Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Arroyo Willow
Common Names in unspecified:
Arroyo Willow
Description
Family Salicaceae
Trees
or shrubs
, deciduous or rarely evergreen
, dioecious, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, usually petiolate
, simple
; stipules persistent
or caducous
. Catkins erect
or pendulous; each flower usually with a cupular disc or 1 or 2(or 3) nectariferous
glands
. Male flowers with 2-many stamens; filaments
filiform
, free
or united
; to connate
; anthers
2(or 4) -loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. Female flowers with 1 pistil, sessile or stipitate
; ovary superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovules several to many, anatropous
, with a 1 integument; style 1, 2 in Chosenia; stigmas 2-4. Capsule dehiscing by 2-4(or 5) valves
; placenta and inside wall of ovary with long hairs
. Seeds 4-numerous, glabrous
; hairs and seeds simultaneously deciduous when capsule matures.
Three genera and about 620 species: mainly N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; three genera and 347 species (236 endemic) in China, including at least nine hybrids and at least one introduced species
.[1]
Genus Salix
Trees
or shrubs
deciduous, rarely evergreen
(if shrubs, then erect
, ascending
procumbent
, creeping
, or cushion-shaped) ; pith
terete
. Branches terete. Terminal
bud usually absent; buds with single scale. Leaves alternate, rarely subopposite or opposite; stipules small, free
, deciduous or persistent
, developed mainly on vigorous branchlets
; petiole
short; leaf blade
variously shaped, often long and narrow. Flowering precocious
, coetaneous
, or serotinous; catkins upright or spreading
, rarely pendulous; bracts entire, persistent or caducous
. Flowers entomophilous or anemophilous
, each with 1 or 2 glands
: 1 abaxial
(dorsal) or absent and 1 adaxial
(ventral), i.e.
, abaxial gland between bract and stipe, adaxial gland between stipe and rachis. Male flower: stamens 2-many; filaments
free or partly to completely connate
, usually exceeding bracts; anthers
2-loculed (rarely 4-loculed if filaments connate), opening lengthwise. Female flower: ovary 2-loculed, sessile or stipitate
; style 1, short, slender, or absent, entire or 2-cleft; stigmas 1 or 2, lobed
or entire. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds mostly green or gray-green, small, surrounded by fine hairs
.
About 520 species: cold and temperate regions
of N hemisphere, a few in S hemisphere; 275 species (189 endemic, at least one introduced
) in China.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Tree , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: March. • Flower Color: pale yellow
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,765 meters (0 to 9,072 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 8-10' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
)
- R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
)
- C. Martius, 1835
- Family:
Salicaceae
(
)
- Mirbel, 1815
- saules, willows
- Family:
Salicaceae
(
- Order:
Malpighiales
(
- Superorder:
Violanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Salix
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 277 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
S. acutifolia 'Pendulifolia' (Willow) · S. alaxensis (Feltleaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. alaxensis (Feltleaf Willow) · S. alaxensis var. longistylis (Felt-Leaf Willow) · S. alba (White Willow) · S. albaforma tristis (Golden Weeping Willow) · S. alba 'Vitellina' (Golden Weeping Willow) · S. alba 'Chermesina' (White Willow) · S. alba 'Drakonburg' (White Willow 'drakonburg') · S. alba 'Flame' (Flame White Willow) · S. amoena (Willow) · S. amygdaloides (Peach-Leaf Willow) · S. angustifolia (Willow) · S. arbusculoides (A Willow) · S. arctica (Arctic Willow) · S. arctica arctica (Arctic Willow) · S. arctophila (Arctic Willow) · S. arenaria (Creeping Willow) · S. argentea (Willow) · S. argusii (Argus' Willow) · S. argyrocarpa (Labrador Willow) · S. arizonica (Arizona Willow) · S. athabascensis (Athabasca Willow) · S. aurita (Eared Willow) · S. babylonica (Weeping Willow) · S. babylonica var. glandulipilosa (Babylon Weeping Willow) · S. babylonica 'Crispa' (Weeping Willow) · S. ballii (Ball's Willow) · S. barclayi (Barclay's Willow) · S. barrattiana (Barratt Willow) · S. bebbiana (Beaked Willow) · S. bebbii (Bebb's Willow) · S. beschelii (Beschel's Willow) · S. bicolor (Willow) · S. bonplandiana (Bonpland Willow) · S. boothii (Blueberry Willow) · S. brachycarpa (Barrenground Willow) · S. brachycarpa psammophila (Sand-Dune Short-Capsuled Willow) · S. brachycarpa 'Blue Fox' (Barrenground Willow) · S. brachypurpurea (Willow) · S. breweri (Brewer's Willow) · S. caerulea (White Willow) · S. calcicola (Woolly Willow) · S. candida (Hoary Willow) · S. caprea (French Pussywillow) · S. caprea caprea (Goat Willow) · S. caprea var. Rosea (French Pussy Willow) · S. caprea 'Kilmarnock' (Kilmarnock Willow) · S. caprea 'Pendula' (Kilmarnock Willow) · S. caprea 'Weeping Sally' (French Pussywillow) · S. caroliniana (Carolina Willow) · S. cascadensis (Cascade Willow) · S. chaenomeloides (Giant Pussywillow) · S. chamissonis (Chamisso's Willow) · S. chlorolepis (Green-Scaled Willow) · S. cinerea (Grey Sallow) · S. cinerea cinerea (Large Gray Willow) · S. cinerea oleifolia (Large Gray Willow) · S. cinerea var. atrocinerea (Pussy Willow) · S. cinerea subsp. oleifolia (Large Gray Willow) · S. cinerea 'Variegata' (Grey Sallow) · S. coaetanea (Willow) · S. commutata (Undergreen Willow) · S. conifera (Conifer Willow) · S. cordata (Heartleaf Willow) · S. cottetii (Cottet Willow) · S. cryptodonta (Smalltoothed Willow) · S. daphnoides (Violet Willow) · S. daphnoides 'Henry' (Violet Willow 'henry') · S. delnortensis (Del Norte Willow) · S. dieckiana (Dieck's Willow) · S. discolor (American Pussy-Willow) · S. discolor 'Rosea' (American Pussy-Willow) · S. drummondiana (Drummond's Willow) · S. drummondiana var. subcoerulea (Drummond´s Willow) · S. dutillyi (Dutilly's Willow) · S. eastwoodiae (Eastwood's Willow) · S. ehrhartiana (Ehrhart's Willow) · S. elaeagnos (Elaeagnus Willow) · S. eriocephala (Diamond Willow) · S. eriocephala 'American Mckay' (Diamond Willow) · S. exigua (Coyote Willow) · S. fargesii (Chinese Willow) · S. farriae (Farr Willow) · S. floridana (Florida Willow) · S. fluviatilis (Columbia River Willow) · S. fragilis (Crack Willow) · S. fragilis L. 'Bullata' (Crack Willow) · S. fragilis var. decipiens (White Welsh Willow) · S. fuscescens (Alaska Bog Willow) · S. gaspeensis (Gaspeen Willow) · S. geyerana (Geyer Willow) · S. geyeriana (Geyer Willow) · S. glatfelteri (Glatfelter's Willow) · S. glauca (Grayleaf Willow) · S. glauca callicarpaea (Grayleaf Willow) · S. glauca var. acutifolia (Arctic Gray Willow) · S. glauca var. callicarpaea (Arctic Gray Willow) · S. glauca var. villosa (Grayleaf Willow) · S. glauca subsp. callicarpaea (Grayleaf Willow)
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Further Reading
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- A catalogue of the forest trees of the United States which usually attain a height of sixteen feet or more, with notes and brief descriptions of the more important species, illustrating the collection Prepared by Geo. Vasey, M. D. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1876. url .
- A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 340, p. 340, p. 341, p. 341.
- A flora of northwest America: containing brief descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing without cultivation north of California, west of Utah, and south of British Columbia / by Thomas Howell. Vol. 1, Phanerogamae. Portland, Or.: [s.n.], 1903. url p. 620.
- A flora of the South Fork of Kings River: from Millwood to the head waters of Bubbs Creek / by Alice Eastwood. [San Francisco]: Sierra Club, 1902. url p. 17.
- A phytogeographic and taxonomic study of the southern California trees and shrubs. New York, 1910 url p. 337, p. 339.
- A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W. G. Farlow and A. B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. url p. 132.
- A quantitative and statistical study of the plankton of the San Joaquin River and its tributaries in and near Stockton, California, in 1913, by Winfred Emory Allen. Berkeley, University of California Press[1920] url p. 15.
- Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. url p. 287.
- American forest trees, by Henry H. Gibson; ed. by Hu Maxwell. Chicago, Hardwood record, 1913. url , p. 14, p. 472.
- American forest trees; edited by Hu Maxwell. ChicagoHardwood Record1913 url , p. 472.
- American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 907.
- An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 496.
- Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 764.
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 13 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648289
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22551
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741091
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:778003-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 316020
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22551
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 778003-1
- MoBot NameID: 28300105
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SALAL2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 61196
Footnotes
- Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao & Alexei K. Skvortsov "Salicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Salix". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 162. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 888.570 meters (2,915.256 feet), Standard Deviation = 730.400 based on 624 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
