Shorea biawak

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Dipterocarpaceae

Trees , evergreen or semievergreen, rarely deciduous in dry season . Xylem with aromatic resin in intercellular resin canals. Branchlets with stipular scars , sometimes annular . Leaves simple , alternate; stipules persistent or caducous , large or small; leaf blade with lateral veins pinnate, margin entire or sinuate-crenate. Inflorescences few- or many-flowered, terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; flowers usually sweetly scented; bracts usually fugacious and minute, rarely persistent and large. Inflorescences, calyces, petals, ovary, and other parts usually with stellate , squamate , fascicled or free-standing hairs . Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , contorted. Calyx lobes 5, free or united at base , imbricate in bud if not united. Petals 5, adnate or connate at base. Stamens (10-) 15 to many, free from or connate to petals; filaments usually dilated at base; anthers 2-celled, with 2 pollen sacs per cell (Chinese species) ; connective appendages aristate , filiform or stout. Ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, slightly immersed in torus, usually 3-loculed, each locule 2-, rarely many ovuled; ovules pendulous, lateral or anatropous . Fruit usually nutlike, sometimes capsular and 3-valved, 1(to many) -seeded, with persistent, variously accrescent calyx of which 2 or more lobes are usually developed into lorate wings . Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons fleshy , equal or unequal, applanate or folded or cerebriform , entire or laciniate ; radicle directed toward hilum , usually included between cotyledons.

About 17 genera and 550 species: tropical Africa, Asia, and South America (in Asia, most species and genera in NW Borneo) ; five genera and 12 species (one endemic, one introduced ) in China.[1]

Genus Shorea

Trees usually large, prominently buttressed . Bark usually fissured , flaky . Stipules caducous , large or small; leaf blade ± leathery, tertiary veins parallel, margin entire. Flowers in axillary or terminal lax cymose panicles; bracts persistent , caducous, or absent. Sepals with 3 outer larger than 2 inner. Petals white, yellow, or pink, usually pubescent . Stamens (12-) 15 or 20-100; anthers ovoid , oblong , or panduriform; connective subulate-cuspidate or stout, club-shaped; valves equal or outer one slightly larger. Ovary ovoid, pubescent; style subulate ; stigma entire or 3-toothed. Fruit usually 1-seeded, closely surrounded by thickened bases of accrescent calyx segments; sepals developed into lorate wings , outer 3 much larger than 2 inner.

About 200 species: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, NE India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; two species in China.[2]

Habitat

Biome: Terrestrial [3].

Ecology: Found in mixed dipterocarp forest .[3].

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : P.S.Ashton Publication : in Gard. Bull . Singapore, xix. 281 (1962).

Similar Species

Members of the genus Shorea

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 84 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. acuminata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. acuminatissima (Yellow Meranti) · S. agami (White Meranti) · S. agamii agamii (White Meranti) · S. albida (Light Red Meranti) · S. almon (Light Red Meranti) · S. andulensis (Light Red Meranti) · S. aptera (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. argentifolia (Dark Red Meranti) · S. assamica (White Meranti) · S. assamica assamica (White Meranti) · S. assamica philippinensis (White Meranti) · S. atrinervosa (Yellow Balau) · S. balangeran (Red Balau) · S. balanocarpoides (White Meranti) · S. bentongensis (White Meranti) · S. blumutensis (Yellow Meranti) · S. bracteolata (White Meranti) · S. bullata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. collina (Red Balau) · S. contorta (White Lauan) · S. curtisii (Dark Red Meranti) · S. dealbata (White Meranti) · S. elliptica (Dark Red Meranti) · S. faguetiana (Yellow Meranti) · S. flaviflora (Dark Red Meranti) · S. gibbosa (Yellow Meranti) · S. guiso (Dfgadfg) · S. gysbertsiana (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. henryana (White Meranti) · S. hopeifolia (Yellow Meranti) · S. hypochra (White Meranti) · S. iliasii (Yellow Meranti) · S. inaequilateralis (Red Balau) · S. javanica (Javanese Dammar) · S. johorensis (Light Red Meranti) · S. kudatensis (Yellow Meranti) · S. kunstleri (Red Balau) · S. lamellata (White Meranti) · S. laxa (Yellow Meranti) · S. lepidota (Light Red Meranti) · S. leprosula (Light Red Meranti) · S. longisperma (Yellow Meranti) · S. macrobalanos (Yellow Meranti) · S. macrophylla (Light Red Meranti) · S. macroptera macroptera (Light Red Meranti) · S. maxima (Yellow Meranti) · S. multiflora (Yellow Meranti) · S. myrionerva (Light Red Meranti) · S. negrosensis (Red Lauan) · S. ochrophloia (Red Balau) · S. ovalis ovalis (Light Red Meranti) · S. ovata (Dark Red Meranti) · S. pachyphylla (Dark Red Meranti) · S. palembanica (Light Red Meranti) · S. palosapis (Philippine Mahogany) · S. parvifolia (Light-Red Meranti) · S. parvifolia parvifolia (Light Red Meranti) · S. pauciflora (Dark Red Meranti) · S. peltata (Yellow Meranti) · S. platycarpa (Light Red Meranti) · S. platyclados (Dark Red Meranti) · S. polyandra (Yellow Meranti) · S. polysperma (Dark-Red Philippine Mahogany) · S. praestans (Light Red Meranti) · S. quadrinervis (Light Red Meranti) · S. resinosa (White Meranti) · S. revoluta (Light Red Meranti) · S. robusta (Sal Tree) · S. rotundifolia (Light Red Meranti) · S. roxburghii (White Meranti) · S. rubella (Light Red Meranti) · S. rugosa (Dark Red Meranti) · S. sagittata (Light Red Meranti) · S. seminis (Borneo Tallow Tree) · S. siamensis (Dark Red Meranti) · S. singkawang (Dark Red Meranti) · S. smithiana (Light Red Meranti) · S. squamata (White Lauan) · S. stenoptera (Light Red Meranti) · S. symingtonii (White Meranti) · S. teysmanniana (Light Red Meranti) · S. tumbuggaia (Green Dammer Tree) · S. xanthophylla (Yellow Meranti)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 237.
• Pre-project study on the conservation status of tropical timbers in trade. Final report to International Tropical Timber Organization. Vol 1 ITTO url p. 173, p. 35, p. 43.
• The World List of Threatened Trees WCMC, IUCN url p. 504.
• Tong Shaoquan & Tao Gouda. 1990. Dipterocarpaceae. In: Li Hsiwen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 50(2): 113-131.

Notes

Contributors

• Ashton, P. 1998. Shorea biawak. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloadedon 04February2012.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
• IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. . Downloaded on January 28, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5980009
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15453541
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321220-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 321220-1
• IUCN ID: 242052
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1021541

Footnotes

1. Xi-wen Li, Jie Li & Peter S. Ashton "Dipterocarpaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Shorea". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 48, 51, 52. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Ashton, P. 1998. Shorea biawak. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 04 February 2012. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.