Common Names
Common Names in English:
Eagle Rock Blackberry
Description
Family Rosaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen
. Stems erect
, scandent
, arching
, prostrate
, or creeping
, armed
or unarmed
. Buds usually with several exposed scales
, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple
or compound
; stipules paired
, free
or adnate
to petiole
, rarely absent, persistent
or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade
often serrate at margin
, rarely entire
. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate
, corymbose
, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic
, bisexual
, rarely unisexual
and then plants
dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate
. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx
segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted
below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed
. Stamens usually numerous
, rarely few, always in a complete
ring
at margin of or above disk; filaments
usually free, very rarely connate
; anthers
small, didymous
, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous
, superposed
. Styles
as many as carpels, terminal
, lateral
, or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged
, usually exalbuminous
, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy
and convex
abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.
Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan
, mostly in N temperate
zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.
Many plants of this family
are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions
. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars
and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc.
The dried fruits of the genera
Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial
value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry
. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles
, stems and roots
are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals
.
The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note
that the patterns
of relationship
are complex
and the group is taxonomically difficult. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Rubus
Shrubs
or subshrubs
, deciduous, rarely evergreen
or semievergreen, sometimes perennial
creeping
dwarf
herbs. Stems erect
, climbing
, arching
, or prostrate
, glabrous
or hairy
, usually with prickles or bristles
, sometimes with glandular
hairs
, rarely unarmed
. Leaves alternate, petiolate
, simple
, palmately or pinnately compound
, divided
or undivided, toothed
, glabrous or hairy, sometimes with glandular hairs, bristles, or glands
; stipules persistent
, ± adnate
to petiole
basally, undivided or occasionally lobed
, persistent or caducous
, near base
of petiole or at junction of stem and petiole, free
, usually dissected
, occasionally entire
. Flowers bisexual
, rarely unisexual
and plants
dioecious, in cymose
panicles, racemes
, or corymbs, or several in clusters
or solitary. Calyx expanded, sometimes with a short, broad tube
; sepals persistent, erect or reflexed
, (4 or) 5( 8) . Petals usually 5, rarely more, occasionally absent, white, pink, or red, glabrous or hairy, margin
entire, rarely premorse. Stamens numerous
, sometimes few, inserted
at mouth
of hypanthium; filaments
filiform
; anthers
didymous
. Carpels many, rarely few, inserted on convex
torus, each carpel becoming a drupelet
or drupaceous
achene; locule 1; ovules 2, only 1 developing, collateral
, pendulous; style
filiform, subterminal
, glabrous or hairy; stigma simple, capitate. Drupelets or drupaceous achenes aggregated on semispherical, conical
, or cylindrical torus, forming an aggregate fruit, separating from torus and aggregate hollow, or adnate to torus and falling with torus attached at maturity and aggregate solid; seed pendulous, testa membranous; cotyledons plano-convex
.
About 700 species: worldwide, particularly abundant in temperate regions
of N hemisphere, a few species extending into S hemisphere; 208 species (139 endemic) in China.Lu Lingdi (Lu Ling-ti, David E. Boufford "Rubus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 264, 286,294. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habit: Shrub
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Rubus pubifolius Bailey
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: .
Similar Species
Members of the genus Rubus
There are approximately 8930 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
R. 'Adrienne' · R. 'Apache' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Arapaho' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Benenden' · R. 'Betty Ashburner' (Groundcover Creeper) · R. 'Black Butte' · R. 'Black Satin' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Boatsberry' · R. 'Boysenberry' · R. 'Brazos' (Cutleaf Blackberry) · R. 'Chester' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Chickasaw' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Delight' · R. 'Doyle's Thornless' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Emerald Spreader' · R. 'Gold Lace' · R. 'Golden Showers' · R. 'Hildaberry' · R. 'Illini Hardy' (Blackberry) · R. 'Jewel' (Black Raspberry) · R. 'K81-6' (Red Raspberry) · R. 'Karaka Black' · R. 'Kenneth Ashburner' · R. 'King's Acre Berry' · R. 'Kiowa' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Margaret Gordon' · R. 'Marion' (Marion Blackberry) · R. 'Marionberry' · R. 'Navaho' (Thornless Blackberry) · R. 'Nectaberry' · R. 'Odel' · R. 'Ouachita' · R. 'Prime-jan' (Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry) · R. 'Prime-jim' (Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry) · R. 'Scoresby Selection' · R. 'Silvan' · R. 'Sir Arthur Harris' · R. 'Sunberry' · R. 'Triple Crown' (Blackberry) · R. 'Tummelberry' · R. 'Veitchberry' · R. 'Walberton Red' · R. 'Youngberry' · R. abbreviatus · R. abchaziensis · R. abieticola · R. abieticollinus · R. abieticolus · R. abietinus · R. abietum · R. ablutus · R. abnormis · R. aboriginum (Garden Dewberry) · R. abortivus · R. abruptifolius · R. abruptorum · R. absconditus · R. absconditus var. exsecatus · R. abstrusus · R. abundus · R. acalyphaceus · R. acanthoblepharon · R. acanthocaulon · R. acanthocephalus · R. acanthoclados · R. acanthodermis · R. acanthodes · R. acantholytus · R. acanthophorus · R. acanthophyllos · R. acanthophyllus · R. acanthophyllus var. acanthocalyx · R. acanthophyllus var. aculeata · R. acanthophyllus var. ternata · R. acanthopodus · R. acanthostachys · R. acanthothyrsus · R. acaracis · R. acarpus · R. acaulis x arcticus · R. acaulis x pubescens · R. acaulis x stellatus · R. accedens · R. accessivus · R. acclivitatum · R. acclivitatus · R. accrescens · R. aceratidens · R. aceratispinus · R. aceratus · R. aceretorum · R. acerifolius · R. acerispinus · R. acerosus · R. achenigera · R. acheruntinus · R. acicularis · R. aciculaticaulis · R. aciculatissimus · R. aciculatus
Bibliography
- Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
- Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
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Notes
Contributors
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Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650160
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-573034
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 1734409
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:739528-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25029
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RUPU4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60638
