Setaria sphacelata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Setaria

Annuals or perennials . Culms usually tufted , slender to robust or canelike. Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, sometimes plicate or narrowed to a false petiole ; ligule ciliate from a membranous base . Inflorescence a panicle, dense and spikelike or open with the spikelets contracted around the primary branches; spikelets (or some of them) subtended by one to several bristles which persist on the branches after the spikelets fall . Spikelets elliptic , plano-convex , sometimes gibbous , awnless, florets 2; glumes and lower lemma membranous to herbaceous; lower glume ovate from a clasping base, usually less than 1/2 spikelet length, 3-5-veined; upper glume half as long to equaling spikelet, several-veined; lower floret staminate or neuter , sometimes sulcate , its palea present, reduced or absent; upper lemma crustaceous, strongly convex , rugose , punctate or smooth , margins inrolled . x = 9.

About 130 species: tropics and subtropics, extending to warm-temperate regions of the world; 14 species (three endemic, one introduced ) in China.

The bristles in the inflorescence represent modified branchlets . The genus includes pasture grasses, a cereal crop , and a few noxious weeds .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,653 meters (0 to 15,266 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Setaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 47 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. adhaerens (Burr Bristlegrass) · S. arizonica (Arizona Bristlegrass) · S. barbata (East Indian Bristlegrass) · S. corrugata (Coastal Bristlegrass) · S. faberi (Chinese Foxtail) · S. faberii (Faber´s Bristlegrass) · S. firmula (Knot Grass) · S. glauca sensu (Yellow Bristlegrass) · S. grisebachii (Grisebach Bristlegrass) · S. italica (Foxtail Bristlegrass) · S. italica var. italica (Foxtail Bristlegrass) · S. italica var. maxima (Tall Foxtail Millet) · S. italica viridis (Green Bristle Grass) · S. italica 'Highlander' (Foxtail Millet) · S. italica 'Lime Light Spray' (Foxtail Millet) · S. leucopila (Bristlegrass) · S. liebmannii (Liebmann Bristlegrass) · S. macrosperma (Coral Bristlegrass) · S. magna (Giant Bristlegrass) · S. megaphylla (Bigleaf Bristlegrass) · S. nigrirostris (Black Bristlegrass) · S. palmifolia (Broadleaved Bristlegrass) · S. palmifolia 'Variegata' (Malaysian Palm Grass) · S. parviflora (Knotroot Bristlegrass) · S. plicata (Wrinkle-Leaved Bristlegrass) · S. pradana (Roadside Bristlegrass) · S. pumila (Cattail Grass) · S. pumila pallidifusca (Yellow Bristlegrass) · S. ramiseta (Bristle Panicum) · S. rariflora (Brazilian Bristlegrass) · S. reverchonii (Reverchon Bristlegrass) · S. scheelei (Southwestern Bristlegrass) · S. setosa (West Indian Bristlegrass) · S. setosa var. leiophylla (West Indian Bristlegrass) · S. setosa var. setosa (West Indian Bristlegrass) · S. sphacelata (African Bristlegrass) · S. tenacissima (Tropical Bristlegrass) · S. texana (Texas Bristlegrass) · S. utowanaea (Caribbean Bristlegrass) · S. verticillata (Bristly Foxtail) · S. verticillata var. verticillata (Bristly Foxtail) · S. verticilliformis (Barbed Bristlegrass) · S. villosissima (Hairy Bristlegrass) · S. viridis (Bottle Grass) · S. viridis var. major (Bottle Grass) · S. viridis var. viridis (Green Bristlegrass) · S. vulpiseta (Plains Bristlegrass)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url p. 216, p. 241.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1971- url p. 108.
• Comparison of methodologies for determination of content and digestibility of hemicellulose and cellulose in tropical grass hays / by Sandra L. Russo. 1981. url p. 107, p. 19, p. 45.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 112, p. 316, p. 417, p. 534, p. 576, p. 587.
• Family #15, Gramineae / Richard W. Pohl. 4 1980 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. url p. 606.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 347.
• IUCN Directory of Afrotropical Protected Areas IUCN, UNEP url p. 1031, p. 934, p. 941.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 15 1995 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 227.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 4 1994 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 229, p. 235.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 286, p. 306, p. 307.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 230.
• The Ecology of arboreal folivores: a symposium held at the Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, May 29-31, 1975 / Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978. url p. 506.
• World Atlas of Biodiversity: earth's living resources in the 21st century UNEP-WCMC url p. 244.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 12 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
• Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Bioversity International: The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER)
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus: The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (Costa Rica): Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales: Plants of Papua New Guinea
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility: Galapagos grasses and sedges
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University: USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661326
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41259
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13544569
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:61849-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 33844
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41259
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SESP5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62862

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Setaria". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531, 537, 549. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 663.950 meters (2,178.314 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,070.020 based on 185 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.