Santolina chamaecyparissus

• Overview
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Medium growing spreading perennial . Small yellow flowers. Fragrant, evergreen gray foliage make this a valuable edging and rock garden perennial. Likes sun. Blooms beginning in late summer. Height 18-24 inches. Spacing 15-18 inches. Prefers well-drained sandy or loamy soil in full sun . Cut back each spring . Prune hard after flowering in June. Zones 6-8..

Common Names

Description

Genus Santolina

Subshrubs , [5-]10-60 cm (sometimes ± rhizomatous ; aromatic ). Stems usually 1, ± erect [decumbent to ascending ], branched mostly from bases [± throughout], often tomentose to lanate , sometimes glabrate or glabrous [sericeous ] (hairs mostly medifixed ) and gland-dotted. Leaves cauline [mostly basal]; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades narrowly oblong or spatulate to linear , usually 1-pinnately lobed (lobes usually crowded and overall effect ± vermiform ), ultimate margins entire or ± crenate , faces usually arachnose or tomentose to lanate, sometimes glabrate or glabrous [sericeous]. Heads discoid , borne singly (pedunculate ). Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, [3-]6-10[-12+] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (soon indurate ), 18-45+ in 3(-5+) series, distinct , lanceolate to elliptic (usually carinate ), unequal, margins and apices (usually light to dark brown, sometimes purple) scarious (abaxial faces glabrous or ± arachnose, glabrescent ). Receptacles convex to hemispheric, paleate; paleae ± lanceolate, ± navicular (each with central resin duct ). Ray florets 0. Disc florets mostly 60-250+, bisexual , fertile ; corollas pale to bright or deep yellow [whitish], tubes often compressed (± winged and/or saccate , ± clasping apices of cypselae), throats ± funnelform , lobes 5, lance-ovate. Cypselae obconic to obovoid , sometimes slightly obcompressed , 3-5-angled, faces glabrous (pericarps sometimes with myxogenic cells , without resin sacs) ; pappi 0. x = 9.

Species 8-12+: introduced ; s Europe, n Africa.[1]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring . For a formal appearance , shear annually after flowering.

Habitat

Disturbed sites, abandoned plantings ; 0-400 m

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Prefers organic soil. Needs good drainage . • Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 9.0

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3" of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:5 (>30 to 45 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:842. 1753

Name verified on 07-Nov-1985 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 31-Dec-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Santolina

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 93 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. ablongifolia · S. africana · S. ageratifolia · S. ageratum · S. alpina · S. amellus · S. annua · S. anthemoides · S. ascensionis · S. benthamiana · S. canescens · S. chamaecyparissus (Cotton Lavender) · S. chamaecyparissus L. var. corsica Fiori · S. chamaecyparissus 'Double Lemon' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Lambrook Silver' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Lavender Cotton' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Lemon Fizz' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Lemon Queen' (Cotton Lavender) · S. chamaecyparissus magonica · S. chamaecyparissus 'Nana' (Dwarf Lavender-Cotton) · S. chamaecyparissus 'Pretty Carol' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Pretty Carroll' (Pretty Carroll Santolina) · S. chamaecyparissus 'Small-Ness' · S. chamaecyparissus 'Small Ness' · S. chamaecyparissus squarrosa · S. chamaecyparissus tomentosa · S. chamaecyparissus var. nana 'Weston' · S. chamecyparissus · S. corsica · S. crenata · S. crithmifolia · S. cuneifolia · S. cupressiformis · S. dentata · S. elegans · S. erecta · S. ericoides · S. eriosperma · S. etrusca · S. flava · S. fragrantissima · S. heterophylla · S. impressa · S. incana (Lavender Cotton) · S. incana 'Nana' (Lavender Cotton) · S. incana neapolitana (Neapolitan Santolina) · S. insularis · S. jamaicensis · S. leucantha · S. ligustica · S. lindavica · S. linearifolia · S. macrophylla · S. marchii · S. maritima · S. melidensis · S. millefolium · S. montana · S. neapolitana · S. nobilis · S. oblongifolia · S. 'Oldfield Hybrid' · S. oppositifolia · S. pectinata · S. pinnata (Green Santolina) · S. pinnata neapolitana · S. pinnata neapolitana 'Edward Bowles' · S. pinnata neapolitana 'Sulphurea' · S. rosmarinifolia (Green Lavender Cotton) · S. rosmarinifolia 'Caerulea' · S. rosmarinifolia canescens · S. rosmarinifolia 'Morning Mist' (Green Lavender Cotton) · S. rosmarinifolia rosmarinifolia · S. rosmarinifolia rosmarinifolia cream-flowered · S. rosmarinifolia rosmarinifolia 'Primrose Gem' · S. rosmarinifolia rosmarinifolia white-flowered · S. 'Sant101' · S. semidentata · S. Shades of Jade = 'Sant101' · S. sinaica · S. squarrosa · S. suaveolens · S. tinctoria · S. tomentosa · S. trifurcata · S. tuberculosa · S. variifolia · S. villosa · S. virens (Green Lavender Cotton) · S. viridis · S. viscosa · S. zamorana · S. rosmarinifolia melidensis

More Info

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Further Reading

• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 355.
• Annales de la Société entomologique de France. Paris: La Société, FRE url p. 141, p. 155.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 463.
• Botanische Reisestudien auf einer Frülingsfahrt durch Korsika / M. Rikli. Zürich: Fäsi & Beer, 1903. GER url p. 138.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 124.
• Bulletin de l'Acadmie internationale de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1899-1910. FRE url p. 144.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Andover: Intercept. ENG url p. 128, p. 174.
• Bulletins de l'Acad©mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. FRE url p. 781.
• Bullettino. Florence. ITA url p. 142.
• Conspectus florae Graecae / auctore E. de Halácsy. Lipsiae: Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, 1901-1904 [i.e. 1900-1904] LAT url p. 51.
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. (F Ceylon)
• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk) [prob. introd.].
• Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge / von Professor Dr. Adalbert Seitz. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen, 1909- GER url p. 279.
• Die palaearktischen tortriciden. Eine monographische darstellung mit 24 tafeln in farbendruck, einer stammtafel und mehreren abbildungen im text. Mit einer unterstützung des "Elizabeth-Thompson-science fund" in Boston bearb. von dr. Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart, 1908-. GER url p. 162, p. 336.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 88, p. 91, p. 95.
• Entomologische Mitteilungen. [Berlin: Deutsches Entomologisches Institut der Kaiser Wilhelm-gesellschaft, 1912-1928]. GER url p. 191.
• Flora Sardoa; seu Historia plantarum in Sardinia et adjacentibus insulis vel sponte nascentium vel ad utilitatem latius excultarum, auctore Josepho Hyacintho Moris. Taurini, Ex Regio Typographeo, 1837-59. LAT url p. 388.
• Flora of Peru. Michael O. Dillon. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1981. ENG url p. 15, p. v.
• Flora von Brixen a. E.; ein mit Standorts- und Höhenangaben versehenes Verzeichnis der im weiteren Gebiete von Brixen a. E. (Südtirol) beobachteten wildwachsenden höheren Sporen- und Samenpflanzen, der Nutzgewächse und Zierg Wien, Deuticke, 1911. GER url p. 284.
• Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 315, p. 503.
• Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. (Glea Cron)
• Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 806.
• Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard) [= Telanthophora grandifolia (Less.) H. B. L. Rob. & Brettell].
• Introduccin al estudio de la flrula de micromicetos de Catalua / por Romualdo Gonzlez Fragoso. Barcelona: Museo Martorell, 1917. SPA url p. 187.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 300, p. 522, p. 552.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Krüssmann, G. 1984. Handbuch de Laubgeholze, Engl. translat. (Krussmann)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. (F CalifMunz)
• Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs. (Rehder)
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 34.
• Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
• Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich: Fäsi & Beer, GER url p. 153.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed March 21, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 18 providers.
• "Santolina chamaecyparissus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 497, 498. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 29, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• GBIF-Spain, BDBCV BioBlitz in Penyagolosa
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3875189
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-38354
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13680756
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:241927-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 33078
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38354
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SACH2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60138

Footnotes

1. Linda E. Watson "Santolina". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 26, 487, 497. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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