Sanicula arctopoides

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Sanicula

Herbs biennial or perennial . Stem erect , ascending or rarely decumbent , glabrous (Chinese species). Leaves petiolate , sheaths generally membranous, or subsessile ; blade orbicular , round-cordate or cordate-pentagonal, palmately 3-5-parted and often lobed , margin serrate or doubly setose-serrate. Umbels simple or compound ; peduncles racemous, cymous or corymbose-branched; bracts foliaceous , usually serrate; bracteoles small, entire, rarely lobed; umbellules with both sessile or subsessile, bisexual flowers and pedicellate , staminate flowers . Calyx teeth prominent , connate and persistent . Petals white, greenish white, pale yellow, purple or pale blue, spatulate or obovate with a narrowly inflexed apex. Stylopodium absent or discoid-flat; styles shorter than or exceeding the calyx teeth, recurved. Fruit long-ellipsoid or subglobose, densely covered with uncinate or straight bristles , or tubercles ; ribs inconspicuous or slightly prominent; vittae distinct or obscure , irregularly arranged on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, usually 3 on commissure . Seed-face concave or sulcate . Carpophore absent.

About 40 species: predominately in temperate regions , some species in subtropical regions; 17 species (11 endemic) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,265 meters (0 to 4,150 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Sanicula crassicaulis var. howellii (Coult. & Rose) Mathias • Sanicula howellii (Coult. & Rose) Shan & Constance

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sanicula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 34 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. arctopoides (Bears-Foot Sanicle) · S. arguta (Sharptooth Blacksnakeroot) · S. bipinnata (Poison Sanicle) · S. bipinnatifida (Purple Sanicle) · S. caerulescens (Blue Sanicle) · S. canadensis (Black Snakeroot) · S. canadensis var. canadensis (Canadian Blacksnakeroot) · S. canadensis var. genuina (Canadian Black Snakeroot) · S. canadensis var. grandis (Canadian Blacksnakeroot) · S. canadensis var. marilandica (Canadian Black Snakeroot) · S. crassicaulis (Pacific Blacksnakeroot) · S. crassicaulis var. crassicaulis (Pacific Blacksnakeroot) · S. crassicaulis var. menziesii (Western Snakeroot) · S. crassicaulis var. tripartita (Pacific Blacksnakeroot) · S. europaea (European Sanicle) · S. europaea elata (European Sanicle) · S. graveolens (Northern Sanicle) · S. hoffmannii (Hoffmann's Blacksnakeroot) · S. kauaiensis (Kauai Blacksnakeroot) · S. laciniata (Coastal Blacksnakeroot) · S. marilandica (Black Sanicle) · S. marilandica var. borealis (Black Snakeroot) · S. marilandica var. canadensis (Black Snakeroot) · S. maritima (Adobe Snakeroot) · S. mariversa (Waianae Range Blacksnakeroot) · S. odorata (Cluster Sanicle) · S. peckiana (Peck's Blacksnakeroot) · S. purpurea (Purpleflower Blacksnakeroot) · S. sandwicensis (Hawai'i Blacksnakeroot) · S. saxatilis (Devil's Blacksnakeroot) · S. smallii (Small's Blacksnakeroot) · S. tracyi (Tracy's Blacksnakeroot) · S. trifoliata (Largefruit Black Snakeroot) · S. tuberosa (Turkey Pea)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 663.
• A flora of western middle California, Berkeley, Cal., Encina Publishing Company, 1901. url .
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 219, p. 220.
• An introduction to California plant life Berkeley: University of California Press, [c1974] url p. 151, p. 78.
• Botany. Cambridge, Mass., Welch, Bigelow, University Press, 1876-80. url p. 256, p. 256.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 63, p. 64.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 7 1900-1902 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 32, p. 37.
• Flora Franciscana. An attempt to classify and describe the vascular plants of middle California. By Edward L. Greene. San Francisco, Cubery & Co., Printers, 1891-97. url p. 316.
• Flora of southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island: with many references to Alaska and northern species / by Joseph Kaye Henry. Toronto: W.J. Gage, c1915. url p. 217.
• Hooker, W. J. & G. A. W. Arnott. The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage;comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey. .. in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28.By Sir William Jackson Hooker. .. and G. A. Walker Arnott. .. 1841 London, H. G. Bohn, 1841. url p. 141, p. 142, p. 347, p. 478.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 155, p. 299, p. 94.
• Menzies' journal of Vancouver's voyage, April to October, 1792 / edited with botanical and ethnological notes, by C.F. Newcombe and a biographical note by J. Forsyth. Victoria, B.C.: Printed by W.H. Cullin, 1923. url p. 145.
• Monograph of the North American Umbelliferae by John M. Coulter and J.N. Rose. Washington: G.P.O., 1900. url .
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 148, p. 81.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] url p. 91.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 654.
• Report for the year - British Columbia Provincial Museum. [Victoria]; Printed by A. Sutton [etc.], for the Queen. url .
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. 4 1856 Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 91.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 117, p. 158, p. 93.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url , p. 141, p. 143, p. 466, p. 467, p. 468, p. 469, p. 470, p. 471, p. 739, p. 743, p. 760.
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 256, p. 70.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 2 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 335, p. 353.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 13, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 12, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2653087
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-29846
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13744749
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:847802-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 453438
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 29846
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SAHO8
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 61393

Footnotes

1. Sheh Meng-lan, Loy R. Phillippe "Sanicula". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 19. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 65.870 meters (216.109 feet), Standard Deviation = 358.950 based on 143 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.