Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Nutty Saw-Wort, Chaffless Saw-Wort, Dwarf Saw-Wort
Description
Family Compositae
The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.
Genus Saussurea
Perennials
, 5-120+ cm; herbage
tomentose
or glabrescent
, not spiny
. Stems erect
or ascending
, simple
or branched. Leaves basal or cauline (sometimes cauline only), sessile or petiolate
; blade
margins
entire or dentate
to pinnately lobed
, faces
glabrous
to densely tomentose, glandular
or eglandular
. Heads discoid
, borne singly or in corymbiform
arrays. Involucres ovoid
to campanulate
or ± turbinate
. Phyllaries many in 3-5(-10+) series, subequal
to strongly unequal, appressed
or not, ovate
to lanceolate, margins entire, toothed
, or lobed, apices obtuse
or acute, appendaged or not, not spine-tipped. Receptacles flat or convex
, epaleate, smooth
, usually subulate-scaly, sometimes bristly
or naked. Florets 10-20; corollas white to blue or purple, tubes
slender, abruptly expanded to throats
, lobes
linear
; anther
bases
short-tailed, apical appendages
linear, acute; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy
subterminal
nodes, distinct
portions oblong
to linear, short-papillate. Cypselae oblong, ± angled
, cylindric
or 4-5-angled, ribs
(when present) smooth or roughened, apices entire, glabrous or minutely glandular, attachment scars
basal; pappi usually of 2 series, outer of readily falling, short bristles
, inner persistent
or falling as unit
, of basally connate
, usually longer
, plumose
bristles. x = 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19?.
Species 300-400: North America, Eurasia
, 1 in Australia.
Saussurea is a notoriously difficult, largely Asiatic genus with species boundaries often indistinct.[1]
Physical Description
Species Saussurea nuda
Plants 5-60 cm; branched caudices; herbage
subglabrous to
loosely tomentose
when young, ± glabrescent
, at least proximally.
Stems usually simple
. Leaves basal and cauline ±
smaller distally, tapered to winged
petioles
to 7 cm, blades
elliptic
or lanceolate to ovate
, 5-15 cm, bases
obtuse
to acute, margins
subentire
to sinuate
, dentate
or denticulate
, apices acute to acuminate; distal
cauline sessile, ± decurrent. Heads 3-20+ in corymbiform
to subcapitate
arrays; (peduncles 0-5 cm.. Involucres 10-15
mm.
Phyllaries in 3-4 series subequal
or weakly imbricate,
linear
to lanceolate, abaxial
faces
dark green, often tinged dark
purplish, loosely villous
or ± tomentose. Receptacles
naked. Florets 15-20; corollas purple, 8-11 mm, tubes
4-6
mm, throats
1.5-2 mm, lobes
3-3.5 mm; anthers
dark purple. Cypselae
stramineous
, 6-7 mm; pappi of white to brownish, outer bristles
1-3
mm, inner 9-10 mm. 2n = 26 (as S. densa). [source]
North American populations of Saussurea nuda occur in two
distinctly different sets
of habitats
. Plants
from coastal Alaska
have been recognized as var. nuda and dwarfed alpine
plants
from the northern Rockies as var. densa. According to E. Hultén
(1941-1950, vol.
10), the only differences between var. densa
and var. nuda are the "more densely denticulated leaves
and very congested
inflorescences" of the former. Notwithstanding
the very different habitats, some coastal Alaskan specimens [e.g.
,
Ward 53 (ALA
) ] are indistinguishable from the alpine forms.
In Siberia, S. nuda is a polymorphic
species occurring from
coastal sites to alpine areas (S. J. Lipschitz 1979). [source]
Saussurea ×tschuktschorum Lipschitz is apparently
a hybrid between S. angustifolia and S. nuda. It resembles
S. angustifolia; it has naked receptacles like S. nuda.
[source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August. • Flower Color: lavender, violet
Size/Age/Growth
Size: under 6" tall.
Habitat
Coastal dunes, estuaries, alpine tundra ; 0-100, 2000-2800 m (Ref. 103504).
Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 487 meters (1,597 feet).[2]
Biome: Coastal.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 1. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Compositae
(
)
- Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily:
Carduoideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Carduoideae
(
- Family:
Compositae
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Superorder:
Campanulanae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
S. alpina var. ledebourii A. Gray • S. densa (Hooker) Rydberg • S. nuda densa (Hooker) G. W. Douglas • S. nuda var. densa (Hooker) Hultén • Saussurea alpina (Linnaeus) De Candolle
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Comment: Data Providers: Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn
:lsid:compositae.org:names:BB08809F-2DA5-4A5C-A580-F8F567549FE3
Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-09
Similar Species
Members of the genus Saussurea
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 13 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
S. alpina (Alpine Sawwort) · S. amara (Saussurea) · S. americana (American Saw-Wort) · S. angustifolia (Narrowleaf Saw-Wort) · S. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Narrowleaf Saw-Wort) · S. angustifolia var. yukonensis (Narrowleaf Saw-Wort) · S. angustifolia yukonensis (Narrowleaf Saw-Wort) · S. densa (Clustered Sawwort) · S. nuda (Nutty Saw-Wort) · S. tilesii (Tiles' Saussurea) · S. tschuktschorum (Tschuktsch's Saussurea) · S. viscida (Sticky Saw-Wort) · S. weberi (Weber's Saw-Wort)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 773.
- Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 187.
- Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 137.
- Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 541.
- Contributions to the botany of the Yukon Territory, by Marshall A. Howe [and ohters] New York, 1901 url p. 187.
- Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 478.
- National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 371.
- Studies on Rocky Mountain flora. New York, New York Botanical Garden, 1899-1913. url p. 541.
- Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 94.
- Lipschitz, S. J. 1979. Rod Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Leningrad.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657653
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-11792
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746901
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:242490-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 452240
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36076
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SANU
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 61520
Footnotes
- David J. Keil "Saussurea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 58, 83, 165. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Standard Deviation = 1,170.330 based on 6 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
