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• Physical Description
• Similar Species
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Taxonomy

Physical Description

Family Boraginaceae:

Herbs perennial, biennial, or annual, less often lianas, shrubs, or trees, usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple, exstipulate, alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin. Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed, mostly persistent. Corolla tubular, campanulate, rotate, funnelform, or salverform; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat, included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse, 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base, less often medifixed, dehiscence longitudinal. Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous, semianatropous, or anatropous. Style terminal or gynobasic, branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate, or subulate. Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings, prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips) . Seeds vertical or oblique, coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved; cotyledons flat, fleshy.

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions, centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.^[1]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sarcanthus:

There are approximately 202 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: S. amabilis · S. angkorensis · S. apiculatus · S. appendiculatus · S. arietinus · S. armeniacus · S. armiger · S. asperrimus · S. aspersus · S. auriculatus · S. bambusarum · S. beccarii · S. beckleri · S. belophorus · S. bicolor · S. bicornis · S. bicuspidatus · S. bifidus · S. bilamellatus · S. birmanicus · S. bracteatus · S. brevipes · S. buruensis · S. callosilobus · S. callosus · S. capricornis · S. carinatus · S. carinus · S. castaneus · S. cerinus · S. chrysomelas · S. complicatus · S. constrictus · S. crassifolius · S. crassissimus · S. croceus · S. crochetii · S. crucicallus · S. cumingii · S. dalatensis · S. dealbatus · S. decurvicalcar · S. demangei · S. densiflorus · S. discolor · S. draco · S. duplicilobus · S. eberhardtii · S. elongatus · S. erectus · S. erinaceus · S. fallax · S. filiformis · S. fissicors · S. flaccidus · S. flagellaris · S. flagelliformis · S. flavus · S. flexus · S. forbesii · S. fordii · S. formosanum · S. fuerstenbergianus · S. furstenbergianus · S. fuscomaculatus · S. geminatus · S. gemmata · S. gemmatus · S. geoffrayi · S. gilberti · S. gjellerupii · S. guttatus · S. halophilus · S. henryi · S. hincksiana · S. hirtus · S. holttumii · S. hongkongensis · S. inflatus · S. inflexilobus · S. insectifer · S. ionosmus · S. javanicus · S. josephii · S. khasiaensis · S. koeteiensis · S. krabiensis · S. krempfii · S. kremphii · S. kunstleri · S. kuyperi · S. lanatus · S. laosensis · S. latifolius · S. laxus · S. lendyanus · S. leytensis · S. lilacinus · S. linearilobatus · S. litoreus

Bibliography

• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

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Notes

Contributors:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 07, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 07, 2007:

• Avian Knowledge Network, Hawk Migration Association of North America - HawkCount
• Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity - Fish Collection
• Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles database

Identifiers:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15713574
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:656348-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 2627303

Footnotes:

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.