Salix bebbiana

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Family Salicaceae

Trees or shrubs , deciduous or rarely evergreen , dioecious, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, usually petiolate , simple ; stipules persistent or caducous . Catkins erect or pendulous; each flower usually with a cupular disc or 1 or 2(or 3) nectariferous glands . Male flowers with 2-many stamens; filaments filiform , free or united ; to connate ; anthers 2(or 4) -loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers with 1 pistil, sessile or stipitate ; ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovules several to many, anatropous , with a 1 integument; style 1, 2 in Chosenia; stigmas 2-4. Capsule dehiscing by 2-4(or 5) valves ; placenta and inside wall of ovary with long hairs . Seeds 4-numerous, glabrous ; hairs and seeds simultaneously deciduous when capsule matures.

Three genera and about 620 species: mainly N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; three genera and 347 species (236 endemic) in China, including at least nine hybrids and at least one introduced species .[1]

Genus Salix

Trees or shrubs deciduous, rarely evergreen (if shrubs, then erect , ascending procumbent , creeping , or cushion-shaped) ; pith terete . Branches terete. Terminal bud usually absent; buds with single scale. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite or opposite; stipules small, free , deciduous or persistent , developed mainly on vigorous branchlets ; petiole short; leaf blade variously shaped, often long and narrow. Flowering precocious , coetaneous , or serotinous; catkins upright or spreading , rarely pendulous; bracts entire, persistent or caducous . Flowers entomophilous or anemophilous , each with 1 or 2 glands : 1 abaxial (dorsal) or absent and 1 adaxial (ventral), i.e. , abaxial gland between bract and stipe, adaxial gland between stipe and rachis. Male flower: stamens 2-many; filaments free or partly to completely connate , usually exceeding bracts; anthers 2-loculed (rarely 4-loculed if filaments connate), opening lengthwise. Female flower: ovary 2-loculed, sessile or stipitate ; style 1, short, slender, or absent, entire or 2-cleft; stigmas 1 or 2, lobed or entire. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds mostly green or gray-green, small, surrounded by fine hairs .

About 520 species: cold and temperate regions of N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; 275 species (189 endemic, at least one introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 10-12' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Salix bebbiana var. capreifolia (Fern.) Fern.
2. Salix bebbiana var. depilis Raup
3. Salix bebbiana var. luxurians (Fern.) Fern.
4. Salix bebbiana var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Schneid.
5. Salix bebbiana var. projecta (Fern.) Schneid.
6. Salix depressa rostrata (Richards.) Hiitonen
7. Salix livida var. occidentalis (Anderss.) Gray
8. Salix livida var. rostrata (Richards.) Dippel
9. Salix perrostrata Rydb.
10. Salix rostrata Richards. , Non Thuill.
11. Salix rostrata var. capreifolia Fern.
12. Salix rostrata var. luxurians Fern.
13. Salix rostrata var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Fern.
14. Salix rostrata var. projecta Fern.
15. Salix starkeana bebbiana (Sarg.) Youngberg
16. Salix vagans var. occidentalis Anderss.
17. Salix vagans var. rostrata (Richards.) Anderss.

Notes

Publishing author : Hoffm. Publication : Hist. Sal. i. 39 Publishing author: Fernald Publication: Rhodora 9: 223 1907 Publishing author: Schleich. Publication: Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4. 31; ex Ser. Ess. Saul. 65 1821 Publishing author: Rydb. Publication: Bull . New York Bot. Gard. ii. 163; et in Britton, Man. Fl. N. U. S. 317. Publishing author: Wahlenb. Publication: Fl. Lapp. 272. t. 16. f. 6. Publishing author: Willd. Publication: Sp. Pl. iv . 677 Publishing author: Fernald Publication: Rhodora 16: 178 1914 Publishing author: Fernald Publication: Rhodora 16: 177 1914 Publishing author: Dippel Publication: Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 255 1892 Basionym author: (Richardson) Publishing author: Gray Publishing author: C.K.Schneid. Publication: J. Arnold Arbor . 3: 75 1922 Publishing author: C.K.Schneid. Publication: J. Arnold Arbor. 2: 71 1920 Publishing author: Fernald Publication: Rhodora 26: 122 1924 Publishing author: Raup Publication: Sargentia 6: 159 1947 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Gard. & Forest 8:463. 1895

Name verified on 25-Aug-1987 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Aug-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Salix

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2764 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

S. abnormis · S. abromeitiana · S. abscondita · S. accedens · S. acmophylla · S. acmophylla var. russanovii · S. acridentata · S. acuminata · S. acuminatomicrophylla · S. acuta · S. acutata · S. acutidens · S. acutifolia · S. acutifolia 'Blue Streak' · S. acutifolia 'Lady Aldenham No 2' · S. acutifolia 'Pendulifolia' (Willow) · S. adamauensis · S. adenodontos · S. adenophylla · S. adenophylloides · S. adscendens · S. 'Aegma Brno' · S. aegyptiaca · S. aemulans · S. aequitriens · S. aequivoca · S. aeruginosa · S. affinis · S. aglaja · S. ahlbergi · S. ajanensis · S. alatavica · S. alaternoides · S. alaxensis (Felt-Leaf Willow) · S. alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville var. alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville · S. alaxensis f. obovalifolia · S. alaxensis var. alaxensis (Feltleaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. longistylis (Felt-Leaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. silicicola · S. alba (Golden Willow) · S. alba argentea · S. alba 'Aurea' · S. alba 'Belders' · S. alba 'Britzensis' · S. alba caerulea · S. alba 'Calva' · S. alba 'Cardinalis' · S. alba 'Chermesina' (White Willow) · S. alba coerulea · S. alba 'Dart's Snake' · S. alba f. argentea · S. alba f.regalis · S. alba 'Flame' (Flame White Willow) · S. alba 'Golden Ness' · S. alba 'Hutchinson's Yellow' · S. alba L. 'Barlo' · S. alba L. 'Bredevoort' · S. alba L. 'Drakenburg' · S. alba L. forma splendes J.Anderson · S. albaforma tristis (Wisconsin Weeping Willow) · S. alba L. 'Het Goor' · S. alba L. 'Lichtenvoorde' · S. alba L. 'Lievelde' · S. alba L. 'Sericea' · S. alba 'Liempde' · S. alba micans · S. alba 'Orange Spire' · S. alba 'Raesfeld' · S. alba 'Richmond' · S. alba 'Rockanje' · S. alba 'Saint Oedendrode' · S. alba 'Splendens' · S. alba subsp. coerulea · S. alba 'Tristis' · S. alba var. caerulea 'Wantage Hall' · S. alba var. sericea · S. alba var. splendens · S. alba var. subintegra · S. alba var. vitellina 'Britzensis' · S. alba var. vitellina 'Concolor' · S. alba var. vitellina 'Yelverton' · S. alba 'Vitellina' (Golden Weeping Willow) · S. alba 'Vitellina Pendula' · S. alba 'Vitellina Tristis' · S. alba vittelina · S. alberti · S. albescens · S. albicans · S. albida · S. albiphila · S. albo · S. albovirens · S. alexensis · S. alexii-skvortzovii · S. alfredi · S. alfredii · S. alfredii var. fengxianica · S. algista · S. alifera · S. allochroa

More Info

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Further Reading

• Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana, by Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1921. ENG url p. 323.
• A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of southeastern Minnesota. [Boston, Heliotype Print. Co.]1900. ENG url p. 381.
• American forestry. Washington, D.C.: American Forestry Association, 1910-1923. ENG url p. 6.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] ENG url p. 506.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 707.
• Annual report / Entomological Society of Ontario. Toronto, The Society. ENG url p. 109, p. 91.
• Argus, G. 1973. The genus Salix in Alaska & the Yukon. 149.
• Argus, G. W. 1986. The genus Salix (Salicaceae) in the southeastern United States. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 9:91.
• Argus, G. W. 1997. Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of California Salix. Madroño 44:116.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] ENG url p. 27, p. 28, p. 30, p. 31, p. 32.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, ENG url p. 207.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 200.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- ENG url p. 1810, p. 1828, p. 1837, p. 1839, p. 1841.
• Dorn, R. D. 1977. Willows of the Rocky Mountain states. Rhodora 79:413.
• Englert, J. M. et al. 1999–. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators. (NRCS Cons Pl Mat)
• Fieldbook of native Illinois shrubs, by Leo R. Tehon Urbana, Natural History Survey Division, 1942. ENG url p. 52.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state, with keys for their determination. [Lincoln, Neb., Printed by State Printing Co., 1912] ENG url p. 69.
• Flora of New Mexico / by E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Washington: G.P.O., 1915. ENG url p. 156, p. 158.
• Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New era printing company, 1914. ENG url p. 73, p. 74.
• Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. By P.A. Rydberg. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1896. ENG url p. 523.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. ENG url p. 215.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 551.
• Jones, G. N. & G. D. Fuller. 1955. Vascular plants of Illinois. (F IllJones)
• Journal of the New York Entomological Society. Lawrence, Kan.: Allen Press [etc.] ENG url p. 19, p. 7, p. 9.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 338.
• Key to important woody plants of eastern Oregon and Washington, by Doris W. Hayes and George A. Garrison. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1960. ENG url p. 226, p. 37.
• Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR)
• Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees, Agric. Handb. 541. (Trees US)
• McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1977. Atlas of the Flora of the Great Plains. (Atlas GPlains)
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- ENG url p. 366.
• Newsholme, C. 1992. Willows, the genus Salix. (Willows)
• Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington, Washington Academy of Sciences. ENG url p. 283, p. 284, p. 299, p. 306, p. 311.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 104, p. 112, p. 115, p. 172, p. 31, p. 516, p. 542, p. 61.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 126, p. 203, p. 329, p. 415.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 67.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] ENG url p. 147.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. ENG url p. 964.
• The plants of Southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the Pine Barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 394.
• The plants of southern New Jersey; with especial reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographic distribution of the species. Trenton, 1911. ENG url p. 391, p. 394.
• Wang Chan and Fang Cheng-fu, eds. 1984. Salicaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(2): 1-403.
• Wang Chan and Fang Cheng-fu, eds. 1984. Salicaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 20(2): 1-403.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 2, 2007.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 27, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648255
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22507
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13738212
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:777152-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 312149
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22507
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 777152-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SAVAR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 61175

Footnotes

1. Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao & Alexei K. Skvortsov "Salicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Salix". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 162. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 714.160 meters (2,343.045 feet), Standard Deviation = 639.430 based on 1,305 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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