Sagittaria lancifolia

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Alismataceae

Herbs, annual or perennial , rhizomatous , stoloniferous , or cormose, caulescent , glabrous to stellate-pubescent; sap milky . Roots septate or not septate. Leaves basal, submersed , floating, or emersed , sessile or petiolate , sheathing proximally; blade with translucent markings of dots or lines present or absent, basal lobes present or absent; venation reticulate , primary veins parallel from base of blade to apex, secondary veins reticulate. Inflorescences scapose racemes or panicles, rarely umbels, erect , rarely floating or decumbent , whorled (forming racemes) or whorls branching (forming panicles), bracteolate . Flowers bisexual or unisexual , if unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different plants , hypogynous, subsessile to long-pedicellate; sepals persistent , 3; petals deciduous, 3, delicate; stamens 0, 6, 9, or to 30, distinct ; anthers 2-loculed, dehiscing longitudinally; pistils 0 or 6--1500 or more, distinct or coherent proximally, 1-loculed; placentation basal; ovules1--2. Fruits achenes or follicles. Seeds: embryo U-shaped; endosperm absent in mature seed.

Genera 12, species ca. 80 (4 genera, 34 species in the flora ) : nearly worldwide, primarily tropical and subtropical regions.[1]

Genus Sagittaria

Plants perennial , rarely annual , submersed , floating-leaved, or emersed , glabrous to sparsely pubescent ; rhizomes often present, occasionally terminated by tubers; stolons often present; corms absent; tubers white to brown, smooth . Roots septate . Leaves sessile or petiolate ; petiole terete to triangular; blade with translucent markings absent, linear to obovate , base attenuate to hastate or sagittate , margins entire, apex round to acute. Inflorescences racemes , panicles, rarely umbels, of 1--17 whorls, erect , emersed or floating, rarely submersed; bracts coarse or delicate, apex obtuse to acute, smooth or papillose proximally to distally. Flowers unisexual , the proximal rarely with ring of sterile stamens; staminate flowers pedicellate , distal to pistillate flowers; pistillate flowers mostly pedicellate, rarely sessile; bracts subtending pedicels, lanceolate, shorter than pedicels, apex obtuse to acute; pedicels ascending to recurved; receptacle convex ; sepals recurved in staminate flowers, recurved to erect in pistillate flowers, often sculptured , herbaceous to leathery; petals white, rarely with pink spot or tinge, entire; stamens 7--30; filaments linear to dilated , glabrous to pubescent; pistils to 1500 or more, spirally arranged , not radiating in starlike pattern , distinct ; ovules 1; styles terminal . Fruits without longitudinal ribs , compressed , abaxially keeled or not, abaxial wings often present, lateral wing often present, 1, curved , glands present. x = 11.

Species ca. 30: mostly Western Hemisphere; Europe; Asia.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 26 meters (86 feet).[3]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1270 1759 [7 Jun 1759]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Sagittaria

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 39 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

S. ambigua (Kansas Arrowhead) · S. australis (Appalachian Arrowhead) · S. brevirostra (Midwestern Arrowhead) · S. calycina (Hooded Arrowhead) · S. calycina var. calycina (Hooded Arrowhead) · S. calycina var. spongiosa (Spongy Arrow-Head) · S. calycina var. spongiosa Engelm. (Spongy Arrow-Head) · S. cordifolia (Creeping Burrhead) · S. cristata (Crested Arrowhead) · S. cuneata (Arrowhead) · S. engelmanniana (Acid-Water Arrowhead) · S. fasciculata (Bunched Arrowhead) · S. filiformis (Awl-Leaf Arrowhead) · S. graminea (Grass-Leaf Arrowhead) · S. graminea var. chapmanii (Chapman's Arrowhead) · S. graminea var. graminea (Grassy Arrowhead) · S. graminea var. weatherbiana (Weatherby's Arrowhead) · S. graminea weatherbiana (Grass-Leaf Arrowhead) · S. graminea 'Crushed Ice' (Crushed Ice Narrow Leafed Arrowhead) · S. guayanensis (Guyanese Arrowhead) · S. intermedia (Intermediate Arrowhead) · S. isoetiformis (Quillwort Arrowhead) · S. kurziana (Springtape) · S. lancifolia (Arrowhead) · S. lancifolia f. ruminoides (Red Stemmed Saggitaria) · S. lancifolia subsp. media (Bulltongue Arrowhead) · S. latifolia (Arrowhead) · S. longiloba (Gregg's Arrowhead) · S. montevidensis (Aztec Arrowhead) · S. papillosa (Nipplebract Arrowhead) · S. platyphylla (Delta Arrowhead) · S. pygmaea (Pygmy Arrowhead) · S. rigida (Sessile-Fruited Arrowhead) · S. sagittifolia (Arrowhead) · S. sanfordii (Sanfords Arrowhead) · S. secundifolia (Kral's Water Plantain) · S. subulata (Awl-Leaf Arrowhead) · S. teres (Quill-Leaved Sagittaria) · S. trifolia (Threeleaf Arrowhead)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A dictionary of modern gardening. Philadelphia, Lea and Blanchard, 1847. url p. 62.
• A guide to the wild flowers by Alice Lounsberry; with sixty four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by N.L. Britton. Toronto: W. Briggs, c1899. url .
• A guide to the wild flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. With sixty-four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Mrs. Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by Dr. N.L. Britton... New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[1899] url p. 470.
• A textbook of botany for colleges and universities, by. .. John Merle Coulter. .. Charles Reid Barnes. .. Henry Chandler Cowles. .. Cincinnati [etc.]: American book company, [1910-11] url p. 594.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 25, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• "Sagittaria lancifolia". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2659694
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-287245
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13751046
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:58516-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 32647
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 38923
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 58515-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: SALAM2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 56842

Footnotes

1. Robert R. Haynes ,C. Barre Hellquist "Alismataceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Sagittaria". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Standard Deviation = 449.910 based on 275 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.