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Sanguisorba officinalis

(Greater Salad Burnet)

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in Chinese:

Di Yu

Common Names in English:

Burnet Bloodwort, Garden Burnet, Great Burnet, Greater Burnet, Greater Salad Burnet, Official Burnet, Salad Burnet, Sanguisorba

Common Names in Finnish:

Isoluppio, Rohtoluppio

Common Names in French:

Grande Pimprenelle

Common Names in German:

Großer Wiesenknopf

Common Names in Italian:

Salvastrella

Common Names in Japanese:

Waremoko

Common Names in Russian:

кровоцхлебка аптечная, Krovochlebka Aptečnaja

Common Names in Spanish:

Pimpinela Mayor

Description

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Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Sanguisorba

Herbs perennial . Rootstock robust , bearing many fusiform , cylindric roots in lower part. Stipules sheathing , adnate to petiole , petiole sheathing and imbricate at base ; leaf blade imparipinnate ; leaflets serrate at margin . Inflorescences terminal on elongate scapes, densely capitate or spicate , bracteate and bracteolate . Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual (when plants monoecious). Hypanthium with a constricted throat . Sepals 4(-7), imbricate, petaloid , purple, red, pink, or white, rarely greenish. Petals absent. Disk lining hypanthium. Stamens usually 4, rarely more, inserted in throat of hypanthium; filaments free , rarely partly connate ; anthers didymous . Carpel 1(or 2), included in hypanthium; ovule pendulous; style terminal, filiform ; stigma penicillate . Achene dry, included in hardened, muricate or winged hypanthium. Cotyledons planoconvex. x = 7.

About 30 species: Asia, Europe, North America; seven species (one endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Species Sanguisorba officinalis

Herbs perennial , 30-120 cm tall. Rootstock brown or purple-brown, robust , usually fusiform , rarely terete , cross section yellow-white or purple. Stems erect , angular, glabrous , or base pilose or sparsely glandular hairy . Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, glabrous or abaxially sparsely glandular hairy; petiole long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, base sheathing and imbricate, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; leaf blade with 4-6 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets petiolulate , green on both surfaces, ovate , oblong-ovate, fasciated oblong , or fasciated lanceolate, 1-7 × 0.5-3 cm, base cordate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely or rarely acutely serrate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose; cauline leaves: stipules large, semiovate, herbaceous, margin acutely serrate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base subcordate to rounded , apex acute. Inflorescences erect, spicate , ellipsoid , cylindric , or ovoid , usually 1-6 × 0.5-1 cm, flowering from apex to base; rachis glabrous or occasionally sparsely glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, membranous, abaxially pilose, apex acuminate to caudate . Sepals 4, purple, red, pink, or white, elliptic to broadly ovate, abaxially pilose, with faint longitudinal midvein , usually with shortly acute apex. Stamens 4; filaments filiform , 0.5-1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond them or not. Ovary glabrous or puberulous ; stigma dilated , discoid , margin fimbriate-papillate. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: black, dark purple, maroon, red

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Habitat

Thinned forests , forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands, grassy mountain slopes , damp places in ravines , stream banks; near sea level to 3000 m. [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,916 meters (0 to 9,567 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Poterium officinale (L.) A. Gray
  2. Sanguisorba baicalensis Popl.
  3. Sanguisorba carnea Fisch. Ex Link
  4. Sanguisorba major Gilib.
  5. Sanguisorba microcephala C. Presl
  6. Sanguisorba officinalis forma pilosella (Ohwi) H. Hara
  7. Sanguisorba officinalis microcephala (C. Presl) Calder & R. L. Taylor
  8. Sanguisorba Officinalis Officinalis
  9. Sanguisorba officinalis var. carnea (Fisch.) Regel Ex Maxim.
  10. Sanguisorba officinalis var. montana (Jord. Ex Boreau) Focke
  11. Sanguisorba officinalis var. pilosella Ohwi
  12. Sanguisorba officinalis var. polygama (F. Nyl.) Mela & Cajander
  13. Sanguisorba polygama F. Nyl.

Notes

An accepted name in the RHS Horticultural Database.

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:116. 1753

Name verified on 30-Apr-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Apr-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Sanguisorba

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 206 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. agrimoniifolia · S. agrimonioides · S. agrimonoides · S. albanica · S. albiflora · S. alpina · S. altissima · S. alveolosa · S. ancistroides · S. ancistroides parviflora · S. ancistroides subsp. parviflora · S. andersonii · S. angustifolia · S. annua (Prairie Burnet) · S. applanata · S. applanata var. applanata · S. applanata var. villosa · S. argutidens · S. armena · S. auriculata · S. azovtsevii · S. benthamiana · S. 'Blacksmiths Burgundy' · S. bracteosa · S. canadensis (American Burnet) · S. canadensis latifolia · S. canadensis 'Red Thunder' · S. canadensis var. media · S. carnea · S. caucasica · S. caudata · S. cernua · S. 'Chocolate Tip' · S. cordifolia · S. coreana · S. cretica · S. cylindrica · S. diandra · S. diandra var. diandra · S. diandra var. villosa · S. dodecandra · S. filiformis · S. globularis · S. hakusanensis · S. hakusanensis var. coreana · S. hispanica · S. hybrida · S. indica · S. indicum · S. ingrica · S. intermedia · S. japonensis · S. 'John Coke' · S. kishinamii · S. komaroviana · S. 'Korean Snow' · S. lateriflora · S. longa · S. longa f. dilutiflora · S. longa forma dilutiflora · S. macrostachya · S. maderensis · S. magnifica · S. magnolii · S. major · S. 'Major Roma' · S. maroccana · S. media · S. mediterranea · S. megacarpa · S. menendezii · S. menendezii var. virescens · S. menziesii (Japanese Burnet) · S. menziesii 'Alaskan Burnet' · S. menziesii 'Dali Marble' (Burnet) · S. microcephala · S. minor (Garden Burnet) · S. minor alveolosa · S. minor balearica · S. minor cerebralis · S. minor f. rhodopaea · S. minor forma rhodopaea · S. minor lasiocarpa · S. minor lateriflora · S. minor magnolii · S. minor mauritanica · S. minor minor · S. minor minor var. minor (Salad Burnet) · S. minor muricata · S. minor polygama · S. minor psiloritica · S. minor rupicola · S. minor spachiana · S. minor subsp. balearica · S. minor subsp. muricata · S. minor subsp. polygama · S. minor subsp. rupicola · S. minor subsp. spachiana · S. minor var. altissima · S. minor var. delortii

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Sanguisorba". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 384. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  3. "Sanguisorba". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 385. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  4. Mean = 250.000 meters (820.210 feet), Standard Deviation = 337.280 based on 8,784 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009