Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Chinese:
Di Yu
Common Names in English:
Burnet Bloodwort, Garden Burnet, Great Burnet, Greater Burnet, Greater Salad Burnet, Official Burnet, Salad Burnet, Sanguisorba
Common Names in Finnish:
Isoluppio, Rohtoluppio
Common Names in French:
Grande Pimprenelle
Common Names in German:
Großer Wiesenknopf
Common Names in Italian:
Salvastrella
Common Names in Japanese:
Waremoko
Common Names in Russian:
кровоцхлебка аптечная, Krovochlebka Aptečnaja
Common Names in Spanish:
Pimpinela Mayor
Description
Family Rosaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen
. Stems erect
, scandent
, arching
, prostrate
, or creeping
, armed
or unarmed
. Buds usually with several exposed scales
, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple
or compound
; stipules paired
, free
or adnate
to petiole
, rarely absent, persistent
or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade
often serrate at margin
, rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate
, corymbose
, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic
, bisexual
, rarely unisexual
and then plants
dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate
. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx
segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted
below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed
. Stamens usually numerous
, rarely few, always in a complete
ring
at margin of or above disk; filaments
usually free, very rarely connate
; anthers
small, didymous
, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous
, superposed
. Styles as many as carpels, terminal
, lateral
, or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged
, usually exalbuminous
, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy
and convex
abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.
Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan
, mostly in N temperate
zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.
Many plants of this family
are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions
. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars
and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc.
The dried fruits of the genera
Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial
value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry
. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots
are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals
.
The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note
that the patterns
of relationship
are complex
and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]
Genus Sanguisorba
Herbs perennial
. Rootstock
robust
, bearing many fusiform
, cylindric
roots
in lower part. Stipules sheathing
, adnate
to petiole
, petiole sheathing and imbricate at base
; leaf blade
imparipinnate
; leaflets
serrate at margin
. Inflorescences terminal
on elongate
scapes, densely capitate or spicate
, bracteate
and bracteolate
. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
(when plants
monoecious). Hypanthium with a constricted
throat
. Sepals 4(-7), imbricate, petaloid
, purple, red, pink, or white, rarely greenish. Petals absent. Disk lining
hypanthium. Stamens usually 4, rarely more, inserted
in throat of hypanthium; filaments
free
, rarely partly connate
; anthers
didymous
. Carpel 1(or 2), included
in hypanthium; ovule pendulous; style terminal, filiform
; stigma penicillate
. Achene dry, included in hardened, muricate
or winged
hypanthium. Cotyledons planoconvex. x
= 7.
About 30 species: Asia, Europe, North America; seven species (one endemic) in China.[2]
Physical Description
Species Sanguisorba officinalis
Herbs perennial , 30-120 cm tall. Rootstock brown or purple-brown, robust , usually fusiform , rarely terete , cross section yellow-white or purple. Stems erect , angular, glabrous , or base pilose or sparsely glandular hairy . Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, glabrous or abaxially sparsely glandular hairy; petiole long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, base sheathing and imbricate, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; leaf blade with 4-6 pairs of leaflets ; leaflets petiolulate , green on both surfaces, ovate , oblong-ovate, fasciated oblong , or fasciated lanceolate, 1-7 × 0.5-3 cm, base cordate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely or rarely acutely serrate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose; cauline leaves: stipules large, semiovate, herbaceous, margin acutely serrate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base subcordate to rounded , apex acute. Inflorescences erect, spicate , ellipsoid , cylindric , or ovoid , usually 1-6 × 0.5-1 cm, flowering from apex to base; rachis glabrous or occasionally sparsely glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, membranous, abaxially pilose, apex acuminate to caudate . Sepals 4, purple, red, pink, or white, elliptic to broadly ovate, abaxially pilose, with faint longitudinal midvein , usually with shortly acute apex. Stamens 4; filaments filiform , 0.5-1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond them or not. Ovary glabrous or puberulous ; stigma dilated , discoid , margin fimbriate-papillate. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: black, dark purple, maroon, red
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 24-36" tall.
Habitat
Thinned forests
, forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands, grassy
mountain slopes
, damp places in ravines
, stream
banks; near sea level
to 3000 m.
[3].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,916 meters (0 to 9,567 feet).[4]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 9-12" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Rosanae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Rosales
(
)
- Perleb, 1826
- Family:
Rosaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, Nom. Cons.
- Rose Family
- Subfamily:
Rosoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Sanguisorbeae
(
)
- Genus:
Sanguisorba
(
)
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
- Burnet
- Specific epithet:
officinalis
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
- Botanical name: - Sanguisorba officinalis L.
- Specific epithet:
officinalis
- Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
- Genus:
Sanguisorba
(
- Tribe:
Sanguisorbeae
(
- Subfamily:
Rosoideae
(
- Family:
Rosaceae
(
- Order:
Rosales
(
- Superorder:
Rosanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Poterium officinale (L.) A. Gray
- Sanguisorba baicalensis Popl.
- Sanguisorba carnea Fisch. Ex Link
- Sanguisorba major Gilib.
- Sanguisorba microcephala C. Presl
- Sanguisorba officinalis forma pilosella (Ohwi) H. Hara
- Sanguisorba officinalis microcephala (C. Presl) Calder & R. L. Taylor
- Sanguisorba Officinalis Officinalis
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. carnea (Fisch.) Regel Ex Maxim.
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. montana (Jord. Ex Boreau) Focke
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. pilosella Ohwi
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. polygama (F. Nyl.) Mela & Cajander
- Sanguisorba polygama F. Nyl.
Notes
An accepted name
in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Name
Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny:
Place of publication
: Sp.
pl. 1:116. 1753
Name verified on 30-Apr-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 19-Apr-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Sanguisorba
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 206 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
S. agrimoniifolia · S. agrimonioides · S. agrimonoides · S. albanica · S. albiflora · S. alpina · S. altissima · S. alveolosa · S. ancistroides · S. ancistroides parviflora · S. ancistroides subsp. parviflora · S. andersonii · S. angustifolia · S. annua (Prairie Burnet) · S. applanata · S. applanata var. applanata · S. applanata var. villosa · S. argutidens · S. armena · S. auriculata · S. azovtsevii · S. benthamiana · S. 'Blacksmiths Burgundy' · S. bracteosa · S. canadensis (American Burnet) · S. canadensis latifolia · S. canadensis 'Red Thunder' · S. canadensis var. media · S. carnea · S. caucasica · S. caudata · S. cernua · S. 'Chocolate Tip' · S. cordifolia · S. coreana · S. cretica · S. cylindrica · S. diandra · S. diandra var. diandra · S. diandra var. villosa · S. dodecandra · S. filiformis · S. globularis · S. hakusanensis · S. hakusanensis var. coreana · S. hispanica · S. hybrida · S. indica · S. indicum · S. ingrica · S. intermedia · S. japonensis · S. 'John Coke' · S. kishinamii · S. komaroviana · S. 'Korean Snow' · S. lateriflora · S. longa · S. longa f. dilutiflora · S. longa forma dilutiflora · S. macrostachya · S. maderensis · S. magnifica · S. magnolii · S. major · S. 'Major Roma' · S. maroccana · S. media · S. mediterranea · S. megacarpa · S. menendezii · S. menendezii var. virescens · S. menziesii (Japanese Burnet) · S. menziesii 'Alaskan Burnet' · S. menziesii 'Dali Marble' (Burnet) · S. microcephala · S. minor (Garden Burnet) · S. minor alveolosa · S. minor balearica · S. minor cerebralis · S. minor f. rhodopaea · S. minor forma rhodopaea · S. minor lasiocarpa · S. minor lateriflora · S. minor magnolii · S. minor mauritanica · S. minor minor · S. minor minor var. minor (Salad Burnet) · S. minor muricata · S. minor polygama · S. minor psiloritica · S. minor rupicola · S. minor spachiana · S. minor subsp. balearica · S. minor subsp. muricata · S. minor subsp. polygama · S. minor subsp. rupicola · S. minor subsp. spachiana · S. minor var. altissima · S. minor var. delortii
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Further Reading
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 5, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
- IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
- IOPI-GPC
- "Sanguisorba". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 385. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:
- GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
- University of Vienna, Institute for Botany, Research Group for Plant Biogeography, Floristische Kartierung Österreichs - Mapping the Flora of Austria
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650370
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-573461
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13787403
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:741402-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 33026
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25306
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SAOFP
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 55702
Footnotes
- Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Sanguisorba". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 384. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Sanguisorba". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 385. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 250.000 meters (820.210 feet), Standard Deviation = 337.280 based on 8,784 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
