Sorbus sitchensis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Sorbus

Trees or shrubs , usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid , conical , or spindle-shaped , sometimes viscid ; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent . Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous , simple or pinnately compound , plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous , glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound , rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate , rarely obconical or urceolate . Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose , sometimes glandular along margin . Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length ; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive ; styles 2-5, free or partially connate , glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong , usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels , apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar , with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.Trees or shrubs, usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid, conical, or spindle-shaped, sometimes viscid; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous, simple or pinnately compound, plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound, rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate, rarely obconical or urceolate. Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose, sometimes glandular along margin. Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive; styles 2-5, free or partially connate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong, usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels, apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar, with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.

About 100 species: widely distributed throughout temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North America; 67 species (43 endemic) in China.

Sorbus species are ornamental plants with attractive, large clusters of white flowers, and most bear colorful fruits. The fruits can be used for making jam, marmalade, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The wood is hard, heavy, and fine-grained, suitable for making furniture or small, carved articles.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,968 meters (0 to 6,457 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Pyrus sambucifolia Bong. • Sorbus occidentalis (S. Watson) Coville • Sorbus tilingii Gand.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sorbus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 50 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. alnifolia (Korean Mountain Ash) · S. americana (American Mountain Ash) · S. aria (Chess-Apple) · S. aria 'Lutescens' (Whitebeam) · S. arnoldiana (Sorbus) · S. aucuparia (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia x intermedia (European Mountain-Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Asplenifolia' (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Fastigiata' (European Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Michred' (Cardinal Royal Mountain Ash) · S. aucuparia 'Pendula' (European Mountain Ash) · S. austriaca (Austrian Mountain Ash) · S. californica (California Mountain Ash) · S. cashmiriana (Kashmir Rowan) · S. commixta (Japanese Mountain Ash) · S. decora (Northern Mountain Ash) · S. discolor (Chinese Scarlet Rowan) · S. domestica (Jerusalem Pear) · S. dumosa (Arizona Mountain Ash) · S. groenlandica (Greenland Mountain Ash) · S. hibernica (Irish Whitebeam) · S. hupehensis (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis coral (Coral Fire Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis 'Coral Fire' (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hupehensis 'Pink Pagoda' (Chinese Mountain Ash) · S. hybrida (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. intermedia (Swedish Whitebeam) · S. latifolia (French Hales) · S. leighensis (Leigh Woods Whitebeam) · S. leyana (Ley's Whitebeam) · S. pohuashanensis (Mountain Ash) · S. prattii (Mountain Ash) · S. pseudofennica (Arran Service Tree) · S. reducta (Chinese Dwarf Mountain Ash) · S. rehderiana (Mountain Ash) · S. rufoferruginea 'Longwood Sunset' (Mountain Ash) · S. sambucifolia (Siberian Mountain Ash) · S. scopulina (Cascade Mountain-Ash) · S. sitchensis (Sitka Mountain-Ash) · S. thuringiaca (Mountainash) · S. torminalis (Checkertree) · S. × avonensis (Avon Gorge Whitebeam) · S. × houstoniae (Houston's Whitebeam) · S. x kewensis (Mountain Ash) · S. × proctoris (Proctor's Rowan) · S. × robertsonii (Robertson's Whitebeam) · S. x thuringiaca (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. x thuringiaca 'Fastigiata' (Oakleaf Mountain Ash) · S. 'Ghose' (Naga Mountain Ash) · S. 'Joseph Rock' (Joseph Rock Mountain Ash)

More Info

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Further Reading

• ... Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana, by Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1921. url p. 366.
• A manual of the flora of northern Idaho /Carl Epling and Joe Ewan. 1 1941 1941. url p. 22, p. 26.
• American species of Amelanchier, Urbana, The University of Illinois press, 1946. url p. 73.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 469, p. 470, p. 472.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 287, p. 287.
• Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1897- url p. 518.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 735, p. 739, p. 825, p. 953.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 461.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 7 1909-1911 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 457.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 11 1906 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 347, p. 366.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 9 1972 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 571.
• Elementary flora of the Northwest, by Theodore C. Frye. .. and George B. Rigg. .. Cincinnati [etc.]American book company[c1914] url p. 133.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. url p. 55.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 550.
• Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 413, p. 414, p. 596, p. 84.
• Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and British Columbia / by P.A. Rydberg. New York: The author, 1922. url p. 448.
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 347.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 347.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 8-9 1988-1989 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 107, p. 186, p. 186.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 38 1937 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 12.
• Key to important woody plants of eastern Oregon and Washington, by Doris W. Hayes and George A. Garrison. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. url p. 135, p. 225.
• Mount Rainier: a record of exploration / edited by Edmond S. Meany. New York: Macmillan, 1916. url p. 273.
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 150, p. 84.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 391, p. 392.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url , , , p. 210, p. 263, p. 264.
• North American trees (exclusive of Mexico and tropical United States) A handbook designed for field use, with plates and distribution maps. Ames, Iowa State University Press[1961] url p. 249.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 340.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 514, p. 516, p. 659.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 19.
• Rydberg, P. A. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and neighboring parts of Nebraska, South Dakota, and British Columbia /by P. A. Rydberg... 1917 New York: The author, 1917. url p. 448.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 42, p. 45, p. 60, p. 63, p. 7, p. 92.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 418, p. 431, p. 483, p. 582, p. 589, p. 752, p. 97.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley. A list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River, Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892. url .
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 430, p. 431, p. 480.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 3198.
• Woody plants of the western national parks; containing keys for the identification of trees and shrubs, by Virginia Long Bailey and Harold Edwards Bailey. Notre Dame, Ind., University Press, 1949. url p. 272, p. 8.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• 133.
• 37: 1 
• 38: 1 
• 443
• 516
• Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü
• Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1 
• Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien &
• Yü

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 29, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650384
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-6191
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741978-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 35068
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25327
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SOSIS2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 63667

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Sorbus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 144. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 1,051.440 meters (3,449.606 feet), Standard Deviation = 518.660 based on 283 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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