Sidalcea malvaeflora

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Malvaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or less often trees ; indumentum usually with peltate scales or stellate hairs . Leaves alternate, stipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed . Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters , axillary or subterminal , often aggregated into terminal racemes or panicles, usually conspicuous , actinomorphic , usually bisexual (unisexual in Kydia) . Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate , free or connate . Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate to base of filament tube . Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers 1-celled. Pollen spiny . Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 × as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature (Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate . Seeds often reniform , glabrous or hairy , sometimes conspicuously so.

About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species: tropical and temperate regions of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced ) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.

Molecular studies have shown that the members of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors , most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al. , Fl. Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.

The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.

Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops (particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals . Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.[1]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,890 meters (0 to 6,201 feet).[2]

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sidalcea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 83 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. calycosa (Annual Checkerbloom) · S. calycosa rhizomata (Pt. Reyes Checkerbloom) · S. campestris (Meadow Checkerbloom) · S. candida (Checker Mallow) · S. candida var. candida (White Checkerbloom) · S. candida var. glabrata (White Checkermallow) · S. candida 'Bianca' (Checker Mallow) · S. candida 'Oberon' (Checkerbloom) · S. covillei (Owens Valley Sidalcea) · S. cusickii (Cusick's Checkerbloom) · S. diploscypha (Fringed Checkerbloom) · S. glaucescens (Waxy Checkerbloom) · S. hartwegii (Valley Checkerbloom) · S. hendersonii (Henderson's Checkerbloom) · S. hickmanii (Chaparral Checkerbloom) · S. hickmanii parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. anomala (Cuesta Pass Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. viridis (Marin Checkerbloom) · S. hirsuta (Hairy Checkerbloom) · S. hirtipes (Bristlystem Checkerbloom) · S. hybrida'Stark's Variety' (Miniature Hollyhock) · S. keckii (Keck's Checkerbloom) · S. malvaeflora (Checker Bloom) · S. malviflora (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora asprella (Mapleleaf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora californica (California Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora celata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora elegans (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora nana (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora patula (Siskiyou Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora purpurea (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora rostrata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. hirsuta (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. laciniata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. sancta (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. sparsifolia (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. stellata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. uliginosa (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. asprella (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. californica (California Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. celata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Crimson Beauty' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. dolosa (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. elegans (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Elsie Heugh' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. laciniata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Little Princess' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. nana (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora'Party Girl' (Party Girl Miniature Hollyhock) · S. malviflora subsp. patula (Siskiyou Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. purpurea (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Rosaly' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora 'Rosanna' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. rostrata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. sparsifolia (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. virgata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. multifida (Cutleaf Checkerbloom) · S. nelsoniana (Nelson's Checker-Mallow) · S. neomexicana (New Mexico Checkermallow) · S. neomexicana subsp. crenulata (Salt Spring Checkerbloom) · S. neomexicana subsp. thurberi (Rocky Mountain Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana (Edgewood Checkermallow) · S. oregana hydrophila (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana oregana (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana spicata (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana var. maxima (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana var. nevadensis (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana var. procera (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana 'Brilliant' (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. eximia (Coast Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. hydrophila (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. spicata (Oregon Checkermallow) · S. oregana subsp. valida (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. pedata (Birdfoot Checkerbloom) · S. ranunculacea (Marsh Checkerbloom) · S. reptans (Sierra Checkerbloom) · S. robusta (Butte County Checkerbloom) · S. stipularis (Scadden Flat Checkerbloom) · S. x 'Little Princess' (Little Princess Miniature Hollyhock) · S. 'Candy Girl' (Checker Mallow) · S. 'Party Girl' (Checker Mallow)

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Further Reading

• A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url , p. 246.
• A flora of northwest America: containing brief descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing without cultivation north of California, west of Utah, and south of British Columbia / by Thomas Howell. Vol. 1, Phanerogamae. Portland, Or.: [s.n.], 1903. url p. 101, p. 101.
• A popular California flora, or Manual of botany for beginners. Containing descriptions of flowering plants growing in central California, and westward to the ocean. With illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to San Francisco, A.L. Bancroft, 1882. url p. 31.
• A popular California flora, or, Manual of botany for beginners. With illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast. To which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. Containing brief descripti San Francisco, The Whitaker & Ray Co., 1896. url p. 31.
• A popular California flora: or, Manual of botany for beginners with illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast; to which is added an analytical key to west coast botany, containing brief descripti by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1896. url p. 31.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url p. 277.
• A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W. G. Farlow and A. B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. url p. 11.
• Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. url p. 243, p. 30.
• American honey plants; together with those which are of special value to the beekeeper as sources of pollen. Hamilton, Ill., American Bee Journal, 1920. url p. 56.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 527, p. 931.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 105, p. 108.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url , p. 142.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Botany Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1880 url p. 83.
• Botany. By W. H. Brewer, Sereno Watson, and Asa Gray. Boston, Little, Brown, 1880. url p. 437.
• Botany. Cambridge, Mass.Welch, Bigelow, University Press, 1876-80. url p. 437.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 544, p. 950.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1902-1971. url p. 96.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 29 1902 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 80.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 243, p. 244.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 2008, p. 2010, p. 2016, p. 2024, p. 2034, p. 2042, p. 2062, p. 2069, p. 2128.
• Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url p. 501, p. 87.
• Colour in my garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated in colour, by Anna Winegar. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1918. url p. 397.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 3 1892-1896 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 217.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 11 1973 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 138.
• Entomological news, and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia[Entomological Rooms of the Academy of Natural Sciences] url p. 420, p. 420.
• Field book of western wild flowers, by Margaret Armstrong in collaboration with J.J. Thornber. .. with five hundred illustrations in black and white, and forty-eight plates in color drawn from nature by the author. 1915 London, C. [sic] P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. url p. 594, p. 594.
• First report on the flora of Wyoming / Aven Nelson. Laramie: Wyoming Experiment Station, 1896. url p. 89.
• Flora of Los Angeles and vicinity / by LeRoy Abrams. Stanford University, Cal. 1917. url p. 228.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 1069, p. 787.
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 236.
• Hardy plants for cottage gardens, New York, H. Holt and company, 1910. url .
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 25.
• Journal kept by David Douglas during his travels in North America 1823-1827, together with a particular description of thirty-three species of American oaks and eighteen species of Pinus, with appendices containing a list of the plants introduced by Douglas and an account of h London, W. Wesley & Son, 1914. url , p. 363.
• Manual of the botany (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of the Rocky mountain region, from New Mexico to the British boundary. By John M. Coulter. and Chicago: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and company, 1885. url p. 41.
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 168.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 89.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 52, p. 90.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] url p. 91.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url .
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 715.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 577.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 25, p. 51, p. 51, p. 57, p. 57, p. 6.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 381, p. 77.
• Text-book of western botany: consisting of Coulter's Manual of the botany of the Rocky mountains, to which is prefixed Gray's lessons in botany. For the use of schools and colleges between the Mississippi river and the Rocky moun Chicago: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Company, 1885. url p. 41.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 321.
• The California horticulturist and floral magazine. San Francisco, Calif.: F.A. Miller & Co., 1870- url p. 71.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 356, p. 389, p. 396, p. 99.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 100, p. 128, p. 128, p. 172, p. 186, p. 264, p. 29, p. 311, p. 339, p. 428, p. 468, p. 52, p. 89.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 1 1939 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 56.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 222.
• The book of hardy flowers; a simple and complete descriptive guide to the cultivation in gardens of the trees and shrubs, perennial and annual flowers, that are hardy, or are suitable for planting out-of-doors in summer in temp Ed. by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with thirty-two direct color photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke and sixty-four half-tone plates. 1915 New York, Funk & Wagnalls company; [etc., etc.][1915] url p. 413.
• The garden month by month; describing the appearance, color, dates of bloom, height and cultivation of all desirable, hardy herbaceous perennials for the formal or wild garden with additional lists of aquatics, vines, ferns, et by Mabel Cabot Sedgwick assisted by Robert Cameron with over two hundred half-tone engravings from photographs of growing plants, and a chart in colors. New York, F.A. Stokes Co., [1907] url .
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 119, p. 95.
• West Coast botany: an analytical key to the flora of the Pacific Coast in which are described over eighteen hundred species of flowering plants growing west of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade crests, from San Diego to Pug by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1898. url p. 99.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 3 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 27.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 14, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 14, 2008:

• Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3465809
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15606198
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564418-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 605714

Footnotes

1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 483.110 meters (1,585.007 feet), Standard Deviation = 528.760 based on 18 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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