Scilla peruviana

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Scilla

Herbs, perennial , scapose , from bulbs. Bulbs perennial, ovoid to globose , composed of free scales , progressively renewed annually. Leaves few, basal. Inflorescences racemose or cymose , 1-many-flowered, sometimes bracteate ; bracts none or 1, subtending each flower. Flowers: perianth usually blue or purple, rarely white; tepals distinct to base , each 1-veined; stamens 6; filaments inserted at base of perianth, distinct; anthers dorsifixed , introrse ; pistil 1, 3-carpellate; ovary superior, 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 1-10 per locule; style simple . Fruits capsular , 3-lobed, subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 3-30, not winged , globose to ellipsoid , elaiosomes present. x = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

Species ca. 50: introduced ; Eurasia , especially Mediterranean area and sw Asia; s Africa.

A number of species of Scilla are commonly grown for their early, showy spring flowers, and present the possibility of becoming naturalized . In particular, S. bifolia Linnaeus, two-leaved squill, has been reported in Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972-1985, vol. 1) and northwestern Indiana (F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). The summer-flowering hyacinth squill, S. hyacinthoides Linnaeus [Nectaroscilla hyacinthoides (Linnaeus) Parlatore], has been collected along roadsides near Mooringsport, Louisiana, and in Navarro County, Texas; it is readily distinguished from the spring-flowering species by its tall scapes (30-80 cm) with more than 40 flowers, and its more numerous leaves (8-10).

F. Speta (1998, 1998b) drastically split Scilla, placing the Eurasian members into 10-12 mostly small genera on the basis of molecular (M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999) and karyological (J. Greilhuber 1982; J. Greilhuber et al. 1981; F. Speta 1979) studies, as well as morphological data. Some of these segregate genera correspond to subgenera and sections recognized in other Eurasian treatments over the past 75 years (e.g. , P. Chouard 1930; J. McNeill 1980; E. V. Mordak 1984), but others represent even finer splitting .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 141 meters (462 feet).[2]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 3-6" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Oncostema peruviana (L.) Speta

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Species Plantarum 1753 (1 May 1753)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Scilla

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 23 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. amoena (Star Hyacinth) · S. autumnalis (Autumn Squill) · S. bifolia (Alpine Squill) · S. bifolia 'Rosea' (Alpine Squill) · S. maderensis (Madeira Squill) · S. mischtschenkoana (Early Scilla) · S. morrisii (Morris Squill) · S. numidica (Fall Squill) · S. orientalis (Oriental Two-Leaved Squill) · S. pauciflora (Scilla) · S. peruviana (Caribbean Lily) · S. peruvianavar. alba (Caribbean Lily) · S. pratensis (Amethyst Meadow Squill) · S. rosenii (Scilla) · S. scilloides (Squill) · S. siberica (Siberian Squill) · S. siberica 'Alba' (Siberian Squill) · S. siberica 'Boreas' (Siberian Squill 'boreas') · S. siberica 'Spring Beauty' (Siberian Squill) · S. tubergeniana (English Bluebell) · S. verna (Spring Squill) · S. violacea (South African Squill) · S. winogradowii (Wax Flower Orchid)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 77.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , p. 840.
• A practical treatise on the culture of the carnation, pink, auricula, polyanthus, ranunculus, tulip, hyacinth, rose, and other flowers: with a dissertation on soils and manures, and catalogues of the most esteemed varieties of each flower. By Thomas Hogg. London, Whittaker & co., 1839. url .
• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url p. 360.
• Bulb propagation and trade study WWF url p. 91.
• Bulbs and tuberous-rooted plants: their history, description, methods of propagation and complete directions for their successful culture in the garden, dwelling and greenhouse / by C.L. Allen. New York: O. Judd, 1919. url p. 273.
• Bulbs and tuberous-rooted plants; their history, description, methods of propagation and complete directions for their successful culture in the garden, dwelling and greenhouse, by C.L. Allen. New York: Orange Judd Co., 1893. url p. 273.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url , , p. 12, p. 12, p. 215, p. 334, p. 540, p. 542, p. 543, p. 545, p. 546.
• Edwards's botanical register. 29 1843 London: James Ridgway, 1829-1847. url , .
• Fessenden's silk manual and practical farmer. Devoted to the culture of silk, agriculture, and rural economy. Boston, George C. Barrett, 1835-37. url p. 80.
• Flora calpensis; contributions to the botany and topography of Gibraltar, and its neighbourhood. By E. F. Kelaart. London, J. van Voorst, 1846. url p. 162, p. 59.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 284.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url .
• Gardening for amateurs; a simple, complete, and practical guide for garden lovers, edited by H. H. Thomas. Illustrated by twenty-four coloured plates and many hundreds of photographs and sketches. New York: Funk and Wagnalls company, [1915] url p. 652.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 1031.
• Hand-list of tender momocotyledons, excluding Orchideae, cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew. London, Printed for H. M. S. O., by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1897. url p. 217.
• Hand-list of tender monocotyledons, excluding Orchideae, cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew. 1897. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off. by Eyre and Spottiswoode1897 url p. 217.
• Henderson's Handbook of plants and general horticulture. By Peter Henderson. New York, P. Henderson & company, 1910. url .
• Isis. Baltimore, Md. [etc.] url p. 48.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 155.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 37 1936 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 101, p. 304, p. 95.
• New England farmer, and gardener's journal. Boston: George C. Barrett, 1835-. url p. 104, p. 63, p. 71, p. 80, p. 88.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 386, p. 433.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 212.
• Poisonous plants of all countries, by A. Bernhard-Smith. London, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 1923. url p. 30.
• Pollen / by M. Pakenham Edgeworth. London: Hardwicke & Bogue, 1877. url p. 14, p. 14.
• Spicilegium florae Maroccanae / by John Ball. London: Printed by Taylor and Francis, 1878. url p. 686.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 478.
• The American gardener's calendar; adapted to the climates and seasons of the United States. Containing a complete account of all the work necessary to be done. .. for every month in the year; with ample practical directions for performing the same. .. By Bernard M'Mahon. Philadelphia, Printed by B. Graves, no. 40, North Fourth-Street, for the author, 1806. url p. 534.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 42, p. 42.
• The Book of gardening; a handbook of horticulture. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1900. url .
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement followed by a description of the plants, shrubs and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1921. url p. 716.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 712.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , p. 12, p. 164, p. 166, p. 17, p. 187, p. 19, p. 193, p. 228, p. 257, p. 276, p. 281, p. 287, p. 288, p. 297, p. 300, p. 300, p. 305, p. 317, p. 321, p. 336, p. 336, p. 351, p. 354, p. 356, p. 380, p. 424, p. 434, p. 448, p. 452, p. 458, p. 460, p. 474, p. 487, p. 496, p. 50, p. 504, p. 567, p. 58, p. 580, p. 69, p. 8.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 1039, p. 1201, p. 386, p. 474, p. 774.
• The Gardeners' chronicle. 1843 London: published for the proprietors, 1841-1843. url p. vii.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , p. 116, p. 119, p. 2, p. 20, p. 218, p. 246, p. 26, p. 28, p. 290, p. 32, p. 324, p. 333, p. 368, p. 376, p. 376, p. 388, p. 394, p. 400, p. 400, p. 416, p. 428, p. 429, p. 48, p. 495, p. 540, p. 570, p. 574, p. 59, p. 60, p. 678, p. 703, p. 714, p. 734, p. 763, p. 777, p. 78, p. 794, p. 799.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 376, p. 382, p. 386, p. 433, p. 440.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 285, p. 285, p. 485, p. 493.
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• The London and Edinburgh philosophical magazine and journal of science. London: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1832-1840. url p. 286.
• The Magazine of horticulture, botany, and all useful discoveries and improvements in rural affairs. Boston: Hovey and Co., 1837- url p. 369.
• The Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany. London, John van Voorst, 1844-56. url p. 89.
• The book of hardy flowers; a simple and complete descriptive guide to the cultivation in gardens of the trees and shrubs, perennial and annual flowers, that are hardy, or are suitable for planting out-of-doors in summer in temp Ed. by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with thirty-two direct color photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke and sixty-four half-tone plates. 1915 New York, Funk & Wagnalls company; [etc., etc.][1915] url p. 406.
• The bulb book; or, Bulbous and tuberous plants for the open air, stove, and greenhouse, containing particulars as to descriptions, culture, propagation, etc.. .. by John Weathers. London, J. Murray, 1911. url p. 417.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 272, p. 660.
• The differential analysis of starches, by James B. McNair. 9 1930 Chicago, 1930. url p. 19, p. 25.
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• Chouard, P. 1930. Types de Développement de lAppareil Végétatif Chez les Scillées. D.Sc. thesis. University of Paris. [Preprinted from Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 10, 13: 131322. 1931.]
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 05, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5854615
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-288872
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:540971-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 33340
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 119189-3
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SCPE13
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 62186

Footnotes

1. J. McNeill "Scilla". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 58, 315, 320. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Standard Deviation = 323.320 based on 51 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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