43 endemic) in China.

Sorbus species are ornamental plants with attractive, large clusters of white flowers, and most bear colorful fruits. The fruits can be used for making jam, marmalade, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The wood is hard, heavy, and fine-grained, suitable for making furniture or small, carved articles.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Excellent for effect in fruit. Good performer in cold climates. As a smaller shade tree . Fruits attract birds. Specimen. • Liabilities: Stress predisposes the plant to disease and insect problems. Very susceptible to borers . Frequently develops fire blight . Other insect and disease pests include cankers , rusts, aphids, sawflies,. and scales . Often short-lived in the landscape. • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring .

Habitat

Zone 3.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,279 meters (0 to 10,758 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Prefers cool to cold climates best. Likes well-drained, loamy acidic soils. Avoid high pH soils. Avoid hot, dry locations. Avoid compacted soils and pollution . Full sun .

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3" of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 7 (>60 to 90 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Aucuparia sylvestris Medik. • Mespilus aucuparia (L.) Scop. • Pyrenia aucuparia Clairv. • Pyrus aucuparia (L.) Gaertn. • Pyrus aucuparia var. typica (C. K. Schneid.) Asch. & Graebn. • Sorbus aucuparia var. typica C. K. Schneid.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sorbus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 50 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. alnifolia (Korean Mountain Ash) · S. americana (American Mountain Ash) · S. aria (Chess-Apple) · S. aria 'Lutescens' (Whitebeam) · S. arnoldiana (Sorbus) · S. aucuparia (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia x intermedia (European Mountain-Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Asplenifolia' (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Fastigiata' (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Michred' (Cardinal Royal Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Pendula' (European Mountain Ash) · S. austriaca (Austrian Mountain Ash) · S. californica (California Mountain Ash) · S. cashmiriana (Kashmir Rowan) · S. commixta (Japanese Mountain Ash) · S. decora (Northern Mountain Ash) · S. discolor (Chinese Scarlet Rowan) · S. domestica (Jerusalem Pear) · S. dumosa (Arizona Mountain Ash) · S. groenlandica (Greenland Mountain Ash) · S. hibernica (Irish Whitebeam) · S. hupehensis (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis coral (Coral Fire Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis 'Coral Fire' (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis 'Pink Pagoda' (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hybrida (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) · S. latifolia (French Hales) · S. leighensis (Leigh Woods Whitebeam) · S. leyana (Ley's Whitebeam) · S. pohuashanensis (Mountain Ash) · S. prattii (Mountain Ash) · S. pseudofennica (Arran Service Tree) · S. reducta (Chinese Dwarf Mountain Ash) · S. rehderiana (Mountain Ash) · S. rufoferruginea 'Longwood Sunset' (Mountain Ash) · S. sambucifolia (Siberian Mountain Ash) · S. scopulina (Cascade Mountain-Ash) · S. sitchensis (Sitka Mountain-Ash) · S. thuringiaca (Mountainash) · S. torminalis (Checkertree) · S. × avonensis (Avon Gorge Whitebeam) · S. × houstoniae (Houston's Whitebeam) · S. x kewensis (Mountain Ash) · S. × proctoris (Proctor's Rowan) · S. × robertsonii (Robertson's Whitebeam) · S. x thuringiaca (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. x thuringiaca 'Fastigiata' (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. 'Ghose' (Naga Mountain Ash) · S. 'Joseph Rock' (Joseph Rock Mountain Ash)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A Manual of entomology, / tr. from the German of Dr. Herman Burmeister by W. E. Shuckard, with additions by the author, and original notes and plates by the translator. London: E. Churchton, 1836. url p. 544.
• A catalogue of the Coccidæ of the world. [By] Mrs. Maria E. Fernald, A.M. Amherst, Mass., Carpenter & Morehouse, 1903. url p. 225.
• A dictionary of scientific terms. By Richard D. Hoblyn. .. New York, D. Appleton and co.;1850. url p. 308.
• A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, chief United States Weather Bureau. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 229.
• A flora of the state of New-York: comprising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered in the state: with remarks on their economical and medicinal properties / by John Torrey. Albany: Carroll and Cook, printers to the Assembly, 1843. url p. 224.
• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 648.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 648.
• A handbook of systematic botany / by Dr. E. Warming with a revision of the fungi by Dr. E. Knoblauch, tr. and ed. by M. C. Potter. New York: Macmillan & Co., 1895. url p. 465.
• A handbook of systematic botany; with a revision of the fungi, by E. Knoblauch; tr. and ed. by M.C. Potter. London, Swan[1904] url p. 465.
• A history of British birds, indigenous and migratory: including their organization, habits, and relations; remarks on classification and nomenclature; an account of the principal organs of birds, and observations relative to practical ornithology. .. By William Macgillivray. .. London, Printed for Scott, Webster, and Geary, 1837-1852 url p. 121.
• A history of the birds of Europe: including all the species inhabiting the western palaearctic region / London: Published by the Author, 1871-1881. url p. 200, p. 98.
• A manual of agricultural chemistry, by Herbert Ingle. With 16 illustrations. London, Scott, Greenwood & son, 1913. url p. 192.
• A manual of the British Discomycetes with descriptions of all the species of fungi hitherto found in Britain, included in the family and illustrations of the genera, London, K. Paul, Trench, Tru?bner, 1893. url .
• A medical manual for Apothecaries' Hall and other medical boards / London: John Churchill, 1852. url p. 417.
• A monograph of the British Uredineae and Ustilagineae, with an account of their biology including the methods of observing the germination of their spores and of their experimental culture. London, Paul, Trench & Co., 1889. url .
• A monograph of the British phytophagous Hymenoptera. .. By Peter Cameron. London, Printed for the Ray Society, 1882-93. url p. 18, p. 200.
• A natural arrangement of British plants: according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c.. .. / with an introduction to botany. .. By Samuel Frederick Gray. .. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1821. url p. 563.
• A natural history of the British butterflies; their world-wide variation and geographical distribution. A text-book for students and collectors. London: E. Stock, [19--?] url p. 287.
• A partial list of plants available for various uses in general landscape planting, comp. by Albert D. Taylor. Cleveland, A.D. Taylor, c1916 url p. 34, p. 34.
• A practical handbook of trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials, by John Kirkegaard. Boston, Williams Bookstores Co., 1916. url p. 393.
• A report on the progress of vegetable physiology during the year 1837. Tr. from the German by William Francis. London, Taylor, 1839. url p. 114.
• A supplement to the Pharmacopia, and treatise on pharmacology in general: including not only the drugs and preparations used by practitioners of medicine, but also most of those employed in the chemical arts: together with a collection of the most useful medical formulæ. . by Samuel Frederic Gray. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1836. url p. 88.
• A topographical history of Staffordshire; including its agriculture, mines and manufactures. Memoirs of eminent natives; statistical tables; and every species of information connected with the local history of the county. With a succinct acco Comp. from the most authentic sources, by William Pitt. Newcastle-under-Lyme, Printed by and for J. Smith, 1817. url p. 581.
• A tour round North Wales, performed during the summer of 1798; containing not only the description and local history of the ocuntry but also, a sketch of the history of the Welsh bards; and essay on the language; observations on the manners and customs; and the h illus. with views in aquatinta by Alken. London: E. Williams, 1800. url p. 401.
• A treatise on the cultivation of ornamental flowers: comprising remarks on the requisite soil, sowing, transplanting, and general management: with directions for the general treatment of bulbous flower roots, green house plants, &c. By Roland Green. Boston, Press of I. R. Butts & Co., 1828. url p. 34.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url , p. 10, p. 100, p. 105, p. 11, p. 11, p. 11, p. 110, p. 114, p. 12, p. 12, p. 12, p. 121, p. 125, p. 127, p. 128, p. 129, p. 129, p. 13, p. 134, p. 138, p. 140, p. 140, p. 147, p. 148, p. 157, p. 16, p. 165, p. 165, p. 17, p. 18, p. 18, p. 180, p. 19, p. 20, p. 20, p. 21, p. 217, p. 22, p. 22, p. 222, p. 227, p. 23, p. 24, p. 25, p. 26, p. 27, p. 29, p. 29, p. 30, p. 30, p. 32, p. 389, p. 40, p. 42, p. 44, p. 48, p. 49, p. 50, p. 51, p. 53, p. 56, p. 6, p. 62, p. 64, p. 65, p. 69, p. 74, p. 77, p. 8, p. 83, p. 88.
• American forestry. Washington, D.C.: American Forestry Association, 1910-1923. url .
• American forests. Washington [etc.]American Forestry Association [etc.] url p. 762.
• American horticultural manual. .. By J.L. Budd. .. assisted by N.E. Hansen. .. Illustrated. .. New York, J. Wiley & sons; [etc., etc.]1902-1903. url p. 337.
• American horticultural manual. .. New York, J. Wiley & Sons; [etc., etc.]1902-03. url .
• American horticultural manual. New York, Wiley, 1914. url p. 337.
• American horticultural manual... By J.L. Budd...assisted by N.E. Hansen...Illustrated... New York: J. Wiley & sons; [etc., etc.], 1902-1903. url p. 337.
• An accentuated list of the British Lepidoptera, with hints on the derivation of the names. Published by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and Cambridge. London, J. Van Voorst, 1858. url .
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 62.
• An encyclopaedia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. London, Printed for Longman, Ross, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1828. url p. 903, p. 978.
• An encyclopaedia of trees and shrubs: being the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum abridged: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture, by J. C. Loudon. London: F. Warne; 1869. url p. 441.
• An encyclopædia of agriculture comprising the theory and practice of the valuation, transfer, laying out, improvement, and management of landed property, and the cultivation and economy of the animal and vegetable productions of ag by J.C. Loudon London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1831 url .
• An encyclopædia of agriculture: comprising the theory and practice of the valuation, transfer, laying out, improvement, and management of landed property, and of the cultivation and economy of the animal and vegetable productions of by J.C. Loudon. London: Longmans, Green, 1871. url p. 1289.
• An encyclopædia of gardening; comprising the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture, and landscape-gardening, including all the latest improvements; a general history of gardening in all countries; and a By J.C. Loudon. .. illustrated with many hundred engravings on wood by Branston. London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827. url p. 903, p. 978.
• An historical, geographical, commercial, and philosophical view of the United States of America, and of the European settlements in America and the West-Indies / by W. Winterbotham. New-York: Printed by Tiebout and O'Brien, for J. Reid, 1796. url p. 388.
• An historical, topographical, and statistical view of the United States of America: from the earliest period to the present time / by the Rev. William Winterbotham and others. London: J. Ridgway, 1819. url p. 392.
• An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, pref. 1878. url p. 308.
• An illustration of the sexual system of Linnaeus / by Iohn Miller. London: The author, 1779-89. url p. 82.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 159, p. 188, p. 324.
• Annals of the Entomological Society of America. [College Park, Md., etc.]: Entomological Society of America. url p. 156, p. 500.
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 270.
• Annual report / New York State Museum. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, c1904-1920. url p. 219.
• Annual report of the Nebraska State Horticultural Society. Lincoln, Neb.: The Society. url p. 259.
• Annual report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station / State of New York, Dept. of Agriculture. Albany: J.B. Lyon Co., 1911- url p. 260.
• Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 151, p. 34, p. 83.
• Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: Der Akademie, 1864-1914. url p. 162, p. 162.
• Archiv for mathematik og naturvidenskab. Oslo [etc.]O. Norlis [etc.] url p. 95.
• Arctic zoology London: Printed by Henry Hughes, 1784. url .
• Arctic zoology. .. London: Printed by Henry Hughs, 1784-1785. url p. CXV.
• Arctic zoology. London: Printed by Henry Hughs, 1784-85. url .
• Beautiful home surroundings / Framingham Nurseries. Framingham, Mass.: Framingham Nurseries, 1921. url p. 43.
• Beautiful home surroundings. Framingham, Mass., Framingham nurseries, c1918 url p. 39, p. 43.
• Bibliographical contributions from the Lloyd library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio, Lloyd Library. url p. 644.
• Biltmore Nursery, Biltmorse, N.C. [North Carolina?: The Nursery?], c1912 url p. 40.
• Biological effects of radiation; mechanism and measurement of radiation, applications in biology, photochemical reactions, effects of radiant energy on organisms and organic products. Edited by Benjamin M. Duggar. With the cooperation of Janet Howell Clark, Kenneth S. Cole, Farrington Daniels [and others] New York andMcGraw-Hill Book Co., 1936. url p. 823.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 185, p. 364, p. 413, p. 416, p. 421, p. 424, p. 426, p. 428, p. 454.
• Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 182, p. 75.
• Birds of New York / by Elon Howard Eaton. Albany: University of the State of New York, 1910-1914. url p. 57, p. 57.
• Birds of New York, Albany, University of the State of New York, 1910-14. url .
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 143, p. 98.
• Botanical microtechnique, a hand-book of methods for the preparation, standing, and microscopical investigation of vegetable structures; tr. from the German by James Ellis Humphrey. New York, Holt, 1893. url , , .
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url , p. 182, p. 189, p. 381, p. 459, p. 46, p. 461, p. 88, p. 93.
• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url , , , , , p. 103, p. 129, p. 172, p. 18, p. 222, p. 78.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 460, p. 461.
• Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Amherst, : Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, 1907-1974. url p. 178, p. 63, p. 76.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 15.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 331, p. 44, p. 459, p. 473.
• Bulletin / Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. [S.l.: s.n.], 1888- url p. 225.
• Bulletin / Ohio Biological Survey. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1913- url p. 186.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1916. url p. 38, p. 84.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 77.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 7 1909-1911 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 414, p. 445, p. 480.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 55, p. 65.
• Calcutta journal of natural history, and miscellany of the arts and sciences in India. Calcutta, Bishop's College Press. url p. 64.
• Carotenoids, their comparative biochemistry. New York, Chemical Pub. Co., 1954. url p. 338.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 186.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 765, p. 766.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 158, p. 18, p. 195, p. 247, p. 474, p. 70, p. 799, p. 857, p. 887.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 18, p. 195, p. 247, p. 474, p. 70, p. 799, p. 887.
• Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with biological and anatomical references, lists of foodplants and parasites, etc. prefaced by a discussion on nomenclature, and an analytical table of families, by G. W. Kirkaldy. Berlin, F. L. Dames, 1909- url p. 147.
• Catalogue of the books, manuscripts, maps and drawings in the British Museum (Natural History) London: BM(NH), 1903-1940. url p. 1022.
• Catalogue of the library of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University / compiled under the direction of Charles Sprague Sargent by Ethelyn Maria Tucker. Cambridge: Printed at the Cosmos Press, 1914-1933. url p. 309.
• Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 7.
• Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Washington, D.C.: The Bureau, 1904-1913. url p. 8.
• Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the phanerogams and ferns / by A. de Bary; translated and annotated by F.O. Bower and D.H. Scott; with 241 woodcuts and an index. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884. url p. 112.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url , , , , , , .
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 867.
• Cryptogamic plants of the USSR. (Flora sporovykh rastenii SSSR) Translated from Russian. Jerusalem[Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 19 - url p. 32, p. 421, p. 422.
• Cultures of Uredineae 1899-1921. n.p., n.d. url p. 165, p. 211, p. 217.
• Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup / revised by J. Lind. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske boghandel, 1913. url p. 135, p. 161, p. 172, p. 181, p. 208, p. 213, p. 240, p. 244, p. 248, p. 249, p. 287, p. 298, p. 382, p. 386, p. 393, p. 426, p. 430, p. 433, p. 455, p. 461, p. 491, p. 550.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 375.
• Descriptive notes on the topography and vegetation of some localities visited by the excursion in Denmark arranged for the members of l'Association internationale des botanistes, June 22nd-July 3rd, 1 Ed. by the Dansk botanisk forening. København, Dansk botanisk forenings forlag, 1913. url p. 20.
• Dictionary of biological equivalents, German-English, by Ernst Artschwager. .. Baltimore, The Williams & Wilkins company, 1930. url p. 64.
• Die Forstwirtschaft nach rein praktischer Ansicht / Leipzig: Baumga?rtner's Buchhandlung, 1870. url .
• Diseases of cultivated plants and trees / by George Massee. New York: Macmillan, [1910?] url p. 601.
• Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by David Brewster. .. with the assistance of gentlemen eminent in science and literature. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1830. url p. 228, p. 494.
• English botany, or, coloured figures of British plants / edited by John T. Boswell Syme; the popular portion by Mrs. Lankester; the figures by J. Sowerby, J. de C. Sowerby, J.W. Salter, and John Edward Sowerby. London: G. Bell, 1873. url p. 248.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 17, p. 36.
• Essays in geobotany in honor of William Albert Setchell, edited by T.H. Goodspeed. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1936. url p. 5.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 371, p. 546, p. 56, p. 601, p. 803, p. 998.
• Farlowia: a journal of cryptogamic botany. Cambridge, Mass., 1943-1955. url .
• Farmers' bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington: G.P.O., 1889- url , p. 10.
• Field manual of trees; including southern Canada and the northern United States to the southern boundary of Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri, westward to the limits of the prairie, by John H. Schaffner. Columbus, Ohio, R. G. Adams, 1922. url p. 60.
• Fifth report of the United States Entomological Commission, being a revised and enlarged edition of Bulletin no. 7, on insects injurious to forest and shade trees. By Alpheus S. Packard. .. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1890. url p. 538.
• Finland: its forests and forest management. Compiled by John Croumbie Brown. .. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd;1883. url p. 177, p. 181.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 234, p. 236, p. 239.
• Flora boreali-Americana, or, The botany of the northern parts of British America compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. to which are added (by permission of by Sir William Jackson Hooker. London: H.G. Bohn, 1840. url .
• Flora hibernica, comprising the flowering plants, ferns, Characeæ, Musci, Hepaticæ, Lichenes and Algæ of Ireland, arranged according to the natural system with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnæan system, by James Townsend Mackay. Dublin, Simpkin, Marshall and co.; [etc., etc.]1836. url p. 108.
• Flora hibernica: comprising the flowering plants, ferns, Characeæ, Musci, Hepaticæ, Lichenes and Algæ of Ireland: arranged according to the natural system with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnæan system by James Townsend Mackay. Dublin: W. Curry jun., 1836. url p. 108.
• Flora of Guernsey and the lesser Channel Islands: namely, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, and the adjacent islets. London, Dulau, 1901. url p. 266.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 121.
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 413, p. 53, p. 596, p. 84.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 215, p. 240, p. 286, p. 287, p. 290, p. 292.
• Flora scotica, or, A description of Scottish plants arranged both according to the artificial and natural methods: in two parts / by William Jackson Hooker. .. Edinburgh: A. Constable, 1821. url p. 151.
• Floral emblems / by Henry Phillips. .. London: Printed for Saunders and Otley. .., 1825. url p. 253.
• Florula Bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1840. url p. 207.
• Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, principal synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and occasional remarks. Boston, C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1840. url p. 207.
• Forest leaves. A practical work on the propagation and management of trees for forest and ornamental planting. With a descriptive list of varieties. By W.W. Johnson. .. Chicago, J.J. Spalding & co., printers, 1884. url p. 40.
• Forestry in Norway: with notices of the physical geography of the country. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd, 1884. url .
• Forestry quarterly. Ithaca N.Y. [etc.] url p. 247.
• Forestry quarterly. Ithaca, N.Y. [etc.] url p. 247.
• Forestry. London: W. Rider, [1883-1886]. url p. 425.
• Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. url p. 291.
• Gray's Botanical text-book New York, Ivison, 1879-1885. url p. 144.
• Gray's Botanical text-book. New York: American Book Company, c1879. url p. 144.
• Gray's Lessons in botany and vegetable physiology: illustrated by over 360 wood engravings from original drawings by Isaac Sprague: to which is added a copious glossary, or dictionary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1877, c1868. url p. 161.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1992 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 1335, p. 543, p. 888.
• Grevillea. London: Williams and Norgate; 1872-1894. url p. 27.
• Ground beetles (Carabidae) of Fennoscandia: a zoogeographic study / by Carl H. Lindroth; Joachim Adis, scientific editor. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, 1989- url p. 368, p. 369, p. 684.
• Growth of plants; twenty years' research at Boyce Thompson Institute. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1948. url p. 100, p. 130, p. 134, p. 457, p. 87, p. 88, p. 99.
• Handbook of British fungi: with full descriptions of all the species, and illustrations of the genera / by M.C. Cooke. London: Macmillan, 1871. url p. 448.
• Hooker, W. J. Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America: compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson &amp; Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London, ) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists /by Sir William Jackson Hooker. 1 1840 London, H.G. Bohn [1829]-1840. url p. 204.
• Hortus lignosus londinensis: or, A catalogue of all the ligneous plants, indigenous and foreign, hardy and half-hardy, cultivated in the gardens and grounds in the neighbourhood of London: with all their synonymes, scientific and By J. C. Loudon. London, The author, 1838. url p. 51.
• Humboldt; Monatsschrift für die gesamten Naturwissenschaften. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1882-90. url p. 177, p. 288, p. 300, p. 320.
• Ibis. [London]Published for the British Ornithologists' Union by Academic Press. url .
• Iconographic encyclopaedia of science, literature, and art. systematically arranged by J.G. Heck. Translated from the German, with additions, and edited by Spencer F. Baird. .. illustrated by five hundred steel plates, containing upwards to twelve thousand en New York, R. Garrigue, 1851. url p. 11.
• Identification of the economic woods of the United States, including a discussion of the structural and physical properties of wood, New York, John Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]1919. url , p. 134.
• Illustrations of British ornithology / Edinburgh: Hurst, Robinson & Co., 1825-1833. url p. 88.
• Injurious and beneficial insects of California. / By E. O. Essig. Sacramento, California state printing office, 1915 url p. 16.
• Insects affecting park and woodland trees / by Ephraim Porter Felt. Albany: New York State Education Dept., 1905-1906. url p. 219.
• International Congress of Arts and Science. London: University Alliance, [1908] url p. 189.
• Introduction to botany, containing an explanation of the theory of that science, extracted from the works of Linnaeus, ed. by C. Stewart. Edinburgh, Bell, 1811. url p. 291, p. 306.
• Introduction to plant geography and some related sciences. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1960. url p. 630.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 456, p. 463, p. 464, p. 471, p. 481, p. 482, p. 501, p. 503, p. 506, p. 507, p. 549, p. 550, p. 570, p. 589, p. 834.
• Journal of economic entomology. [College Park, Md., etc.]Entomological Society of America [etc.] url , p. 159, p. 257, p. 430, p. 519, p. 96.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 38 1937 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url .
• Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London: The Society, 1866-1975. url p. 239.
• Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. Truro, Eng., Workers of Cornwall Ltd. url p. 121, p. 166, p. 167, p. 188, p. 261, p. 298, p. 56, p. 57.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 995.
• Kalm's account of his visit to England: on his way to America in 1748 / London; Macmillan, 1892. url .
• La botanique en Provence au 16e siècle. Léonard Rauwolff, Jacques Raynaudet. MarseilleH. Aubertin & G. Rolle1900 url p. 50.
• Landscape garden series, ed. by Ralph Rodney Root. Davenport, Ia.: The Garden Press, [1921] url p. 13.
• Landscape reclamation: a report on research into problems of reclaiming derelict land, by a research team of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. GuildfordIPC Science and Technology Press1971- url p. 110, p. 112, p. 89, p. 93.
• Landscaping your home / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1975. url p. 223.
• Landscaping your home / William R. Nelson, Jr. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1975. url p. 223.
• Lectures on plant physiology / by Ludwig Jost; authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 418.
• Lectures on plant physiology / translated by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 418.
• Lectures on plant physiology. Authorized English translation by R.J. Harvey Gibson. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1907. url p. 418.
• Letters on the elements of botany, addressed to a lady, by the celebrated J.J. Rousseau. Translated into English, with notes, and twenty-four additional letters, fully explaining the system of Linnaeus, by Thomas Martyn. London, B. and J. White, 1796. url , p. 291.
• Letters on the elements of botany. Addressed to a lady. By the celebrated J.J. Rousseau. Translated into English, with notes, and twenty-four additional letters, fully explaining the system of Linnaeus, by Thomas Martyn. London, B. White, 1787. url , p. 292.
• Letters on the elements of botany: addressed to a lady / by the celebrated J.J. Rousseau; translated into English, with notes, and twenty-four additional letters, fully explaining the system of Linnaeus, by Thomas Martyn. London: Printed for B. White and Son, 1791. url , p. 291.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 16, p. 43, p. 46, p. 48, p. 50, p. 54, p. 58, p. 61, p. 66, p. 67, p. 71, p. 72, p. 72, p. 8.
• MAB Biosphere Reserves: Site Descriptions, post compilation 5 (October 1990) UNESCO MAB Programme url .
• Manual of plant diseases, Wilkes-Barré, Pa., The Record press, c1914-22 url p. 863, p. 864.
• Manual of plant diseases, by Paul Sorauer. Wilkes-Barré, Pa.The Record Press, c1914-22 url p. 863, p. 864.
• Manual of the botany of the northern United States: including the district east of the Mississippi and north of North Carolina and Tennessee, arranged according to the natural system / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Phinney, Blakeman, 1868, c1867. url p. 161.
• Manual of the natural history, geology, and physics of Greenland, and the neighboring regions: prepared for the use of the Arctic Expedition of 1875, under the direction of the Arctic Committee of the Royal Society, for the use of the expedition; published by authority of the Lords Commissione London: H.M. Stationery Off., printed by G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode, 1875. url p. 471.
• Marcellia. New York [etc.]Pergamon Press [etc.] url p. 13, p. 147, p. 182, p. 40, p. 67.
• Martin's Natural history / Translated from the thirty-fifth German edition, by Sarah A. Myers; containing two hundred and sixty-two beautifully colored illustrations; First [and second] series. New York: Phinney, Blakeman & Mason, 1861- url p. 267.
• Meddelelser om Grønland. København, C. A. Reitzels Forlag, 1879-1979. url p. 12.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 222, p. 375.
• Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society. Manchester: The Society, 1888-1980. url p. 25.
• Micro-organisms and fermentation; translated by S.H. Davies. London, Griffin, 1911. url p. 100.
• Minnesota trees and shrubs: an illustrated manual of the native and cultivated woody plants of the State / Frederic E. Clements, C. Otto Rosendahl, Frederic K. Butters. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1912. url p. 150.
• Miscellaneous tracts relating to natural history, husbandry, and physick. To which is added The calendar of flora. London: R. and J. Dodsley, S. Baker, and T. Payne, 1762. url p. 270, p. 295, p. 300, p. 303, p. 313.
• Monograph of the British Cicadae or Tettigidae. By George Bowdler Buckton. .. London, Macmillan & Co., 1890-91. url p. 148.
• Monograph of the Coccidæ of the British Isles. By Robert Newstead. London, Printed for the Ray society, 1901-03. url p. 179, p. 267.
• Mémoires. Bruxelles, The Society. url p. 22, p. 7, p. 9, p. 93.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url , p. 263.
• Natural history of New York. Albany: D. Appleton: 1842-1894. url p. 224, p. 224.
• Nature. London, etc., Macmillan Journals Ltd., etc. url p. 507.
• North American trees (exclusive of Mexico and tropical United States) A handbook designed for field use, with plates and distribution maps. Ames, Iowa State University Press[1961] url p. 249.
• North Atlantic biota and their history; a symposium held at the University of Iceland, Reykjavík, July 1962, under the auspices of the University of Iceland and the Museum of Natural History. Editors: Askell Löve and Doris Löve. Sponsored Oxford, New York, Pergamon Press, 1963 url p. 113.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 4 1907 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 169.
• Occasional papers of the Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany. 15 1980 Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany. url p. 96.
• Pathological plant anatomy, n.p., 1915 url .
• Philosophical magazine. London: Taylor & Francis. url p. 20, p. 469.
• Physiological botany; I. Outlines of the histology of phaenogamous plants; II. Vegetable physiology. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, [c1885] url p. 144.
• Plant anatomy from the standpoint of the development and functions of the tissues, and handbook of micro-technic, by William Chase Stevens. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston, 1910. url p. 373.
• Plant growth regulation. Ames, Iowa State University Press[1961] url p. 849.
• Plant health care for woody ornamentals: a professional's guide to preventing and managing environmental stresses and pests / [Urbana, Ill.]: Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, c1997. url p. 191.
• Plants for California landscapes: a catalog of drought tolerant plants. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, [1979] url p. 33.
• Plants in Danger: what do we know? IUCN url p. 166.
• Postilla. 1979 New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, [1950?]-c2004. url p. 14.
• Potter's cyclopaedia of botanical drugs and preparations / by R.C. Wren. London: Potter & Clarke, [1915] url p. 189, p.
• Potter's cyclopedia of botanical drugs and preparations / by R. C. Wren. London: Potter & Clarke, [1900-1950?]. url p. 105, p.
• Practical plant propagation; an exposition of the art and science of increasing plants as practiced by the nurseryman, florist and gardener, by Alfred C. Hottes. New York, A. T. De La Mare company, inc., 1922. url p. 215.
• Principles of plant physiology, by Oran Raber. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1938. url p. 136.
• Principles of scientific botany, or, Botany as an inductive science by Dr. J.M. Schleiden. .. translated by Edwin Lankester. .. London: Printed for Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1849 url p. 271, p. 614.
• Proceedings and transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society. London, British Entomological and Natural History Society. url , , , p. 10, p. 12, p. 17, p. 17, p. 20, p. 21, p. 34, p. 36, p. 41, p. 70, p. 71, p. 73, p. 8, p. 94.
• Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society url p. 111, p. 111, p. 112, p. 112, p. 72, p. 72, p. 81, p. 81.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 362, p. 39, p. 40, p. 498, p. 53.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 239.
• Proceedings of the Section of Sciences. Amsterdam url p. 517.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 7 1884 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 532, p. 656, p. 764.
• Proceedings of the section of sciences / Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, [1899-1937]. url p. 517, p. 690, p. 691.
• Proceedings. Dorchester [etc.] url p. 77.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 133, p. 157, p. 164, p. 168, p. 188, p. 23, p. 55, p. 8.
• Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic expedition in the "Fram" 1898-1902. .. Kristiania, In commission by T. O. Brøgger, 1907-1919. url .
• Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url p. 15, p. 15.
• Report of the State Entomologist of Connecticut for the year. .. New Haven, [1902- url p. 366.
• Report of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the "Fram", 1898-1902. Published by Videnskabs-selskabet i Kristiania, at the expense of the Fridjof Nansen Fund for the Advancement of Science. KristianiaT.O. Brøgger1907-19 url .
• Report on the forests of North America (exclusive of Mexico) / by Charles S. Sargent. Washington [D.C.]: G.P.O., 1884. url p. 241, p. 607, p. 73, p. 74.
• Report: . .. Washington, Blair & Rives, printers, 1838 url p. 90.
• Reports and papers on botany. London: Printed for the Ray society, 1846-49. url p. 439, p. 456.
• Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 150.
• Rust, smut, mildew & mould; an introduction to the study of microscopic fungi / by M.C. Cooke; illustrated with 269 coloured figures by J.E. Sowerby. 1898 London: W.H. Allen, 1898. url p. 19.
• Science progress in the twentieth century: a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought. London: John Murray, 1906-1916. url p. 340.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 906.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 55, p. 65.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 30 1887 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 188, p. 189.
• Southern wild flowers and trees, together with shrubs, vines and various forms of growth found through the mountains, the middle district and the low country of the South, by Alice Lounsberry, with plates, vignettes and diagrams by Mrs. E. Rowan, with an introduction by C. D. Beadle. New York, Stokes[1901] url p. 246.
• Special papers / Ohio Academy of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio: The Academy, 1899-1929. url p. 151.
• Spixiana. München: Zoologische Staatssammlung München, 1977- url p. 258.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 288.
• Strasburger's Text-book of botany. Rewritten by Dr. Hans Fitting. .. Dr. Ludwig Jost. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck. .. Dr. George Karsten. London, Macmillan, 1921. url p. 319.
• Studies in French forestry, by Theodore S. Woolsey, jr. with two chapters by William B. Greeley. New York, Wiley, 1920. url p. 407, p. 407.
• Studies in French forestry, with two chapters by William B. Greeley. New YorkWiley1920 url p. 407.
• Supplemental register of written communications published in the Transactions and Proceedings of the American philosophical society, 1881-1889. Comp. by Henry Phillips, jr., one of the secretaries of the society. Philadelphia, Press of MacCalla & co., 1889. url p. 111, p. 112, p. 72, p. 81.
• Sylva florifera: the shrubbery historically and botanically treated: with observations on the formation of ornamental plantations, and picturesque scenery / by Henry Phillips. .. London: Printed for Longmans, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown [by A. & R. Spottiswoode], 1823. url p. 83.
• Technical mycology, the utilization of micro-organisms in the arts and manufactures, with an introduction by E.C. Hansen, tr. by Charles T.C. Salter. London, Griffin, 1910- url p. 305.
• Technical mycology; the utilization of micro-organisms in the arts and manufactures. A practical handbook on fermentation and fermentative processes, for the use of brewers and distillers, analysts, technical and agricultural chemists, pharmacists, and all interested in the industries London: C. Griffin, 1910-1911. url p. 305.
• Technical series. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1895-1915. url p. 159.
• Text-book of the diseases of trees / by Professor R. Hartig; Translated by William Somerville; revised and edited with a preface, by H. Marshall Ward. London; Macmillan, 1894. url p. 315.
• Text-book of the diseases of trees, tr. by W. Somerville, ed. with a preface by H. Marshall Ward. London, Newnes[1894] url p. 315.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 1112.
• The American gardener's assistant in three parts containing complete practical directions for the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit trees and grape vines / by Thomas Bridgeman Philadelphia: H. T. Coates, [c1866] url p. 48, p. 48.
• The American gardener's calendar; adapted to the climates and seasons of the United States. Containing a complete account of all the work necessary to be done. .. for every month in the year; with ample practical directions for performing the same. .. By Bernard M'Mahon. Philadelphia, Printed by B. Graves, no. 40, North Fourth-Street, for the author, 1806. url p. 588.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 270, p. 270, p. 270, p. 354.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 520.
• The Canadian entomologist. Ottawa [etc.]Entomological Society of Canada [etc.] url p. 176, p. 176.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 259, p. 506, p. 677, p. 679, p. 754.
• The Catholic yearbook: comprehending, the circle of the seasons and key to the calendar and almanac, or the natural history, religious festivals and miscellaneous customs of the whole year adapted for all succeeding years; [by Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster] London: Keating and Brown, 1833. url p. 165.
• The English flora. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, [1828-30] url p. 365.
• The Entomologist's annual. London: John Van Voorst, 1855-1874. url p. 146, p. 16, p. 91.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] url p. 117, p. 199, p. 230.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url , , , , p. 106, p. 12, p. 125, p. 167, p. 172, p. 173, p. 173, p. 174, p. 175, p. 179, p. 180, p. 182, p. 192, p. 193, p. 194, p. 198, p. 203, p. 204, p. 207, p. 210, p. 211, p. 220, p. 236, p. 237, p. 238, p. 246, p. 260, p. 272, p. 281, p. 306, p. 31, p. 31, p. 41, p. 42, p. 8, p. 88, p. 96.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1077, p. 248, p. 349, p. 381, p. 388, p. 569, p. 667, p. 885, p. 953.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 70.
• The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. Philadelphia, Pa.: Charles H. Marot, 1876-1888. url p. 184, p. 313.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , p. 182, p. 22, p. 226, p. 246, p. 293, p. 471, p. 56, p. 560, p. 640, p. 67.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 42 1982 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 43, p. 65.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. url p. 191.
• The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book IUCN url p. 603.
• The International Phytogeographical Excursion in the British Isles (1911): a record and some notes by various phytogeographers who took part in the excursion. Cambridge: New phytologist, 1913. url p. 49.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 289, p. 402, p. 419, p. 478.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 50, p. 77.
• The London and Edinburgh philosophical magazine and journal of science. London: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1832-1840. url p. 157.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 283.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 283.
• The Naturalist. 1898 [Doncaster: Yorkshire Naturalists' Union], 1874- url p. 186.
• The New England farmer. Boston: Thomas W. Shepard, 1822-1835. url p. 226.
• The North American Pyrenomycetes. A contribution to mycologic botany, by J. B. Ellis and B. M. Everhart. With original illustrations by F. W. Anderson. Newfield, N. J., Ellis & Everhart, 1892. url p. 623.
• The North American sylva, or, A description of the forest trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia, not described in the work of F. Andrew Michaux and containing all the forest trees discovered in the Rocky Mountains, the territory of Oregon, down to the shores of the Pacific and into the confines of California, as well as in various parts of th New York: G.P. Putnam, 1849. url .
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 158, p. 211, p. 35, p. 432, p. 506.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 307, p. 312, p. 397, p. 406, p. 407, p. 606, p. 662, p. 684, p. 715, p. 727, p. 762, p. 786, p. 818.
• The San Jose or Chinese scale. Washington, Gov't print. off., 1906. url p. 38, p. 81, p. 84.
• The San José scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst.) and methods of treatment. A. E. Stene. Joint bulletin of the State board of agriculture and Extension department of the Rhode Island college of agriculture and mechanic arts. 1908. Providence, 1908 url p. 28.
• The Universal herbal; or, Botanical, medical, and agricultural dictionary; containing an account of all the known plants in the world, arranged according to the Linnean system. Specifying the uses to which they are or may be applied, whether as food, as medicine, or in the a London, Caxton Press[1824] url p. 296, p. 314, p. 857, p. 860.
• The World List of Threatened Trees WCMC, IUCN url p. 520.
• The botany of Iceland, edited by L. Kolderup Rosenvinge and Eug. Warming. Copenhagen, J. Frimodt, 1912- url p. 314.
• The care of trees in lawn, street and park. With a list of trees and shrubs for decorative use. New YorkHolt1910 url p. 263.
• The code of agriculture; including observations on gardens, orchards, woods and plantations; with an account of all recent improvements in the management of arable and grass land. By John Sinclair. London, Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper, 1832. url p. 484.
• The coleoptera of the British Islands, a descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habitats, etc. London, Reeve, 1887-91. url p. 318.
• The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url p. 117, p. 117, p. 163, p. 163.
• The complete home landscape, by Arthur J. Jennings, in collaboration with Leonard H. Johnson. New York, A. T. De La Mare, 1924. url p. 121.
• The continental element in the flora of south Sweden by Rikard Sterner. Stockholm: Centraltryckeriet, 1922. url p. 431.
• The elements of British forestry, a handbook for forest apprentices and students of forestry, by John Nisbet. .. Edinburgh, W. Blackwood and Sons[1911] url p. 5.
• The flora of Oxfordshire and its contiguous counties: (comprising the flowering plants only;) arranged in easy and familiar language according to the Linnaean and natural systems; preceded by an introduction to botany / Oxford: H. Slatter, 1833. url p. 137, p. 137, p. 315, p. 315.
• The florist's guide; containing practical directions for the cultivation of annual, biennial, and perennial flowering plants, of different classes, herbaceous and shrubby, bulbous, fibrous, and tuberous-rooted; including By T. Bridgeman. New York: Printed by A. Hanford, 1847. url p. 44.
• The game birds and wild fowl of Sweden and Norway; with an account of the seals and salt-water fishes of those countries. .. By L. Lloyd. .. London, F. Warne and co., 1867. url p. 598.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url , p. 235, p. 410, p. 595.
• The industries of Japan: together with an account of its agriculture, forestry, arts and commerce / J.J. Rein. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1889. url p. 222.
• The insect and other allied pests of orchard, bush and hothouse fruits and their prevention and treatment / by Fred V. Theobald. Wye, Eng.: Published by the author, 1909. url p. 136.
• The kitchen and fruit gardener: a select manual of kitchen gardening, and culture of fruits, containing familiar directions for the most approved practice in each department. Descriptions of many valuable fruits, and a calendar of w Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1844. url p. 107.
• The landscape gardening book, wherein are set down the simple laws of beauty and utility which should guide the development of all grounds, by Grace Tabor. New York, R. M. McBride, 1916. url p. 70.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. url p. 309, p. 522, p. 523, p. 832.
• The natural history & antiquities of Selborne in the county of Southampton, by Gilbert White, with illustrations in colour by George Edward Collins... London: Macmillan and co., limited, 1911. url p. 394.
• The natural history and antiquities of Northumberland and so much of the county of Durham as lies between the rivers Tyne and Tweed; commonly called North Bishoprick. LondonPrinted for the author by W. and W. Strahan, sold by S. Bladon1769 url p. 58.
• The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; Dublin, Blackie & son, limited, 1902. url , .
• The natural history of plants. By H. Baillon. Tr. by Marcus M. Hartog. London, L. Reeve & co., 1871-88. url p. 438, p. 445.
• The natural history of plants. Translated by Marcus M. Hartog. LondonL. Reeve1871- url p. 438.
• The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun by F. W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. London, Blackie, 1894-1895. url p. 559, p. 976.
• The natural history of the Tineina. .. By H. T. Stainton, assisted by Professor Zeller and J. W. Douglas. London, J. Van Voorst; [etc., etc.]1855-73. url p. 196, p. 197, p. 20, p. 252, p. 254, p. 28, p. 28, p. 29, p. 29.
• The new American gardener, containing practical directions on the culture of fruits and vegetables; including landscape and ornamental gardening, grape-vines, silk, strawberries, &c. &c. Boston: Otis, Broaders, 1847. url p. 123.
• The new American orchardist; or, An account of the most valuable varieties of fruit, of all climates, adapted to cultivation in the United States; with their history, modes of culture, management, uses, &c. With an appendix on ve By William Kenrick. Boston, Otis, Broaders, & co., 1844. url p. 383.
• The organic constituents of higher plants: their chemistry and interrelationships. With contributions by Ernest Sondheimer. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1963] url p. 39.
• The parks, promenades, & gardens of Paris, described and considered in relation to the wants of our own cities, and the public and private gardens. London, J. Murray.1869. url , .
• The planter's kalendar; or, The nurseryman's & forester's guide, in the operations of the nursery, the forest, and the grove. By the late Walter Nicol. Ed. and completed by Edward Sang. Dublin: John Cumming, Dublin1812. url p. 77.
• The plants of Prince Edward Island / Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1985. url p. 168.
• The quantitative method in biology, London, Longmans, Green & co., 1919 url .
• The quantitative method in biology. Manchester [Eng.]University Press1919 url p. 93.
• The reason why: a careful collection of many hundreds of reasons for things which, though generally believed, are imperfectly understood. A book of condensed scientific knowledge. .. By the author of "Inquire within". New York, Dick & Fitzgerald[1867?] url p. 313.
• The silva of North America a description of the tree which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico / by Charles Sprague Sargent; illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. Boston;Houghton, Mifflin, 1902 url .
• The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 14 1902 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url p. 101, p. 140, p. 147, p. 69, p. 79, p. 80, p. 81.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 373.
• The timbers of commerce and their identification, London, W. Rider & son, limited, 1918. url , .
• The translocation of solutes in plants: a critical consideration of evidence bearing upon solute movement / by Otis F. Curtis. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1935. url p. 34.
• The trees of America: native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described...illustrated by numerous engravings. By D. J. Browne. New York: Harper & brothers, 1851. url p. 325.
• The trees of America; native and foreign, pictorially and botanically delineated, and scientifically and popularly described, illustrated by numerous engravings. By D. J. Browne. New York, Harper & brothers, 1857. url p. 325, p. 326.
• The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian frontiers (the Sayansk region) [Trondhjem]K. Norske Videnskabers Selskab[1921] url .
• The woodland companion: or, A brief description of British trees. With some account of their uses. Illustrated by plates. Compiled by the author of Evenings at home. London: Printed for J. Johnson, 1802. url p. 48.
• The young gardener's assistant, in three parts containing catalogues of garden and flower seed, New York, For sale by the author and E. Walker [etc., 1847] url p. 44.
• The young gardener's assistant: containing a catalogue of garden & flower seeds, with practical directions under each head for the cultivation of culinary vegetables and flowers; also directions for cultivating fruit trees, the gra by T. Bridgeman. New York: [s.n.], 1840 url p. 161.
• The young gardener's assistant; containing a catalogue of garden & flower seeds, with practical directions under each head, for the cultivation of culinary vegetables and flowers. Also directions for cultivating fruit trees, the gra New York, Mitchell & Turner, 1837. url p. 142.
• Timber technicalities: being definitions of terms used in the home and foreign timber, mahogany and hardwood industries, the sawmill and woodworking trades, as well as those employed in connection with architecture and buil London: W. Rider[1921] url p. 159, p. 86.
• Torrey, J. & A. Gray A flora of North America: containing abridged descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing north of Mexico, arranged according to the natural system /by John Torrey and Asa Gray. New York: Wiley &amp; Putnam, 1838-[1843]. url p. 472, p. 472.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 113, p. 113, p. 47, p. 74.
• Tracts relative to botany, tr. from different languages. Illustrated by nine copper plates, and occasional remarks. London, Printed by Phillips and Fardon [etc.]1805. url p. 53, p. 61.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 45, p. 45, p. 45.
• Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. London, The Society. url , p. 33.
• Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle: T. & J. Hodgson; 1831-1838. url p. 32.
• Transactions of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society. Edinburgh: Douglas & Foulis, 1888-1926. url p. 51, p. 62.
• Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: F. & W. Dodsworth, 1850-1864. url p. 178.
• Travels into North America containing its natural history, and a circumstantial account of its plantations and agriculture in general: with the civil, ecclesiastical and commercial state of the country, the manners of the inha by Peter Kalm. ..; translated into English by John Reinold Forster. .. London: Printed for the editor; and sold by T. Lowndes. .., 1771. url .
• Trees and shrubs; an abridgment of the Arboretum et fruticetum britannicum: containing the hardy trees and shrubs of Britain, native and foreign, scientifically and popularly described; with their propagation, culture LondonF. Warne1875 url .
• Trees of Ohio and surrounding territory, including the area westward to the limits of the prairie and south to the thirty seventh parallel. Columbus, Ohio1909 url p. 151.
• Trees: the yearbook of agriculture 1949. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture: 1949. url p. 931.
• Vorlesungen über Pflanzenphysiologie. Jena, G. Fischer, 1904. url p. 517.
• Withering, W. A systematic arrangement of British plants: with an easy introduction to the study of botany. 3 1801 London: Printed for T. Cadell, jun [etc.], 1801. url p. 452.
• Works on forestry [by] J.C. Brown. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd; [etc., etc.]1883-87. url p. 177, p. 181, p. 47.
• Wöhler's Outlines of organic chemistry By Rudolph Fittig. .. Tr. from the 8th German ed. with additions, by Ira Remsen Philadelphia, H.C. Lea, 1873 url p. 412, p. 412.
• Zoologist. London.1843-1916 url p. 395.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• 133.
• 37: 1 
• 38: 1 
• 443
• 516
• Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü
• Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1 
• Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien &
• Yü

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 29, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
• GBIF-Spain, Universitat de Girona: HGI-Cormophyta
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany, Research Group for Plant Biogeography, Floristische Kartierung Österreichs - Mapping the Flora of Austria
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650378
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-6184
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5304283
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741641-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 310534
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25320
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PYAU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 59157

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Sorbus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 144. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 341.260 meters (1,119.619 feet), Standard Deviation = 521.640 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.