Overview
This is a very widespread species.
Interesting Facts
- The juice of the fresh leaf is widely used to relieve parasitic skin diseases, by rubbing crushed leaves alone or mixed with lime juice or an oil .
- A lotion made from leaf, flower and bark can also cure ringworm, or "dhobie itch", and hence is widely called craw-craw or ringworm bush . The leaves contain chrysophanic acid, the drug commonly used for dhobie itch.
- The dried leaves have been widely used at various stengths as purgatives or abortefacients.
- Juice from roots is put into cuts for tattoos and tribal markings in West Africa.
- In some parts of Africa local names mean children's plantain, due to supposed similarity of the fruits to small plantains (Dalziel, 1948).
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Candelabra Bush, Acapulco, Bajagua, Candle Bush, Candle-Bush, Candlebush, Candlestick Plant, Candlestick Senna, Candlesticks, Candletree, Carrion Crow Bush, Casse De Java, Cat, Cattiping, Catpan, Catpen, Christmas-Candle, Dartres, Dartrier, Emperor's Candlesticks, Empress-Candleplant, Epis D'or, Fleur , Fleur á Dartre, Fleur St. Christophe, Fleur Dartre, Flor Del Secreto, Golden Candelabra Tree, Guacamaya Francesa, Guajavo, Herbe , Herbe á Dartres, Herbe Dartres, Katepin, Mocote, Mulamula, Quatre Epingles, Ringworm Bush, Ringworm Cassia, Ringworm Plant, Ringworm Senna, Ringworm Shrub, Ringworm Tree, Ringwormbush, Ringwormshrub, Roman Candle Tree, Seven Golden Candlesticks, Seven-Golden-Candlesticks, Soroncontil, Talentro, Taperib, Taratana, Tulip, Winged Senna, Zerbe St. Christophe
Common Names in French:
Bois Dartre, Dartres
Common Names in Hawaiian:
Dadmurdan, Datkapat, Senamukhi, Vilayati-Aghatea
Common Names in Portuguese:
Café-Beirão, Fedegoso-Gigante, Fedegoso-Grande, Mangerioba-Do-Pará, Mangerioba-Grande, Mata-Pasto
Common Names in Sanskrit:
Dadrughna
Common Names in Spanish:
Bajagua, Mocoté
Common Names in Vietnamese:
Muông
Description
Subfamily Caesalpinioideae
Mostly trees or shrubs . Leaves mostly pinnate, sometimes bipinnate, rarely apparently simple . Corolla usually showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner ) petal innermost in bud. Stamens 10 or fewer, distinct , usually not showy, some commonly reduced to staminodes. Pollen released in monads . Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) usually lacking. [Carr]
Physical Description
Habit: Shrub , Tree • Climbing: Not Climbing
Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: yellow
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-8' tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,002 meters (0 to 13,130 feet).[1]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 6-8' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Rosanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Fabales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Leguminosae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Subfamily:
Caesalpinioideae
()
- Subfamily:
Caesalpinioideae
(
- Family:
Leguminosae
(
- Order:
Fabales
(
- Superorder:
Rosanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Cassia alata L. • Cassia alata var. perennis Pamp. • Cassia alata var. rumphiana Dc. • Cassia bracteata L. F. • Cassia herpetica Jacq. • Cassia rumphiana< /i> (Dc.)bojer • Herpetica alata (L.) Raf. • Herpetica alata (L.)raf.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Climbing
: Not climbing, Conservation
Status: Not Threatened,
Habit: Herb, Habit: Tree
, Habit: Shrub
, Lifespan: Perennial
Similar Species
Members of the genus Senna
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 83 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
S. acanthoclada (Senna) · S. alata (Candelabra Bush) · S. alexandrina (Alexandrian Senna) · S. angustisiliqua (Carga Agua) · S. armata (Desert Senna) · S. artemisioides (Feathery Cassia) · S. artemisioides artemisioides (Feathery Cassia) · S. artemisioides nothocoriacea (Wormwood Cassia) · S. artemisioides petiolaris (Cassia) · S. atomaria (Flor De San Jose) · S. auriculata (Avaram) · S. bacillaris (Whitebark Senna) · S. bacillaris var. bacillaris (West Indian Showertree) · S. bacillaris var. benthamiana (West Indian Showertree) · S. bauhinioides (Twinleaf Senna) · S. bicapsularis (Butterfly Bush) · S. bicapsularis var. augusti (Yellow Candlewood) · S. candolleana (Senna) · S. corymbosa (Argentina Senna) · S. covesii (Coves' Cassia) · S. didymobotrya (Peanut Butter Cassia) · S. divaricata (Arbre Bugaud) · S. durangensis (Durango Senna) · S. durangensis var. iselyi (Isely's Senna) · S. floribunda (Devils Finger) · S. gaudichaudii (Gaudichaud's Senna) · S. hebecarpa (American Senna) · S. hebecarpa var. longipila (Wild Senna) · S. hirsuta (Aytera Cimarrona) · S. hirsuta var. glaberrima (Woolly Senna) · S. hirsuta var. hirsuta (Woolly Senna) · S. italica (Italian Senna) · S. italica italica (Port Royal Senna) · S. ligustrina (Bahama Cassia) · S. lindheimeriana (Lindheimers Senna) · S. macranthera (Cassia) · S. marilandica (Maryland Senna) · S. mexicana (Mexican Senna) · S. mexicana var. chapmanii (Bahama Senna) · S. monozyx (Andean Senna) · S. multiglandulosa (Buttercup Bush) · S. multijuga (Alleluia) · S. multijuga lindleyana (Leafy Cassia) · S. multijuga lindleyana var. lindleyana (Leafy Cassia) · S. multijuga multijuga (False Sicklepod) · S. nitida (Golden Rain Tree) · S. obtusifolia (Brusca Cimarrona) · S. occidentalis (Arsenic Bean) · S. odorata (Southern Cassia) · S. orcuttii (Orcutt's Senna) · S. pendula (Christmas Senna) · S. pendula var. advena (Valamuerto) · S. pendula var. glabrata (Christmas Cassia) · S. pendula var. stahlii (Stahl's Valamuerto) · S. petersiana (Dwarf Cassia) · S. phyllodinea (Silver Cassia) · S. pilosior (Transpecos Senna) · S. polyphylla (Desert Cassia) · S. pumilio (Dwarf Senna) · S. purpusii (Baja California Senna) · S. quinquangulata (Quillo Huasca) · S. racemosa (Limestone Senna) · S. reticulata (Bajagua) · S. ripleyana (Ripley's Senna) · S. roemeriana (Roemer Senna) · S. rostrata (New Mexico Wild Sensitive Plant) · S. santanderensis (Brusco) · S. septemtrionalis (Arsenic Bush) · S. septemtrionalis var. septemtrionalis (Smooth Senna) · S. septentrionalis (Hedionda Macho) · S. siamea (Amarillo) · S. singueana (Wild Cassia) · S. sophera (Algarrobilla) · S. sophera var. purpurea (Pepper-Leaved Senna) · S. spectabilis (Canafistola Macho) · S. spectabilis var. excelsa (Canafistola Do Boi) · S. splendida (Golden Wonder Senna) · S. sulfurea (Smooth Senna) · S. surattensis (Glaucous Cassia) · S. timoriensis (Golden Bird) · S. tora (Casse Puante Petite Espece) · S. uniflora (Oneleaf Senna) · S. wislizeni (Shrubby Senna)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A manual of Indian timbers; an account of the growth, distribution, and uses of the trees and shrubs of India and Ceylon with descriptions of their wood-structure, by J. S. Gamble... London: S. Low, Marston & co. ltd., 1902. url p. 271.
- Bengal plants: a list of the phanerogams, ferns and fern-allies indigenous to, or commonly cultivated in, the Lower provinces and Chittagong, with definitions of the natural orders and genera, and keys to the genera and species. 1 1903 Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India1903. url p. 438.
- Curtis's botanical magazine. 105 1879 London; New York [etc.]: Academic Press [etc.] url , p. 158, p. 237.
- Flora Indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants / by the late William Roxburgh. Serampore: Printed for W. Thacker, 1832. url p. 349.
- Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 412, p. 675.
- Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 106, p. 113, p. 114.
- Flora medica; a botanical account of all the more important plants used in medicine in different parts of the world. London, Longman, 1838. url p. 260.
- Hortus suburbanus Calcuttensis; A catalogue of the plants which have been cultivated in the Hon. East India Company's botanical garden, Calcutta, and in the Serampore botanical garden. By the late J. O. Voigt, printed under the superintendence of W. Griffith. Calcutta, Bishop's College Press, 1845. url p. 249.
- Journal of ethnobiology. 23 2003 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 203.
- Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 12, p. 9.
- Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: The Academy, 1868- url p. 46, p. 72.
- The Bombay flora: or, Short descriptions of all the indigenous plants hitherto discovered in or near the Bombay Presidency: together with a supplement of introduced and naturalised species / Bombay: Printed at the Education Society's Press, 1861. url .
- The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 264, p. 264.
- The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url .
- The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 162, p. 285.
- The natural history of plants. Translated by Marcus M. Hartog. LondonL. Reeve1871- url p. 153.
- Wight, R. & G. A. W. Arnott Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: containing abridged descriptions of the plants found in the peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system: Vol. 1 /by Robert Wight and G.A. Walker-Arnott. 1834 London: Parbury, Allen & Co., 1834. url p. 287.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 24, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- ILDIS World Database of Legumes. Release date: May 1, 2007
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 01, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 27, 2008:
- Australian National Herbarium
- , Australian National Herbarium
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
- GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
- GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
- , Vascular Plant Herbarium
- GBIF-Sweden, Internation Botanical Collections
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
- SysTax, EMBRAPA
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
- SysTax, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669300
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ILD-603
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13623446
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:168256-3
- GRIN Nomen Number: 100063
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505141
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1192167-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SEAL4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62751
Footnotes
- Mean = 219.760 meters (720.997 feet), Standard Deviation = 774.560 based on 333 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
