Sidalcea diploscypha

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Malvaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or less often trees ; indumentum usually with peltate scales or stellate hairs . Leaves alternate, stipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade usually palmately veined, entire or various lobed . Flowers solitary, less often in small cymes or clusters , axillary or subterminal , often aggregated into terminal racemes or panicles, usually conspicuous , actinomorphic , usually bisexual (unisexual in Kydia) . Epicalyx often present, forming an involucre around calyx, 3- to many lobed. Sepals 5, valvate , free or connate . Petals 5, free, contorted, or imbricate, basally adnate to base of filament tube . Stamens usually very many, filaments connate into tube; anthers 1-celled. Pollen spiny . Ovary superior, with 2-25 carpels, often separating from one another and from axis; ovules 1 to many per locule; style as many or 2 × as many as pistils, apex branched or capitate. Fruit a loculicidal capsule or a schizocarp, separating into individual mericarps, rarely berrylike when mature (Malvaviscus) ; carpels sometimes with an endoglossum (a crosswise projection from back wall of carpel to make it almost completely septate . Seeds often reniform , glabrous or hairy , sometimes conspicuously so.

About 100 genera and ca. 1000 species: tropical and temperate regions of N and S Hemisphere; 19 genera (four introduced ) and 81 species (24 endemic, 16 introduced) in China.

Molecular studies have shown that the members of the Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae form a very well-defined monophyletic group that is divided into ten also rather well-defined clades, only two of which correspond to the traditional families Bombacaceae and Malvaceae. Some of the remaining groups are included entirely within either of the remaining families but others cut across the traditional divide between the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. A majority of authors , most notably Bayer and Kubitzki (Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 225-311. 2003), has favored including everything within a greatly enlarged Malvaceae, and treating the individual clades as subfamilies. The alternative view is that the individual clades should be treated as a series of ten families: Bombacaceae (Bombacoideae), Brownlowiaceae (Brownlowioideae), Byttneriaceae (Byttnerioideae), Durionaceae (Durionoideae), Helicteraceae (Helicteroideae), Malvaceae (Malvoideae), Pentapetaceae (Dombeyoideae), Sparrmanniaceae (Grewioideae), Sterculiaceae (Sterculioideae), and Tiliaceae (Tilioideae) (Cheek in Heywood et al. , Fl. Pl. Fam. World. 201-202. 2007) . For the present treatment, we prefer to retain the familiar, traditional four families, so as to maintain continuity with the treatments in FRPS, and to await a consensus on the two alternative strategies for dealing with the very widely accepted clades.

The traditional Malvaceae coincides exactly with one of the major clades. The only possible problem is the relationship with the Bombacaceae, which also has primarily 1-loculed anthers, and some authorities have suggested that the Bombacaceae should be included within the Malvaceae.

Members of the Malvaceae are important as fiber crops (particularly cotton, Gossypium) . Young leaves of many species can be used as vegetables, and species of Abelmoschus and Hibiscus are grown as minor food crops. Many species have attractive flowers and an ever-increasing selection is grown as ornamentals . Several have been cultivated for a very long time, particularly species of Hibiscus, and some of these are not known in the wild.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,751 meters (0 to 5,745 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sidalcea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 83 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. calycosa (Annual Checkerbloom) · S. calycosa rhizomata (Pt. Reyes Checkerbloom) · S. campestris (Meadow Checkerbloom) · S. candida (Checker Mallow) · S. candida var. candida (White Checkerbloom) · S. candida var. glabrata (White Checkermallow) · S. candida 'Bianca' (Checker Mallow) · S. candida 'Oberon' (Checkerbloom) · S. covillei (Owens Valley Sidalcea) · S. cusickii (Cusick's Checkerbloom) · S. diploscypha (Fringed Checkerbloom) · S. glaucescens (Waxy Checkerbloom) · S. hartwegii (Valley Checkerbloom) · S. hendersonii (Henderson's Checkerbloom) · S. hickmanii (Chaparral Checkerbloom) · S. hickmanii parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. anomala (Cuesta Pass Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. hickmanii subsp. viridis (Marin Checkerbloom) · S. hirsuta (Hairy Checkerbloom) · S. hirtipes (Bristlystem Checkerbloom) · S. hybrida'Stark's Variety' (Miniature Hollyhock) · S. keckii (Keck's Checkerbloom) · S. malvaeflora (Checker Bloom) · S. malviflora (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora asprella (Mapleleaf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora californica (California Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora celata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora elegans (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora nana (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora patula (Siskiyou Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora purpurea (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora rostrata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. hirsuta (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. laciniata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. sancta (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. sparsifolia (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. stellata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora var. uliginosa (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. asprella (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. californica (California Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. celata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Crimson Beauty' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. dolosa (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. elegans (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Elsie Heugh' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. laciniata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Little Princess' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. nana (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora'Party Girl' (Party Girl Miniature Hollyhock) · S. malviflora subsp. patula (Siskiyou Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. purpurea (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora 'Rosaly' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora 'Rosanna' (Checker Mallow) · S. malviflora subsp. rostrata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. sparsifolia (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. malviflora subsp. virgata (Dwarf Checkerbloom) · S. multifida (Cutleaf Checkerbloom) · S. nelsoniana (Nelson's Checker-Mallow) · S. neomexicana (New Mexico Checkermallow) · S. neomexicana subsp. crenulata (Salt Spring Checkerbloom) · S. neomexicana subsp. thurberi (Rocky Mountain Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana (Edgewood Checkermallow) · S. oregana hydrophila (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana oregana (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana spicata (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana var. maxima (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana var. nevadensis (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana var. procera (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. oregana 'Brilliant' (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. eximia (Coast Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. hydrophila (Oregon Checkerbloom) · S. oregana subsp. spicata (Oregon Checkermallow) · S. oregana subsp. valida (Kenwood Marsh Checker-Mallow) · S. parishii (Parish's Checker) · S. pedata (Birdfoot Checkerbloom) · S. ranunculacea (Marsh Checkerbloom) · S. reptans (Sierra Checkerbloom) · S. robusta (Butte County Checkerbloom) · S. stipularis (Scadden Flat Checkerbloom) · S. x 'Little Princess' (Little Princess Miniature Hollyhock) · S. 'Candy Girl' (Checker Mallow) · S. 'Party Girl' (Checker Mallow)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 487.
• A popular California flora, or, Manual of botany for beginners: with illustrated introductory lessons especially adapted to the Pacific coast: to which is added an analytical key to West Coast botany, containing brief descript by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Bancroft, 1887. url p. 34.
• A popular California flora: or, manual of botany for beginners. ..: to which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. .. / San Francisco: Bancroft, 1892. url .
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 100, p. 98.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url , , p. 142, p. 457.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1922 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 543.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 1069.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, The Academy. url p. 53.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. 4 1856 Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 180, p. 71.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 15 1878 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 142, p. 457.
• Structural botany, or Organography on the basis of morphology. To which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms. By Asa Gray. Chicago, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and company, [1879] url .
• Structural botany, or, Organography on the basis of morphology. To which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms. By Asa Gray. New York: American Book Compnay, [1907] url p. 208.
• Structural botany: or, organography on the basis of morphology: to which is added the principles of taxonomy and phytography, and a glossary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. London: Macmillan and Co., [c1879] url p. 208.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 303.
• West Coast botany: an analytical key to the flora of the Pacific Coast in which are described over eighteen hundred species of flowering plants growing west of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade crests, from San Diego to Pug by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1898. url p. 27.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 409, p. 85, p. 85.
• Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2647833
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-21864
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 21864
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SIDI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62987

Footnotes

1. Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr "Malvaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 240, 264,299, 302. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 220.890 meters (724.705 feet), Standard Deviation = 737.060 based on 64 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.