Scorzonera humilis

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Lactuceae

The Lactuceae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that are easily recognized because the flowering heads are composed of wholly of ligulate florets that are usually 5-lobed. Another very distinguishing feature is the milky sap . Although not apparent without magnification, the pollen is distinctive in that the spines are more or less restricted to discrete ridges or flanges on the surface of the grain. In other members of the family the spines are distributed more or less evenly over the surface of the pollen grain . The pappus usually consists of scales or stiff hairs . -- Gerald D. Carr.

Genus Scorzonera

Annuals , biennials, or perennials [subshrubs ], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems 1, erect , branched from bases and/or distally, glabrous or hairy . Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate , distal sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear , margins entire or pinnately lobed to pinnatisect (faces glabrous or ± arachnose [tomentose ]). Heads borne singly or in loose , corymbiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated , sometimes bracteate . Calyculi 0. Involucres ovoid to cylindric , 6-12[-16+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 18-30+ in 3-5+ series, deltate or ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear (± flat proximally, not enfolding subtended florets ), unequal, margins scarious , apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat, pitted , glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish. Cypselae whitish to brownish, narrowly columnar to obclavate or fusiform (sometimes ± stipitate ), not beaked , nerves usually 10, sometimes 0, faces mostly glabrous, sometimes distally villosulous [lanate ]; pappi persistent , of 28-50+, whitish, subequal , plumose to barbellate , subulate to setiform scales in 2-3 series. x = 7.

Species ca. 175: introduced ; Europe, Asia.[1]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,840 meters (0 to 6,037 feet).[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Tropicos, Euro+Med. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:05D4A5D7-9A85-4B7F-9EF2-4192BB62F345

Last scrutiny: 16-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Scorzonera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 12 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. hispanica (Black Oyster Plant) · S. hispanica 'Belstar' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Blackrooted Duplex' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Einjahrige' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Noir De Russie' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Vrn Maxima' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Vrn Westlandia' (Black Salsify) · S. humilis (Dwarf Viper´s Grass) · S. laciniata (Cutleaf Vipergrass) · S. manshurica (Manshurian Viper´s Grass) · S. mongolica (Mongolian Viper´s Grass) · S. sinensis (Chinese Viper´s Grass)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 666.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 666.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 110, p. 114, p. 12, p. 144, p. 31, p. 49, p. 74, p. 84.
• Alternating generations: a biological study of oak galls and gall flies / by Hermann Adler. Tr. and ed. by Charles R. Straton. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1894. url p. 173.
• Alternating generations; a biological study of oak galls and gall flies, by Hermann Adler. .. Tr. and ed. by Charles R. Straton. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1894. url p. 173.
• An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 1305.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 191, p. 437, p. 444.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url , p. 115, p. 136, p. 459, p. 47, p. 95, p. 97, p. 98.
• Botaniska notiser. Upsala: Wahlstro?m, 1857-c1980. url p. 151.
• Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup / revised by J. Lind. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske boghandel, 1913. url p. 163, p. 262, p. 330.
• Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamuc parasites; introduction to the study of pathogenic fungi, slime-fungi, bacteria, and algae. English ed. by William G. Smith. LondonLongman's, Green1897 url p. 296.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url , p. 27, p. 69, p. 78.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url .
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Hortus suburbanus Calcuttensis; A catalogue of the plants which have been cultivated in the Hon. East India Company's botanical garden, Calcutta, and in the Serampore botanical garden. By the late J. O. Voigt, printed under the superintendence of W. Griffith. Calcutta, Bishop's College Press, 1845. url p. 433.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. url p. 789.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 182.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. 53 1915 London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url , , p. 311, p. 372.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 446.
• Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. London: The Society, 1857-1864. url p. 114, p. 120.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 124, p. 144.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 9 1900 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 199.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 3 1904 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 35.
• Popular science news, formerly Boston journal of chemistry. A popular illustrated monthly devoted to the progress in zoology, botany, mineralogy, archaeology, hygiene, invention, with related physical sciences and general v. 1-36; July 1866-Dec. 1902. Boston, J.R. Nichols & co. [etc.]1866-[93]; New York, W. O. Allison [etc., 1894]-1902. url p. 86.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 254.
• Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow. Glasgow, Natural History Society of Glasgow. url p. 152.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 46.
• Strasburger's Text-book of botany. Rewritten by Dr. Hans Fitting. .. Dr. Ludwig Jost. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck. .. Dr. George Karsten. London, Macmillan, 1921. url p. 588.
• The Cottage gardeners' dictionary: describing the plants, fruits, and vegetables desirable for the garden, and explaining the terms and operations employed in their cultivation; with an alphabetical list of synonymes / edited by George W. Johnson. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1863. url p. 852.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. url p. 51, p. 565.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 41 1912-13 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 428.
• The Phytologist: a botanical journal. London, William Pamplin, 1855-1863. url p. 40, p. 502, p. 503, p. 593.
• The Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany. London, John van Voorst, 1844-56. url p. 790, p. 796, p. 798.
• The continental element in the flora of south Sweden by Rikard Sterner. Stockholm: Centraltryckeriet, 1922. url p. 240, p. 348, p. 407, p. 434, p. 440.
• The gardener's magazine and register of rural & domestic improvement. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1826-1844. url p. 113.
• The vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian frontiers (the Sayansk region) [Trondhjem]K. Norske Videnskabers Selskab[1921] url .

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 16, 2008:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5429782
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-11609
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 5194646
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:243218-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 644821

Footnotes

1. John L. Strother "Scorzonera". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 306. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 164.720 meters (540.420 feet), Standard Deviation = 133.820 based on 13,347 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.