Rudbeckia subtomentosa

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Rudbeckia

Annuals , biennials, or perennials , mostly 50-300 cm (mostly fibrous rooted or rhizomatous , sometimes taprooted). Stems 1-15+, erect , branched distally, glabrous or hairy , sometimes glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades elliptic , lanceolate, linear , oblanceolate , ovate , or spatulate , often pinnately lobed to 1-2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins entire, dentate , serrate, or coarsely toothed , faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glaucous, sometimes gland-dotted. Heads radiate or discoid , borne singly or in ± corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres (early flowering) hemispheric to rotate, 15-30+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , 5-20 in 1-2(-3) series (narrowly triangular to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, subequal , herbaceous, distally or throughout). Receptacles subspheric to ovoid , or conic to columnar , paleate (paleae mostly tan proximally, green to maroon distally, obovate , concave , each ± clasping a floret, apices acute to cuspidate or truncate to rounded , abaxial tips glabrous or hairy, sometimes gland-dotted, resin ducts 2-3, maroon, 1 medial and 1 near each margin; receptacles plus paleae and florets = discs, 8-80 × 5-30 mm). Ray florets 0 or 5-25+, neuter ; corollas (spreading to drooping or reflexed ) usually yellow to yellow-orange or bicolor (laminae often proximally maroon or each with a maroon splotch, distally yellow), sometimes wholly maroon (orangish red to maroon in R. graminifolia. Disc florets 50-800+, bisexual , fertile ; corollas yellow, yellowish green, or brown-purple (often bicolor), tubes shorter than cylindric to funnelform throats , lobes 5, triangular. Cypselae (black) ± obpyramidal and 4-angled (often minutely cross rugose ), faces glabrous, angles sometimes hairy; pappi 0, ± coroniform , or of 2-8+ unequal scales . x = 16, 18, 19.

Species 23: North America; introduced in Europe.

The species of Rudbeckia are distributed among three major clades or lineages . Although relationships among the lineages are not robustly resolved, the lineages are treated here as sections (as they have been traditionally). Rudbeckia hirta and sometimes other species of the genus are used in experimental studies relating to initiation of flowering and hairy root culture . Most species are rich sources of phytochemicals that may offer potential for pharmaceutical or other uses.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Mesic to wet prairies, stream banks, and woodland openings; 20-300 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,028 meters (0 to 9,934 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 3-6" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: New Zealand Plant Name Database, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:249582E5-C77C-442F-A863-F4AA70260EA9

Last scrutiny: 15-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Rudbeckia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 84 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

R. alpicola (Showy Coneflower) · R. auriculata (Eared Coneflower) · R. bicolor (Pinewoods Coneflower) · R. californica (California Coneflower) · R. californica var. californica (California Coneflower) · R. fulgida (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida var. fulgida (Eastern Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. deamii (Deam's Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. fulgida (Rachel's Eyes Black Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida var. palustris (Prairie Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. spathulata (Orange Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. speciosa (Orange Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. sullivantii (Sullivant's Coneflower) · R. fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' (Black Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida var. umbrosa (Orange Coneflower) · R. fulgida 'Irish Eyes' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. fulgida 'Marmalade' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. glaucescens (Waxy Coneflower) · R. graminifolia (Grassleaf Coneflower) · R. grandiflora (Rough Coneflower) · R. grandiflora var. alismifolia (Rough Coneflower) · R. grandiflora var. grandiflora (Rough Coneflower) · R. heliopsidis (Sunfacing Coneflower) · R. hirta (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta L. 'Sputnik' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta var. angustifolia (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. angustifolia (T.V. Moore) Perdue (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. floridana (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. hirta (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta var. pulcherrima (Blackeyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Autumn Colors' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Becky Mix' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Cherokee Sunset' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Chim Chiminee' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Chocolate Orange' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Cordoba' (Cordoba Gloriosa Daisy) · R. hirta 'Goldilocks' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Hot Chocolate' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Indian Summer' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Irish Eyes' (Irish Eyes Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Marmalade' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Maya' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Moreno' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Prairie Sun' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Rustic Dwarfs Mix' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Sonora' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto Lemon' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. hirta 'Toto Rustic' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. klamathensis (Klamath Coneflower) · R. laciniata (Cut-Leaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. ampla (Green-Head Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. bipinnata (Cutleaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. digitata (Cutleaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. gaspereauensis (Greenhead Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. humilis (Greenhead Coneflower) · R. laciniata var. laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata 'Goldquelle' (Cutleaf Cone Flower) · R. laciniata 'Gold Drop' (Cut-Leaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata 'Herbstsonne' (Herbstsonne Cutleaf Coneflower) · R. laciniata 'Hortensia' (Cut-Leaf Coneflower) · R. maxima (Cabbage Leaf Coneflower) · R. missouriensis (Missouri Coneflower) · R. mohrii (Mohr's Coneflower) · R. mollis (Softhair Coneflower) · R. montana (Montane Coneflower) · R. nitida (Shining Coneflower) · R. nitida var. nitida (Shiny Coneflower) · R. nitida'Herbstonne' (Autumn Glory) · R. occidentalis (Western Coneflower) · R. occidentalis var. occidentalis (Western Coneflower) · R. occidentalis 'Black Beauty' (Western Coneflower) · R. occidentalis 'Green Wizard' (Black Eyed Susan) · R. purpurea (Eastern Purple Coneflower) · R. scabrifolia (Roughleaf Coneflower) · R. speciosa 'Viette's Little Suzy' (Black-Eyed Susan) · R. subtomentosa (Sweet Black-Eyed Susan) · R. subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers' (Sweet Black-Eyed Susan) · R. texana (Rudbeckia Texana) · R. triloba (Brown-Eyed Susan) · R. triloba var. pinnatiloba (Browneyed Susan) · R. triloba var. rupestris (Browneyed Susan) · R. triloba var. triloba (Browneyed Susan) · R. 'Takao' (Coneflower)

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Further Reading

• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 469, p. 470.
• Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 1651, p. 1652.
• Book of garden plans, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company, 1916. url .
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1911 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 11.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url p. 367, p. 367.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 1 1898 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 157.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 39 1912 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 453.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 2134.
• Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation / by Charles Burr Graves. .. [et al.]; Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society. Hartford: Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1910. url p. 393, p. 545.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 15, p. 19.
• Fieldbook of Illinois wild flowers; six hundred fifty of the more common flowering plants in the state. Urbana, 1936. url p. 363.
• Flora Peoriana; the vegetation in the climate of middle Illinois. Peoria, Ill., J. W. Franks & Sons, 1887. url , , p. 51.
• Flora of Illinois, containing keys for identification of flowering plants and ferns. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. url p. 257.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 964, p. 967.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 1254.
• Flower grouping in English, Scotch & Irish gardens; notes & 56 sketches in colour, by Margaret Waterfield. .. with contributions by E. V. B., S. Arnott [and others] London: E. P. Dutton & co., 1907. url , .
• Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers, by Charles Robertson. Carlinville, Ill., n.p.1928. url p. 85.
• Fritz Bahr's commercial floriculture; a practical manual for the retail grower, by Fritz Bahr. .. with two hundred and eighty-eight illustrations. New York, The A. T. De la Mare company, inc.[c1922] url p. 514.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 394, p. 440.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 969.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 546.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 171, p. 184.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. LondonPublished for the International Council by the Royal Society of London1901-1920 url p. 794.
• Iowa parks. Des Moines[1920] url p. 228.
• Journal of the Horticultural Society of New York. New York City: The Society, 1906-1924. url .
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 122, p. 122, p. 189, p. 189.
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 333.
• List of herbaceous perennials tested in the arboretum and botanic garden: central experimental farm, Ottawa, Canada, with descriptions of flowers, and other notes by W. T. Macoun. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1908. url p. 93.
• Lists of plant types for landscape planting; the materials of planting for ornament listed according to their various uses, by Stephen F. Hamblin. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1923. url , , , , , p. 107, p. 142, p. 144, p. 149, p. 80, p. 96.
• Manual of the Flora of Jackson County, Missouri, By Kenneth K. MacKenzie, assisted by B. F. Bush and others. Kansas City, Mo., s.n., 1902 url p. vii.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 986.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 5 1893 - 18 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 333.
• Outlines of botany for the high school laboratory and classroom (based on Gray's Lessons in botany) by Robert Greenleaf Leavitt. .. prepared at the request of the Botanical Department of Harvard University. New York, American Book Co.[1901] url p. 276.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 548.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 102, p. 38, p. 43, p. 44, p. 62, p. 9.
• Plants of Iowa; a preliminary list of the native and introduced plants of the state, not under cultivation; comp. by Wesley Greene, secretary. Des Moines, Bishard brothers, printers, 1907. url p. 230.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 124, p. 161.
• Psyche. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge Entomological Club url p. 169, p. 171.
• Reports of the Survey. Botanical series. Minneapolis [etc.]1892- url p. 710, p. 711.
• Rock River area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, Natural History Survey Division, in conjunction with State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1996- url p. 130, p. 87.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 96.
• Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 7.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 254, p. 303, p. 79, p. 91.
• The Canadian journal of industry, science and art. Toronto: Canadian Institute, 1856-1867. url p. 227.
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1305, p. 315, p. 345, p. 513, p. 588, p. 667.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , p. 278, p. 315, p. 334, p. 338, p. 408, p. 418, p. 422, p. 446, p. 522, p. 538.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 206, p. 409, p. 531, p. 598, p. 682.
• The Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS. Cedar Falls, Iowa: The Academy, 1988- url p. 150, p. 156.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley: a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota River / by Conway MacMillan. Minneapolis: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 1892. url p. 710, p. 711, p. 813.
• The Metaspermae of the Minnesota valley; a list of the higher seed-producing plants indigenous to the drainage-basin of the Minnesota river. Minneapolis[Harrison & Smith, State Printers]1892 url p. 538, p. 710, p. 711.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 102, p. 150.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 37 1956 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 1015, p. 556, p. 991.
• The University of Missouri studies. Columbia, Mo.: The University, 1905-[1918] url p. 29.
• The complete home landscape, by Arthur J. Jennings, in collaboration with Leonard H. Johnson. New York, A. T. De La Mare, 1924. url p. 167, p. 169, p. 171.
• The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 169.
• The garden month by month; describing the appearance, color, dates of bloom, height and cultivation of all desirable, hardy herbaceous perennials for the formal or wild garden with additional lists of aquatics, vines, ferns, et by Mabel Cabot Sedgwick assisted by Robert Cameron with over two hundred half-tone engravings from photographs of growing plants, and a chart in colors. New York, F.A. Stokes Co., [1907] url .
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1470, p. 1471.
• Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Springfield, Ill., Illinois State Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 105.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 170, p. 77, p. 88, p. 90.
• Transactions of the. .. annual meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: Kansas Pub. House, 1883-1901. url p. 84.
• Vascular plants of the Sangamon River basin; annotated checklist and ecological summary [by] Almut G. Jones and David T. Bell. [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, [1974] url p. 27, p. 6.
• Cox, P. B. and L. E. Urbatsch. 1994. A taxonomic revision of Rudbeckia subg. Macrocline (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Rudbeckiinae). Castanea 59: 300-318.
• Perdue, R. E. Jr. 1957. Synopsis of Rudbeckia subgenus Rudbeckia. Rhodora 59: 293-299.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658120
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-12045
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13749218
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:241771-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 416345
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36783
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RUSU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60784

Footnotes

1. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Patricia B. Cox "Rudbeckia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 43, 44, 45. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Rudbeckia subtomentosa". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 53, 59. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 196.240 meters (643.832 feet), Standard Deviation = 231.030 based on 8,227 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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