Overview
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Critically Endangered |
|
Interesting Facts
Description
Family Boraginaceae
Herbs perennial
, biennial, or annual
, less often lianas, shrubs
, or trees
, usually bristly
or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple
, exstipulate
, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin
. Inflorescences often double
scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed
, mostly persistent
. Corolla tubular
, campanulate
, rotate, funnelform
, or salverform
; tube
appendages
5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring
of hairs
present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes
overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted
on corolla tube or rarely at throat
, included
or rarely exserted; anthers
introrse
, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed
at base
, less often medifixed
, dehiscence longitudinal
. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous
, semianatropous, or anatropous
. Style terminal
or gynobasic
, branched or not. Gynobase
flat, fastigiate
, or subulate
. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets
(mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings
, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles
with barbed
or anchorlike tips
) . Seeds vertical
or oblique
, coat
membranous; embryo straight, less often curved
; cotyledons flat, fleshy
.
About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate
and tropical regions
, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]
Genus Solenanthus
Herbs perennial
, pilose
or hispid
. Leaves alternate, entire. Cymes densely flowered, or many cymes becoming paniculate
, bracteate
or ebracteate
. Calyx 5-parted to base
; lobes
linear
, lanceolate to oblong
, scarcely enlarged. Corolla tubular
, rarely campanulate
, included
or slightly surpassing
calyx; appendages
oblong, inserted
at below middle
of corolla tube
; limb blue or purplish red; lobes 5, vertical
or somewhat spreading
. Stamens inserted above corolla appendages, exserted; anthers
oblong to broadly elliptic
, apex obtuse
. Style usually exserted; stigma minute. Gynobase
fastigiate
. Nutlets
dorsiventrally compressed
, ovate
to suborbicular
, 5-10 mm, abaxially discoid
, flat or slightly concave
, with dense glochids on abaxial
margin
and adaxially; attachment scar
above middle adaxially, occupying ca.
1/2 of surface, firmly coherent to gynobase.
About ten species: C and W Asia, SE Europe; two species in China.[2]
Habitat
Biome: Terrestrial [3].
Ecology:
This perennial
herb grows in mountain thickets,ususally in gaps
between
pines and on calcareous
soils.[3].
List of Habitats
:
- 3 Shrubland
- 3.4 Shrubland - Temperate [more info]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Lamiales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- borage, bourraches
- Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Cynoglosseae
(
)
- Genus:
Solenanthus
(
)
- Ledebour, 1829
- Specific epithet:
reverchonii
- Degen
- Botanical name: - Solenanthus reverchonii Degen
- Specific epithet:
reverchonii
- Degen
- Genus:
Solenanthus
(
- Tribe:
Cynoglosseae
(
- Subfamily:
Boraginoideae
(
- Family:
Boraginaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Solananae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Solenanthus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 0 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 86.
- Preliminary draft list of plant species for inclusion in a 'Responsibility List' of European plants WCMC url p. 103.
- Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 22, 2012.
- Gutiérrez, L., Blanca, G., Luque Moreno, P. & Benavente, A. 2006. Solenanthus reverchonii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
- IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5925445
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:120688-1
- IUCN ID: 242745
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2428793
Footnotes
- Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Solenanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 425. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Gutiérrez, L., Blanca, G., Luque Moreno, P. & Benavente, A. 2006. Solenanthus reverchonii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]
