Rudbeckia auriculata

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes

Common Names

Description

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Rudbeckia

Annuals , biennials, or perennials , mostly 50-300 cm (mostly fibrous rooted or rhizomatous , sometimes taprooted). Stems 1-15+, erect , branched distally, glabrous or hairy , sometimes glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades elliptic , lanceolate, linear , oblanceolate , ovate , or spatulate , often pinnately lobed to 1-2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins entire , dentate , serrate, or coarsely toothed , faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glaucous, sometimes gland-dotted. Heads radiate or discoid , borne singly or in ± corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres (early flowering) hemispheric to rotate, 15-30+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , 5-20 in 1-2(-3) series (narrowly triangular to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, subequal , herbaceous, distally or throughout). Receptacles subspheric to ovoid , or conic to columnar , paleate (paleae mostly tan proximally, green to maroon distally, obovate , concave , each ± clasping a floret, apices acute to cuspidate or truncate to rounded , abaxial tips glabrous or hairy, sometimes gland-dotted, resin ducts 2-3, maroon, 1 medial and 1 near each margin; receptacles plus paleae and florets = discs, 8-80 × 5-30 mm). Ray florets 0 or 5-25+, neuter ; corollas (spreading to drooping or reflexed ) usually yellow to yellow-orange or bicolor (laminae often proximally maroon or each with a maroon splotch, distally yellow), sometimes wholly maroon (orangish red to maroon in R. graminifolia. Disc florets 50-800+, bisexual , fertile ; corollas yellow, yellowish green, or brown-purple (often bicolor), tubes shorter than cylindric to funnelform throats , lobes 5, triangular. Cypselae (black) ± obpyramidal and 4-angled (often minutely cross rugose ), faces glabrous, angles sometimes hairy; pappi 0, ± coroniform , or of 2-8+ unequal scales . x = 16, 18, 19.

Species 23: North America; introduced in Europe.

The species of Rudbeckia are distributed among three major clades or lineages . Although relationships among the lineages are not robustly resolved, the lineages are treated here as sections (as they have been traditionally). Rudbeckia hirta and sometimes other species of the genus are used in experimental studies relating to initiation of flowering and hairy root culture . Most species are rich sources of phytochemicals that may offer potential for pharmaceutical or other uses.Lowell E. Urbatsch, Patricia B. Cox "Rudbeckia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 43, 44, 45. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral
2. Rudbeckia fulgida var. auriculata Perdue

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Rhodora 77:44. 1975

Name verified on 12-Jun-2002 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Jun-2002

Similar Species

Members of the genus Rudbeckia

There are approximately 174 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

R. 'Blovi' · R. 'Golden Jubilee' · R. 'Goldquelle' · R. 'Goldstone' · R. 'Herbstsonne' · R. 'Takao' (Coneflower) · R. aiton · R. alata · R. alpicola (Showy Coneflower) · R. amplexifolia · R. angustifolia · R. apetala · R. aristata · R. aspera · R. atrorubens · R. auriculata (Eared Coneflower) · R. Autumn Sun · R. bicolor (Pinewoods Coneflower) · R. bupleuroides · R. californica (California Coneflower) · R. californica var. californica · R. californica var. intermedia 'Anthony Brooks' · R. chrysantha · R. chrysomela · R. deamii var. deamii · R. decumbens · R. defulgida · R. digitata · R. drummondii · R. echinacea purpurea · R. flava · R. flexuosa · R. floridana var. floridana · R. fulgida (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida 'Irish Eyes' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida 'Marmalade' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida 'Sun Baby' · R. fulgida var. fulgida (Eastern Coneflower) · R. fulgida Aiton var. palustris (Eggert ex C.L.Boynt. & Beadle) Perdue · R. fulgida var. deamii · R. fulgida var. fulgida (Rachel's Eyes Black Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida var. palustris (Prairie Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. spathulata · R. fulgida var. speciosa (Orange Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. sullivantii · R. fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldschirm' · R. fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' (Black Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida var. sullivantii 'Pot of Gold' · R. fulgida var. umbrosa · R. glaucescens (Waxy Coneflower) · R. gloriosa · R. gracilis · R. graminifolia (Grassleaf Coneflower) · R. grandiflora (Rough Coneflower) · R. grandiflora var. alismifolia (Rough Coneflower) · R. grandiflora var. grandiflora · R. grandiflora var. grandiflora (D.Don) J.F.Gmel. ex DC. · R. heliopsidis (Sunfacing Coneflower) · R. heterophylla var. digitata · R. hirta (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Autumn Colors' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Autumn Colours' · R. hirta 'Becky Mix' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Cherokee Sunset' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Chim Chiminee' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Chocolate Orange' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Cordoba' (Cordoba Gloriosa Daisy) · R. hirta 'Dopplefreud' · R. hirta 'Double Delight' · R. hirta 'Golden Brown' · R. hirta 'Goldilocks' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Hot Chocolate' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Indian Summer' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Irish Eyes' (Irish Eyes Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Marmalade' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta'Maya' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Moreno' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Prairie Sun' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Rustic Dwarfs Mix' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Sonora' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto Gold' · R. hirta 'Toto Lemon' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto Rustic' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta f. frondosa · R. hirta L. 'Rustic Color' · R. hirta L. 'Sputnik' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta L. var. hirta · R. hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. · R. hirta var. angustifolia (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. angustifolia (T.V. Moore) Perdue (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. floridana · R. hirta var. floridana (T.V. Moore) Perdue · R. hirta var. hirta · R. hirta var. pulcherrima (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hispida · R. hybrida · R. intermedia · R. klamathensis (Klamath Coneflower) · R. lacinata

Bibliography

• Cox, P. B. & L. E. Urbatsch. 1994. A taxonomic revision of Rudbeckia subg. Macrocline (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae). Castanea 59:305.
• Diamond, A. R., Jr. & R. S. Boyd. 2004. Distribution, habitat characteristics, and population trends of the rare southeastern endemic Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral (Asteraceae). Castanea 69:249–264.
• Diamond, A. R., Jr. et al. 2006. Pollination biology, seed dispersal, and recruitment in Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral, a rare southeastern endemic. Castanea 71:226–238.
• Kral, R. 1975. Rudbeckia auriculata (Perdue) Kral, a species distinct from R. fulgida Ait. Rhodora 77:44–52.
• Cox, P. B. and L. E. Urbatsch. 1994. A taxonomic revision of Rudbeckia subg. Macrocline (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae). Castanea 59: 300-318.
• Perdue, R. E. Jr. 1957. Synopsis of Rudbeckia subgenus Rudbeckia. Rhodora 59: 293-299.

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 22, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658108
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-36767
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749230
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:241670-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 423982
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36767
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RUAU2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60684

Footnotes

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