Scorzonera hispanica

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Lactuceae

The Lactuceae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that are easily recognized because the flowering heads are composed of wholly of ligulate florets that are usually 5-lobed. Another very distinguishing feature is the milky sap . Although not apparent without magnification, the pollen is distinctive in that the spines are more or less restricted to discrete ridges or flanges on the surface of the grain. In other members of the family the spines are distributed more or less evenly over the surface of the pollen grain . The pappus usually consists of scales or stiff hairs . -- Gerald D. Carr.

Genus Scorzonera

Annuals , biennials, or perennials [subshrubs ], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems 1, erect , branched from bases and/or distally, glabrous or hairy . Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate , distal sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear , margins entire or pinnately lobed to pinnatisect (faces glabrous or ± arachnose [tomentose ]). Heads borne singly or in loose , corymbiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated , sometimes bracteate . Calyculi 0. Involucres ovoid to cylindric , 6-12[-16+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 18-30+ in 3-5+ series, deltate or ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear (± flat proximally, not enfolding subtended florets ), unequal, margins scarious , apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat, pitted , glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish. Cypselae whitish to brownish, narrowly columnar to obclavate or fusiform (sometimes ± stipitate ), not beaked , nerves usually 10, sometimes 0, faces mostly glabrous, sometimes distally villosulous [lanate ]; pappi persistent , of 28-50+, whitish, subequal , plumose to barbellate , subulate to setiform scales in 2-3 series. x = 7.

Species ca. 175: introduced ; Europe, Asia.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Disturbed sites; 10-200 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,099 meters (0 to 3,606 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Caribbean Checklist , African Flowering Plants Database , SANBI, New Zealand Plant Name Database, Flora Malesiana, IPNI, Tropicos, Euro+Med. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:15CDE7BF-30A4-4E42-AF1E-6E0F64A37F35

Last scrutiny: 16-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Scorzonera

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 12 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. hispanica (Black Oyster Plant) · S. hispanica 'Belstar' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Blackrooted Duplex' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Einjahrige' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Noir De Russie' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Vrn Maxima' (Black Salsify) · S. hispanica 'Vrn Westlandia' (Black Salsify) · S. humilis (Dwarf Viper´s Grass) · S. laciniata (Cutleaf Vipergrass) · S. manshurica (Manshurian Viper´s Grass) · S. mongolica (Mongolian Viper´s Grass) · S. sinensis (Chinese Viper´s Grass)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Manual of botany: being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants / Edinburgh: A. and C. Black, 1875. url , , .
• A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596-1599 /edited with notes, references to Gerard's Herball, the addition of modern names, and a life of the author, by Benjamin Daydon Jackson. 1876 London: Privately printed, 1876 url p. 50, p. 63.
• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 248.
• A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Prepared under the direction of Willis L. Moore, chief United States Weather Bureau. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 199.
• A general system of botany, descriptive and analytical. In two parts. Part I. Outlines of organography, anatomy, and physiology. Part II. Descriptions and illustrations of the orders. By Emm. Le Maout [and] J. Decaisne. With 5500 figures by L. Steinheil a London, Longmans, Green & Co.1873. url .
• A guide to the orchard and fruit garden; or, An account of the most valuable fruits cultivated in Great Britain: with kalendars of the work required in the orchard and kitchen garden during every month in the year. By George Lindley. Ed. by John Lindley. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green, 1831. url p. 576.
• A handbook of systematic botany / by Dr. E. Warming with a revision of the fungi by Dr. E. Knoblauch, tr. and ed. by M. C. Potter. New York: Macmillan & Co., 1895. url p. 574.
• A handbook of systematic botany; with a revision of the fungi, by E. Knoblauch; tr. and ed. by M.C. Potter. London, Swan[1904] url p. 574.
• A manual flora of Egypt / by Reno Muschler. With a preface by Paul Ascherson and Georg Schweinfurth. Berlin, R. Friedlaender, 1912. url p. 1055, p. 1204.
• A manual of botany: being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants. By John Hutton Balfour. London: J. J. Griffin [etc.] 1851. url p. 158, p. 441.
• A manual of botany: including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, John Churchill and Sons, 1870. url p. 579.
• A student's text-book of botany, by Sydney H. Vines. With 483 illustrations. London, Macmillan & co., 1896. url , .
• A student's text-book of botany. London, Sonnenschein, 1894. url p. 141, p. 194.
• A text-book of botany / London; Macmillan, 1898. url , , .
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• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 107, p. 466, p. 468.
• Amateur cultivator's guide to the flower and kitchen gardens: containing a descriptive list of two thousand varieties of flower and vegetable seeds; also a list of French hybrid gladiolus raised and imported by / Washburn and Company, Seed Merchants. Boston: Washburn, 1869. url p. 122.
• Amino acid pools: distribution, formation and function of free amino acids; proceedings. Edited by Joseph T. Holden. Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Washington, D.C., under the auspices of the Institute for A[d]vanced Learning in the Medical Sciences. Amsterdam, Elsevier Pub. Co.1962. url p. 43, p. 66, p. 808, p. 815.
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• Commercial gardening, a practical & scientific treatise for market gardeners, market growers, fruit, flower & vegetable growers, nurserymen, etc. By many practical specialists under the editorship of John Weathers. London, The Gresham publishing company, 1913. url p. 198, p. 199.
• Comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the phanerogams and ferns / by A. de Bary; translated and annotated by F.O. Bower and D.H. Scott; with 241 woodcuts and an index. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884. url p. 190, p. 434, p. 517, p. 518, p. 524, p. 653.
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• History of vegetable substances used in the arts, in domestic economy, and for the food of man. Boston: Lilly, Wait, Colman and Holden, 1833. url p. 254.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:

• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, BDBCV BioBlitz in Penyagolosa
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2669261
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-11610
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:243208-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 33412
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 505091
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SCHI2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 61972

Footnotes

1. John L. Strother "Scorzonera". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 306. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Scorzonera hispanica". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 306, 307. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 262.370 meters (860.794 feet), Standard Deviation = 222.520 based on 379 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.