Shorea polysperma

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Dipterocarpaceae

Trees , evergreen or semievergreen, rarely deciduous in dry season . Xylem with aromatic resin in intercellular resin canals. Branchlets with stipular scars , sometimes annular . Leaves simple , alternate; stipules persistent or caducous , large or small; leaf blade with lateral veins pinnate, margin entire or sinuate-crenate. Inflorescences few- or many-flowered, terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; flowers usually sweetly scented; bracts usually fugacious and minute, rarely persistent and large. Inflorescences, calyces, petals, ovary, and other parts usually with stellate , squamate , fascicled or free-standing hairs . Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , contorted. Calyx lobes 5, free or united at base , imbricate in bud if not united. Petals 5, adnate or connate at base. Stamens (10-) 15 to many, free from or connate to petals; filaments usually dilated at base; anthers 2-celled, with 2 pollen sacs per cell (Chinese species) ; connective appendages aristate , filiform or stout. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, slightly immersed in torus, usually 3-loculed, each locule 2-, rarely many ovuled; ovules pendulous, lateral or anatropous . Fruit usually nutlike, sometimes capsular and 3-valved, 1(to many) -seeded, with persistent, variously accrescent calyx of which 2 or more lobes are usually developed into lorate wings . Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons fleshy , equal or unequal, applanate or folded or cerebriform , entire or laciniate ; radicle directed toward hilum , usually included between cotyledons.

About 17 genera and 550 species: tropical Africa, Asia, and South America (in Asia, most species and genera in NW Borneo) ; five genera and 12 species (one endemic, one introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Shorea

Trees usually large, prominently buttressed . Bark usually fissured , flaky . Stipules caducous , large or small; leaf blade ± leathery, tertiary veins parallel, margin entire. Flowers in axillary or terminal lax cymose panicles; bracts persistent , caducous, or absent. Sepals with 3 outer larger than 2 inner. Petals white, yellow, or pink, usually pubescent . Stamens (12-) 15 or 20-100; anthers ovoid , oblong , or panduriform; connective subulate-cuspidate or stout, club-shaped; valves equal or outer one slightly larger. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style subulate ; stigma entire or 3-toothed. Fruit usually 1-seeded, closely surrounded by thickened bases of accrescent calyx segments; sepals developed into lorate wings , outer 3 much larger than 2 inner.

About 200 species: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, NE India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; two species in China.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: Occurs in the remaining hill evergreen mixed dipterocarp forests . [3].

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Merr. Publication : Sp. Blancoanae 269 (1918)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Shorea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 84 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. acuminata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. acuminatissima (Yellow Meranti) · S. agami (White Meranti) · S. agamii agamii (White Meranti) · S. albida (Light Red Meranti) · S. almon (Light Red Meranti) · S. andulensis (Light Red Meranti) · S. aptera (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. argentifolia (Dark Red Meranti) · S. assamica (White Meranti) · S. assamica assamica (White Meranti) · S. assamica philippinensis (White Meranti) · S. atrinervosa (Yellow Balau) · S. balangeran (Red Balau) · S. balanocarpoides (White Meranti) · S. bentongensis (White Meranti) · S. blumutensis (Yellow Meranti) · S. bracteolata (White Meranti) · S. bullata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. collina (Red Balau) · S. contorta (White Lauan) · S. curtisii (Dark Red Meranti) · S. dealbata (White Meranti) · S. elliptica (Dark Red Meranti) · S. faguetiana (Yellow Meranti) · S. flaviflora (Dark Red Meranti) · S. gibbosa (Yellow Meranti) · S. guiso (Dfgadfg) · S. gysbertsiana (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. henryana (White Meranti) · S. hopeifolia (Yellow Meranti) · S. hypochra (White Meranti) · S. iliasii (Yellow Meranti) · S. inaequilateralis (Red Balau) · S. javanica (Javanese Dammar) · S. johorensis (Light Red Meranti) · S. kudatensis (Yellow Meranti) · S. kunstleri (Red Balau) · S. lamellata (White Meranti) · S. laxa (Yellow Meranti) · S. lepidota (Light Red Meranti) · S. leprosula (Light Red Meranti) · S. longisperma (Yellow Meranti) · S. macrobalanos (Yellow Meranti) · S. macrophylla (Light Red Meranti) · S. macroptera macroptera (Light Red Meranti) · S. maxima (Yellow Meranti) · S. multiflora (Yellow Meranti) · S. myrionerva (Light Red Meranti) · S. negrosensis (Red Lauan) · S. ochrophloia (Red Balau) · S. ovalis ovalis (Light Red Meranti) · S. ovata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. pachyphylla (Dark Red Meranti) · S. palembanica (Light Red Meranti) · S. palosapis (Philippine Mahogany) · S. parvifolia (Light-Red Meranti) · S. parvifolia parvifolia (Light Red Meranti) · S. pauciflora (Dark Red Meranti) · S. peltata (Yellow Meranti) · S. platycarpa (Light Red Meranti) · S. platyclados (Dark Red Meranti) · S. polyandra (Yellow Meranti) · S. polysperma (Dark-Red Philippine Mahogany) · S. praestans (Light Red Meranti) · S. quadrinervis (Light Red Meranti) · S. resinosa (White Meranti) · S. revoluta (Light Red Meranti) · S. robusta (Sal Tree) · S. rotundifolia (Light Red Meranti) · S. roxburghii (White Meranti) · S. rubella (Light Red Meranti) · S. rugosa (Dark Red Meranti) · S. sagittata (Light Red Meranti) · S. seminis (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. siamensis (Dark Red Meranti) · S. singkawang (Dark Red Meranti) · S. smithiana (Light Red Meranti) · S. squamata (White Lauan) · S. stenoptera (Light Red Meranti) · S. symingtonii (White Meranti) · S. teysmanniana (Light Red Meranti) · S. tumbuggaia (Green Dammer Tree) · S. xanthophylla (Yellow Meranti)

More Info

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Further Reading

• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 99.
• Annual report of the Director of Forestry. Manila [etc.] url p. 283, p. 29, p. 32, p. 5.
• Botanical publications of E.D. Merrill. [New York, etc., 1899- url .
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 10, p. 23, p. 3.
• Bulletin. Manila, Bureau of printing, 1903- url , , p. 102, p. 108, p. 113, p. 16, p. 19, p. 23, p. 24, p. 255, p. 260, p. 261, p. 264, p. 266, p. 267, p. 268, p. 272, p. 273, p. 34, p. 43, p. 8, p. 9, p. 94.
• Bulletins and circulars on charcoal, lumber, and saw-mills. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1907. url p. 644, p. 655, p. 677.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 269, p. 271.
• Contribution to an evaluation of tree species using the new CITES Listing Criteria CITES url p. 434.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 1311.
• Department of the Interior, Bureau of Government Laboratories. Manila: Bureau of Public Print., 1902-1906. url p. 29, p. 30, p. 61.
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 241, p. 467, p. 513, p. 514.
• Forestry quarterly. Ithaca, N.Y. [etc.] url p. 585.
• Journal of forestry. Washington: Society of American Foresters, 1917- url p. 376.
• Minor products of Philippine forests. Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1920-1921. url p. 52.
• New or noteworthy Philippine plants. .. / by Elmer D. Merrill. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1904-1922. url p. 29, p. 30.
• Philippine resins, gums, seed oils, and essential oils. By Augustus P. West. .. and William H. Brown. .. Manila, Bureau of printing, 1920. url p. 229.
• Pre-project study on the conservation status of tropical timbers in trade. Final report to International Tropical Timber Organization. Vol 1 ITTO url p. 183, p. 185.
• The Philippine journal of science. 1 1906 Manila. url , , p. 11, p. 165, p. 165, p. 168, p. 172, p. 173, plate 19, p. 191, p. 196, plate 20, p. 216, p. 229, p. 277, p. 312, p. 317, p. 325, p. 326, p. 328, p. 329, p. 341, p. 343, p. 394, p. 411, p. 413, p. 414, p. 417, p. 423, p. 425, p. 426, p. 430, p. 432, p. 433, p. 434, p. 437, p. 439, p. 477, p. 481, p. 483, p. 484, p. 486, p. 488, p. 491, p. 492, p. 510, p. 516, p. 518, p. 522, p. 523, p. 538, p. 539, p. 546, p. 549, p. 558, p. 559, p. 566, p. 6, p. 637, p. 639, p. 641, p. 646, p. 647, p. 651, p. 707, p. 708, p. 8, p. 98.
• The World List of Threatened Trees WCMC, IUCN url p. 511.
• The conservation status of biological resources in the Philippines WCMC url p. 14, p. 5.
• [Publications] - Bureau of Government Laboratories. Manila, Bureau of Public Printing, 1903-1906. url p. 29.
• Tong Shaoquan & Tao Gouda. 1990. Dipterocarpaceae. In: Li Hsiwen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 50(2): 113-131.

Notes

Contributors

• Ashton, P. 1998. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
• Ashton, P. 1998. Shorea polysperma. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5879357
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321411-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 321411-1
• IUCN ID: 242147
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1021340

Footnotes

1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter S. Ashton "Dipterocarpaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Shorea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48, 51, 52. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Ashton, P. 1998. Shorea polysperma. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.