Ricinus communis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Shrub or tree , probably from Africa, now found in all warm countries; probably introduced into Hawaii in the early 1800's. Now naturalized . The seeds are used as a source of castor oil , but also contain a violent poison that can be fatal in very small doses . This very poisonous plant which provides castor oil is naturalized in Hawaii. Notice the female flowers in the upper part of the inflorescence and the male flowers below. Petals are absent and the calyx is caducous . The tiny stamens are very numerous , up to 1,000 per staminate flower .

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Habitat

Cultivated, ruderal weed , sometimes naturalized in riverbeds; below 100-500(-2300) m [1].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,936 meters (0 to 16,194 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Cataputia major Ludw.
2. Cataputia minor Ludw.
3. Croton spinosus L.
4. Ricinus africanus Mill.
5. Ricinus angulatus Thunb.
6. Ricinus armatus Andr.
7. Ricinus atropurpureus Pax and K. Hoffm.
8. Ricinus badius Rchb.
9. Ricinus borboniensis Pax and K. Hoffm.
10. Ricinus cambodgensis Benary
11. Ricinus communis forma americanus Müll. Arg.
12. Ricinus communis forma argentatus T. Carvalho
13. Ricinus communis forma argyratus T. Carvalho
14. Ricinus communis forma atratus T. Carvalho
15. Ricinus communis forma atrobrunneatus T. Carvalho
16. Ricinus communis forma atrofulvatus T. Carvalho
17. Ricinus communis forma atrofuscatus T. Carvalho
18. Ricinus communis forma atrophoeniceus T. Carvalho
19. Ricinus communis forma atropunicatus T. Carvalho
20. Ricinus communis forma atropurpureatus T. Carvalho
21. Ricinus communis forma avellanatus T. Carvalho
22. Ricinus communis forma blumeanus Müll. Arg.
23. Ricinus communis forma canatus T. Carvalho
24. Ricinus communis forma canescens T. Carvalho
25. Ricinus communis forma carneatus T. Carvalho
26. Ricinus communis forma cervatus T. Carvalho
27. Ricinus communis forma cinerascens T. Carvalho
28. Ricinus communis forma cinereatus T. Carvalho
29. Ricinus communis forma denudatus Müll. Arg.
30. Ricinus communis forma epiglaucus Müll. Arg.
31. Ricinus communis forma erythrocladus Müll. Arg.
32. Ricinus communis forma exiguus T. Carvalho
33. Ricinus communis forma fulvatus T. Carvalho
34. Ricinus communis forma fumatus T. Carvalho
35. Ricinus communis forma fuscatus T. Carvalho
36. Ricinus communis forma gilvus T. Carvalho
37. Ricinus communis forma glaucus (Hoffmanns.) Müll. Arg.
38. Ricinus communis forma gracilis Müll. Arg.
39. Ricinus communis forma guttatus T. Carvalho
40. Ricinus communis forma hybridus (Besser) Müll. Arg.
41. Ricinus communis forma incarnatus T. Carvalho
42. Ricinus communis forma inermis (Mill.) Müll. Arg.
43. Ricinus communis forma intermedius Müll. Arg.
44. Ricinus communis forma laevis /i> (Dc.) Müll. Arg.
45. Ricinus communis forma macrophyllus Müll. Arg.
46. Ricinus communis forma maculatus T. Carvalho
47. Ricinus communis forma marmoreatus T. Carvalho
48. Ricinus communis forma murinatus T. Carvalho
49. Ricinus communis forma nigellus T. Carvalho
50. Ricinus communis forma nigrescens T. Carvalho
51. Ricinus communis forma niveatus T. Carvalho
52. Ricinus communis forma oblongus T. Carvalho
53. Ricinus communis forma obscurus T. Carvalho
54. Ricinus communis forma oligacanthus Müll. Arg.
55. Ricinus communis forma ostrinatus T. Carvalho
56. Ricinus communis forma pardalinus T. Carvalho
57. Ricinus communis forma picturatus T. Carvalho
58. Ricinus communis forma plumbeatus T. Carvalho
59. Ricinus communis forma pruinosus Müll. Arg.
60. Ricinus communis forma pullatus T. Carvalho
61. Ricinus communis forma punctatus T. Carvalho
62. Ricinus communis forma punctulatus T. Carvalho
63. Ricinus communis forma punicans T. Carvalho
64. Ricinus communis forma purpurascens (Bertol.) Pax
65. Ricinus communis forma radiatus T. Carvalho
66. Ricinus communis forma rufescens T. Carvalho
67. Ricinus communis forma russatus T. Carvalho
68. Ricinus communis forma rutilans Müll. Arg.
69. Ricinus communis forma scaber (Bertol. Ex Moris) Müll. Arg.
70. Ricinus communis forma scriptus T. Carvalho
71. Ricinus communis forma sordidus T. Carvalho
72. Ricinus communis forma stigmosus T. Carvalho
73. Ricinus communis forma striatus T. Carvalho
74. Ricinus communis forma subpurpurascens Müll. Arg.
75. Ricinus communis forma subrotundus T. Carvalho
76. Ricinus communis forma subviridus Müll. Arg.
77. Ricinus communis forma sulcatus T. Carvalho
78. Ricinus communis forma tigrinus T. Carvalho
79. Ricinus communis forma umbrinus T. Carvalho
80. Ricinus communis forma venosus T. Carvalho
81. Ricinus communis forma vinatus T. Carvalho
82. Ricinus communis forma viridis (Willd.) Müll. Arg.
83. Ricinus communis forma zebrinus T. Carvalho
84. Ricinus communis forma zollingeri Müll. Arg.
85. Ricinus communis forma zonatus T. Carvalho
86. Ricinus communis indicus Popova and Moshkin
87. Ricinus communis manshuricus V. Bork.
88. Ricinus communis mexicanus Popova
89. Ricinus communis persicus Popova
90. Ricinus communis ruderalis Popova and Moshkin
91. Ricinus communis sanguineus Popova
92. Ricinus communis sinensis Hiltebr.
93. Ricinus communis sinensis Popova and Moshkin
94. Ricinus communis var. aegyptiaceus (Popova) Moshkin
95. Ricinus communis var. africanus Müll. Arg.
96. Ricinus communis var. almeidae T. Carvalho
97. Ricinus communis var. amblyocalyx Müll. Arg.
98. Ricinus communis var. americanus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
99. Ricinus communis var. armatus (Andr.) Müll. Arg.
100. Ricinus communis var. badius (Rchb.) Müll. Arg.
101. Ricinus communis var. bailundensis Coult.
102. Ricinus communis var. benguelensis Müll. Arg.
103. Ricinus communis var. blumeanus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
104. Ricinus communis var. brasiliensis Müll. Arg. ex Pax and K. Hoffm.
105. Ricinus communis var. brevinodis Moshkin
106. Ricinus communis var. caesius Popova
107. Ricinus communis var. epruinosus T. Carvalho
108. Ricinus communis var. erythrocladus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
109. Ricinus communis var. genuinus Müll. Arg.
110. Ricinus communis var. glauceus T. Carvalho
111. Ricinus communis var. glaucus Popova and Moshkin
112. Ricinus communis var. gracilis (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
113. Ricinus communis var. griseofolius Moshkin
114. Ricinus communis var. griseus T. Carvalho
115. Ricinus communis var. hybridus (Besser) Müll. Arg.
116. Ricinus communis var. indehiscens Moshkin
117. Ricinus communis var. inermis (Mill.) Pax and K. Hoffm.
118. Ricinus communis var. japonicus Popova and Moshkin
119. Ricinus communis var. leucocarpus (Bertol.) Müll. Arg.
120. Ricinus communis var. lividus (Jacq.) Müll. Arg.
121. Ricinus communis var. macrocarpus T. Carvalho
122. Ricinus communis var. macrophyllus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
123. Ricinus communis var. megalospermus (Delile) Müll. Arg.
124. Ricinus communis var. mexicanus (Popova) Moshkin
125. Ricinus communis var. microcarpus Müll. Arg.
126. Ricinus communis var. microspermus Moshkin
127. Ricinus communis var. minor Steud.
128. Ricinus communis var. nanus Moshkin
129. Ricinus communis var. pruinosus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
130. Ricinus communis var. purpurascens (Bertol.) Müll. Arg.
131. Ricinus communis var. reichenbachianus Müll. Arg.
132. Ricinus communis var. rheedianus Müll. Arg.
133. Ricinus communis var. roseus Popova and Moshkin
134. Ricinus communis var. roseus T. Carvalho
135. Ricinus communis var. rugosus Müll. Arg.
136. Ricinus communis var. rutilans (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
137. Ricinus communis var. sanguineus Baill.
138. Ricinus communis var. speciosus (Burm. F.) Müll. Arg.
139. Ricinus communis var. spontaneus Popova and Moshkin
140. Ricinus communis var. subpurpurascens Müll. Arg.
141. Ricinus communis var. subviridus (Müll. Arg.) T. Carvalho
142. Ricinus communis var. typicus Fiori
143. Ricinus communis var. undulatus (Besser) Müll. Arg.
144. Ricinus communis var. vasconcellosii T. Carvalho
145. Ricinus communis var. violaceocaulis Moshkin
146. Ricinus communis var. violaceus T. Carvalho
147. Ricinus communis var. violeus T. Carvalho
148. Ricinus communis var. virens Popova
149. Ricinus communis var. viridis Popova and Moshkin
150. Ricinus communis var. viridus (Willd.) T. Carvalho
151. Ricinus communis zanzibarinus Popova
152. Ricinus compactus Huber
153. Ricinus digitatus Noronha
154. Ricinus europaeus T. Nees
155. Ricinus Gibsonii Auct.
156. Ricinus giganteus Pax and K. Hoffm.
157. Ricinus glaucus Hoffmanns.
158. Ricinus hybridus Besser
159. Ricinus inermis Mill.
160. Ricinus japonicus Thunb.
161. Ricinus krappa Steud.
162. Ricinus laevis Dc.
163. Ricinus leucocarpus Bertol.
164. Ricinus lividus Jacq.
165. Ricinus macrocarpus indicus Popova
166. Ricinus macrocarpus japonicus Popova
167. Ricinus macrocarpus Popova
168. Ricinus macrocarpus sanguineus Popova
169. Ricinus macrocarpus var. nudus Popova
170. Ricinus macrophyllus Bertol.
171. Ricinus medicus Forssk.
172. Ricinus medius J. F. Gmel.
173. Ricinus megalosperma Delile
174. Ricinus messeniacus Heldr.
175. Ricinus metallicus Pax and K. Hoffm.
176. Ricinus microcarpus aegypticus Popova
177. Ricinus microcarpus indostanicus Popova
178. Ricinus microcarpus Popova
179. Ricinus microcarpus spontaneus Popova
180. Ricinus microcarpus var. atrovirens Popova
181. Ricinus minor Mill.
182. Ricinus nanus Bald.
183. Ricinus obermannii Groenl.
184. Ricinus peltatus Noronha
185. Ricinus perennis Steud.
186. Ricinus persicus Popova
187. Ricinus purpurascens Bertol.
188. Ricinus ruber Miq.
189. Ricinus rugosus Mill.
190. Ricinus rutilans Müll. Arg.
191. Ricinus sanguineus Groenl.
192. Ricinus scaber Bertol. Ex Moris
193. Ricinus speciosus Burm. F.
194. Ricinus spectabilis Blume
195. Ricinus tunisensis Desf.
196. Ricinus undulatus Besser
197. Ricinus urens Mill.
198. Ricinus viridis Willd.
199. Ricinus vulgaris Garsault
200. Ricinus vulgaris Mill.
201. Ricinus Zanzibarensis Auct.
202. Ricinus zanzibarinus Popova

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003.

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:1007. 1753

Name verified on 14-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-Sep-1994.

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ricinus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 46 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

R. brevicapitis · R. communis (Caster Oil Plant) · R. communis 'Apache' · R. communis 'Cambegensis' · R. communis 'Cambodgensis' · R. communis 'Carmencita' (Red Castor Bean) · R. communis 'Carmencita Bright Red' · R. communis 'Carmencita Pink' (Pink Castor Bean) · R. communis 'Carmencita Red' · R. communis 'Gibsonii' (Castor Bean Plant) · R. communis 'Impala' (Caster Oil Plant) · R. communis L. 'Sanguinea' · R. communis libsonii · R. communis medins (Castor-Oil-Plant) · R. communis minor · R. communis 'New Zealand Purple' (Purple Castor Bean) · R. communis 'Niger' · R. communis 'Raven' · R. communis 'Red Spire' · R. communis 'Sanguineus' · R. communis 'Zanzibarensis' (Caster Oil Plant) · R. communis 'Zanzibariensis' · R. communis 'Zanzi Palm' · R. comunis (Castor Oil Plant) · R. diffusus · R. dolichocephalus · R. elongatus · R. flavicans · R. frenatus · R. fringillae · R. furfuraceus · R. gibbum-impala · R. leptosomus · R. major · R. marginatus · R. morifolius · R. mugimaki · R. odoratus · R. pallens · R. palma · R. polioptilus · R. pulchellus · R. rubeculae · R. serratus · R. subangulatus · R. tinctus

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A preliminary catalogue of the flora of New Jersey. Comp. by N. L. Britton with the assistance of eminent botanists. New Brunswick, Office of the survey, 1881. ENG url p. 133.
• A catalogue of the Coccidæ of the world. [By] Mrs. Maria E. Fernald, A.M. Amherst, Mass., Carpenter & Morehouse, 1903. ENG url p. 238.
• A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 ENG url p. 125.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- ENG url p. 421.
• A handbook of the destructive insects of Victoria: with notes on the methods to be adopted to check and extirpate them / prepared by order of the Victorian Dept. of Agriculture by C. French. Melbourne: Robt. S. Brain, 1891-1911. ENG url p. 228.
• A naturalist in Brazil; the record of a year's observation of her flora, her fauna, and her people, by Konrad Guenther translated by Bernard Miall Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931. ENG url p. 378, p. 393.
• A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W.G. Farlow and A.B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. ENG url p. 96.
• A study of some characteristics of vegetable oils, by James B. McNair. Chicago, 1930. ENG url p. 55, p. 60, p. 62.
• A voyage to China and the East Indies, by Peter Osbeck. Together with A Voyage to Suratte, by Olof Toreen and an account of the Chinese husbandry, by Captain Charles Gustavus Eckeberg. Tr. from the German, by John Reinhold Forster, F. A. S London, B. White, 1771. ENG url p. 57, p. 82.
• Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas. ENG url p. 168, p. 25.
• African invertebrates: a journal of biodiversity research. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: Council of the Natal Museum, [2001- ENG url p. 328, p. 412, p. 458, p. 514, p. 527.
• Agricultural news. Bridgetown, Barbados, Bowen & sons;1902-22. ENG url p. 235, p. 373, p. 427, p. 428.
• Allgemeine deutsche Garten-Zeitung, hrsg. von der Praktischen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft in Bayern zu Frauendorf. Passau, F. Pustet. GER url p. 13, p. 373, p. 389.
• American forestry. Washington, D.C.: American Forestry Association, 1910-1923. ENG url p. 405.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] ENG url p. 30, p. 33.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1913. ENG url p. 461.
• An introduction to the chemistry of plant products by Paul Haas and T. G. Hill. London, Longmans, Green, 1928-1929. ENG url p. 33.
• An introduction to the natural system of botany: or, A systematic view of the organisation, natural affinities, and geographical distribution, of the whole vegetable kingdom: together with the uses of the most important species in medicine, the art by J London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1830. ENG url p. 103, p. 368.
• Anales de la Sociedad Cientfica Argentina. Buenos Aires. SPA url p. 206.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, ENG url p. 111, p. 231, p. 255, p. 296, p. 397.
• Analytischer Pflanzenschlssel fr botanische Excursionen in der Umgegend von Leipzig, von W. L. Petermann. Leipzig, C. H. Reclam, 1846. GER url p. 1787.
• Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 455, p. 490, p. 614, p. 664.
• Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum [etc.] GER url p. 137, p. 49.
• Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Paris: Masson, -1972. FRE url p. 216.
• Annales de l'Institut colonial de Marseille. Marseille: Institut colonial de Marseille, -1906. FRE url p. 650.
• Annales de la science agronomique franaise et trangre. Paris: Berger-Levrault1884-1930. FRE url p. 430, p. 60.
• Annales des sciences naturelles. Paris: Fortin, Masson, 1834-1937. FRE url p. 117.
• Annales des sciences naturelles: comprenant La physiologie animale et végétale, l'anatomie comparée des deux règnes, la zoologie, la botanique, la minéralogie et la géologie Paris: Crochard FRE url p. 261, p. 264, p. 264, p. 288, p. 422, p. 422.
• Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Leiden [etc.]E.J. Brill [etc.]. ENG url p. 133, p. 143, p. 80.
• Annales du Muse colonial de Marseille. Marseille: Muse colonial, 1907-1954. FRE url p. 100, p. 254.
• Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova. Genova: Tip. del R. Istituto Sordo-Muti, 1870-1914. ITA url p. 511.
• Annali di botanica. Roma, Tipografia F. Failli [etc.] ITA url p. 112, p. 125, p. 142, p. 635.
• Annals and magazine of natural history: including zoology, botany and geology London. url p. 102, p. 141, p. 146, p. 192, p. 196, p. 252, p. 329, p. 420, p. 428, p. 455, p. 459, p. 558.
• Annals of applied biology. [Wellesbourne, Warwick, etc.]Association of Applied Biologists [etc.] ENG url p. 251.
• Annals of the Entomological Society of America. [College Park, Md., etc.]: Entomological Society of America. ENG url p. 358, p. 359.
• Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. Colombo: Skien; 1901-1924. ENG url p. 386.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. ENG url p. 470.
• Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, -1965. ENG url p. 319.
• Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer illu Philadelphia, The author[c1914] ENG url p. 193, p. 194, p. 197, p. 244, p. 410, p. 428, p. 591.
• Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Berlin: Nicolai, 1835- GER url p. 250, p. 280, p. 316, p. 324, p. 324, p. 335.
• Archives n©erlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles, publi©es par la Soci©t© hollandaise des sciences © Harlem. La Haye [etc.]M. Nijhoff [etc.] FRE url p. 352, p. 356.
• Atlas de botanique microscopique: manuel de travaux pratiques / par Henri Coupin, Henri Jodin, André Dauphiné; préface de Gaston Bonnier. Paris: Vigot, 1908. FRE url p. 38.
• Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt. Cassel: Verlag von Gebrder Gotlhelft, 1891-1904. GER url p. 212, p. 299.
• Beitrge zur Biologie der Pflanzen. Berlin [etc.]Duncker & Humblot [etc.], 1870-2006. GER url p. 129, p. 146, p. 352, p. 399.
• Beiträge zur Flora der Cap Verdischen Inseln: mit Berücksichtigung aller bis jetzt daselbst bekannten wildwachsenden und kultivirten Pflanzen: nach eigenen Untersuchungen und mit Benutzung der gewonnenen Resultate anderer Reisenden / dargestellt von Joh Heidelberg: E. Mohr, 1852. GER url p. 307.
• Berattelse om Framstegen i Insekternas, Myriapodernas och Arachnidernas Naturalhistoria. Stockholm. url p. 174.
• Bericht ©ber die Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. Frankfurt a.M.: Die Gesellschaft, 1870-1896. GER url p. 138, p. 149.
• Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Berlin: Gebrder Borntrger, 1883-1987. GER url p. 184, p. 281, p. 289, p. 603, p. 604, p. 605, p. 607, p. 609, p. 610.
• Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin: Berliner Entomologischer Verein, 1857-1913. GER url p. 97.
• Beytrge zur Beschreibung von St. Croix: nebst einer kurzen Uebersicht der benachbarten Inseln, St Thomas, St. Jean, Tortola, Spanishtown und Krabbeneyland / von Hans West. ..; aus dem Dñischen, mit Verbesserungen und Vermehrungen des Verfassers. Kopenhagen: Bey C.G. Proft, Sohn und Cie., 1794. GER url p. 234.
• Biblioteca Italiana. Milan. url p. 220.
• Billeder af nordens flora, ved A. Mentz og C.H. Ostenfeld. København, G.E.C. Gad's forlag, 1917-1927. DAN url p. 462.
• Biochemical systematics [by] Ralph E. Alston [and] B. L. Turner. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall[1963] ENG url p. 83.
• Biochemie der Pflanzen / von Friedrich Czapek. Jena: G. Fischer, 1922-25. GER url p. 133, p. 657.
• Biological effects of radiation; mechanism and measurement of radiation, applications in biology, photochemical reactions, effects of radiant energy on organisms and organic products. Edited by Benjamin M. Duggar. With the cooperation of Janet Howell Clar New York andMcGraw-Hill Book Co., 1936. ENG url p. 1026, p. 969, p. 984.
• Biologisches Zentralblatt. Leipzig [etc.]VEB Georg Thieme [etc.] GER url p. 404, p. 453, p. 491, p. 520, p. 591, p. 67, p. 69, p. 70, p. 788.
• Biology code of the Chemical-Biological Coordination Center... Washington, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, 1960. ENG url p. 120.
• Biology; the story of living things [by] George William Hunter...Herbert Eugene Walter...[and] George William Hunter, III... New York, American book company[c1937] ENG url p. 246.
• Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Cordoba [etc.]Academia Nacional de Ciencias. SPA url p. 452, p. 570.
• Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: Estab. tip. de Fortenet, 1901-1937. SPA url p. 103, p. 143, p. 145, p. 146, p. 166, p. 241, p. 266, p. 342, p. 413, p. 436.
• Bollettino del R. Orto botanico di Palermo. Palermo: Stab. tip. Emanuele Priulla, 1914-1921. ITA url p. 165.
• Bollettino della Società dei naturalisti in Napoli. Napoli, Giannini [etc.] ITA url p. 127, p. 148.
• Bonplandia. Zeitschrift fr die gesammte Botanik. Hannover, C. Rmpler. GER url p. 38.
• Botanische Wanderungen in Brasilien. Reiseskizzen und Vegetationsbilder, von W. Detmer. Leipzig, Veit & Comp., 1897. GER url p. 46.
• Botanisches Taschenbuch fr die Anfñger dieser Wissenschaft und der Apothekerkunst. Regensburg: Bey Montags Erben, [1790-1804] GER url p. 218, p. 228, p. 9.
• Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 107, p. 113, p. 115, p. 120, p. 132, p. 132, p. 135, p. 14, p. 143, p. 149, p. 15, p. 1541, p. 157, p. 168, p. 177, p. 178, p. 181, p. 183, p. 199, p. 2, p. 203, p. 211, p. 212, p. 218, p. 22, p. 227, p. 233, p. 234, p. 243, p. 250, p. 250, p. 254, p. 265, p. 271, p. 275, p. 277, p. 28, p. 283, p. 285, p. 285, p. 30, p. 315, p. 317, p. 32, p. 322, p. 328, p. 328, p. 33, p. 344, p. 346, p. 36, p. 365, p. 366, p. 371, p. 375, p. 379, p. 382, p. 39, p. 390, p. 391, p. 40, p. 402, p. 403, p. 41, p. 420, p. 425, p. 438, p. 45, p. 455, p. 458, p. 470, p. 471, p. 49, p. 5, p. 51, p. 518, p. 552, p. 555, p. 56, p. 562, p. 593, p. 6, p. 676, p. 68, p. 68, p. 69, p. 71, p. 77, p. 83, p. 86, p. 88, p. 92, p. 94.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: H. Hagerups Forlag, ENG url p. 16, p. 241, p. 308.
• Botany for ladies; or, A popular introduction to the natural system of plants, according to the classification of De Candolle. By Mrs. Loudon. London, J. Murray, 1842. ENG url p. 431.
• Botany of the Bermudas / by H.B. Small. Hamilton, Bermuda: S. Nelmes, 1913. ENG url p. 81.
• Botany of the living plant, by F.O. Bower. In the third edition he was assisted by J.M.F. Drummond, and George Bond, in this fourth edition by C.W. Wardlaw. London, Macmillan and Co., ltd., 1947. ENG url p. 11.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. ENG url p. 137, p. 138, p. 150, p. 151, p. 160, p. 161, p. 164, p. 227, p. 42, p. 459, p. 632, p. 92.
• Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique. Montreuil [etc.]Gauther-Villars [etc.] FRE url p. 91.
• Bulletin de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Au sige de la Socit, 1911-1919. FRE url p. 94.
• Bulletin de l'Acadmie internationale de gographie botanique. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1899-1910. FRE url p. 173.
• Bulletin de la Société Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. url p. 634, p. 646, p.
• Bulletin de la Société entomologique d'Égypte. Le Caire, Société entomologique d'Égypte. FRE url p. 103.
• Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Normandie. Lons-le-Saunier [etc.]The Society. FRE url p. 86.
• Bulletin de la Société royale de botanique de Belgique. [Bruxelles]: La Société, [1866]-1989. FRE url p. 343, p. 438.
• Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Geologie. Paris. url p. 44, p. 55, p. 63.
• Bulletin international de l'Acadmie des sciences de Cracovie, Classe des sciences mathmatiques et naturelles. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Krakau. Reihe B, Biologische Wissenschaften. Cracovie: Impr. de l'Universit, 1910-1919. FRE url p. 853.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) ENG url p. 107, p. 113, p. 154, p. 30, p. 376, p. 545, p. 61, p. 70.
• Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. [S.l.: The Academy], 1884- ENG url p. 534.
• Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 308, p. 351.
• Bulletins de l'Acad©mie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique. Bruxelles. FRE url p. 784, p. 790.
• Bullettino del Laboratorio ed Orto botanico. Siena: L. Lazzeri, 1898-1906. ITA url p. 139, p. 186, p. 25, p. 81.
• Bullettino. Florence. ITA url p. 233, p. 234, p. 24.
• Burkill, H. M. 1985 –2004. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. (Use Pl WT Afr)
• Burma, its people and productions; or, Notes on the fauna, flora, and minerals of Tenasserim, Pegu, and Burma. Hertford: S. Austin, 1882-1883. ENG url p. 77.
• Calcified tissues; proceedings. Berlin, Springer-Verlag [etc.] ENG url p. 122.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- ENG url p. 125, p. 126, p. 174, p. 185, p. 288, p. 415, p. 514, p. 79.
• Caroli Linnaei Opera. Editio prima critica, plena, ad editiones veras exacta, textum nullo rei detrimento contractum locosque editionum discrepantes exhibens. Vol. 2., Systema vegetabilium; libros diagnostico-botanicos co Lipsiae, Sumptum fecit O. Wigand, 1840. LAT url p. 953.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. ENG url p. 173.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 1129, p. 383, p. 761, p. 821.
• Chloris platensis argentina / por Cristóbal M. Hicken. Buenos Aires: J.A. Alsina, 1910. SPA url p. 147.
• Commentari dell'Ateneo di Brescia. Brescia. url p. 403.
• Compendio della flora italiana; ossia, Manuale per la determinazione delle piante che trovansi selvatiche od inselvatichite nell'Italia e nelle isole adiacenti. Torino, E. Loescher, 1882. ITA url p. 623.
• Compte rendu / Association franaise pour l'avancement des sciences. Paris, Secretariat de lAssociation. FRE url p. 92.
• Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s©ances de l'Acad©mie des sciences. Paris: publi©s avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique par MM. les secr©taires perp©tuels: -1965. FRE url p. 1175, p. 1252, p. 1262, p. 580, p. 702, p. 732, p. 805.
• Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Paris: publiés avec le concours du Centre national de la recherche scientifique par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels: -1965. FRE url p. 1175, p. 259.
• Conspectul florei României. Plantele vasculare indigene si cele naturalizate ce se gasesc pe teritoriul României, considerate subt punctul de vedere sistematic si geografic, de D. Grecescu. Bucuresti, Tip. Dreptatea, 1898. RUM url p. 525, p. 820.
• Conspectus regni vegetabilis: secundum characteres morphologicos praesertim carpicos in classes ordines et familias digesti, adjectis exemplis nominibusque plantarum usui medico technico et oeconomico inservientium = Uebersicht de zunächst als Leitfaden Nürnberg: Joh. Leonhard Schrag, 1835. LAT url p. 55.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. Chicago, 1895-98. ENG url p. 27, p. xvi.
• Contribution la flore de la Guadeloupe. Basse-Terre, Impr. du Gouvernement, 1892. FRE url p. 137.
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- ENG url p. 42.
• Das natürliche Pflanzensystem: ein Versuch, die gegenseitigen Verwandtschaften der Pflanzen aufzufinden. ..: mit Berücksichtigung der arzneilichen und überhaupt anwendbaren Gewächse, nebst einer historischen Einleitung / von Gustav Heynhold; mit ei Dresden; In der Arnoldischen Buchh., 1840. GER url p. 144.
• Der Tropenpflanzer; zeitschrift fr tropische landwirtschaft. Berlin. GER url p. 334, p. 391, p. 40.
• Descriptive catalogue of the Formosan fungi / by Kaneyoshi Sawoda. Taihoku, Formosa: Agricultural Experiment Station, 1919- ENG url p. 132, p. 154, p. 174, p. 208, p. 211, p. 225, p. 258.
• Descrizione botanica delle campagne di Barletta. Napoli, Fibreno, 1857. ITA url p. 17.
• Die Flora der deutschen Schutzgebiete in der Su?dsee /von Karl Schumann und Karl Lauterbach. 1901 Leipzig: verlag von Gebru?der Borntraeger, 1901 [i.e. 1900] GER url p. 403.
• Die Gartenwelt. Berlin: G. Schmidt, [1897- GER url p. 223.
• Die Insekten. Von Dr. Vitus Graber München, R. Oldenbourg, 1877-79. GER url p. 367.
• Die Lehre von der Pflanzenzelle / von Wilh. Hofmeister. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1867. GER url p. 175, p. 271, p. 276, p. 344, p. 556.
• Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet von A. Engler und K. Prantl, fortgesetzt von A. Engler Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1887-1909. GER url p. 475.
• Die Pflanzenwelt Norwegens. Ein Beitrag zur Natur- und Culturgeschichte Nord-Europas, von F.C. Schübeler. Christiania, A.W. Brögger, 1873-1875. GER url p. 326, p. 404, p. 416, p. 462.
• Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs: versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches / Unter Mitwirkung von Max Bemberger, von Julius von Wiesner. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1914. GER url p. 1002, p. 640, p. 670, p. 685, p. 756, p. 757, p. 758.
• Die bisher bekannten Pflanzen Slavoniens / ein Versuch von Stefan Schulzer von Mueggenburg, August Kanitz, und Josef A. Knapp. Wien: C. Czermak, 1866. GER url p. 27.
• Die schmetterlinge der Philippinischen inseln. Beitrag zur indo-malayischen lepidopteren-fauna, von Georg Semper. Wiesbaden, C. W. Kreidel, 1886-1902. GER url p. 516.
• Dr. Johannes Leunis Synopsis der thierkunde. Ein handbuch für höhere lehranstalten und für alle, welche sich wissenschaftlich mit der naturgeschichte der thiere beschäftigen wollen. Hannover, Hahnsche buchhandlung, 1883-86. GER url p. 314.
• Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz Leipzig: E. Kummer, 1884-1966. GER url p. 317, p. 778.
• Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
• Economic plants. An index to economic products of the vegetable kingdom in Jamaica. Comp. by William Fawcett Jamaica, Govt. Print. Establishment, 1891. ENG url p. 25, p. 58, p. 68.
• Einleitung in das natürliche System der Botanik; oder, Systematische Uebersicht der Organisation, natürlichen Verwandtschaften und geographischen Verbreitung des ganzen Pflanzenreichs, nebst Angabe des Nutzens der wichtigsten Arten in der Heilkunde, Weimar, Verlage des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, 1833. GER url p. 175, p. 518.
• El mdico botnico criollo, por D. Renato de Grosourdy. Paris, F. Brachet, 1864. SPA url p. 478.
• Emergency food plants and poisonous plants of the islands of the Pacific / [E.D. Merrill] Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Print. Office, 1943. ENG url p. 125, p. 127, p. 147.
• Ensayo sobre las plantas usuales de Costa Rica / por H. Pittier. Washington, D.C.: H.L. & J.B. McQueen, 1908. SPA url p. 102, p. 156.
• Entomologica Americana. [Lawrence, Kan., etc.]New York Entomological Society [etc.] ENG url p. 227.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- ENG url p. 178.
• Enumeración de las plantas européas que se hallan como silvestres en la provincia de Buenos Aires y en Patagonia. Buenos Aires, Impr. de Pablo E. Coni, 1877. SPA url p. 7.
• Erdély edényes flórájának helyesbitett foglalata / Enumeratio florae transsilvanicae vesculosae critica / ex mandato Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Regiae Hungaricae scripsit Ludovicus Simonkai. a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat megbizásábol ir Budapest: Kiadja a Kir. Magyar Természettudományi Társulat, 1886. HUN url p. 664.
• Erluterungen ausgewhlter Pflanzen des tropischen Amerikas. Gttingen, Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchh., 1860. GER url p. 12.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. ENG url p. 1, p. 27, p. 272, p. 334, p. 368, p. 410, p. 453, p. 80, p. 986, p. 989.
• First report on economic zoology / by Fred. V. Theobald. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1903. ENG url p. 168.
• Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica: sive descriptiones plantarum quas per Aegyptum inferiorem et Arabiam felicem / detexit, illustravit Petrus Forskl; post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Hauniae: Ex officina Mlleri, 1775. LAT url p. 127.
• Flora Atlantica, sive, Historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro Tunetano et Algeriensi crescunt / auctore Renato Desfontaines. Parisiis: Apud Blanchon, 1800. LAT url p. 355.
• Flora Costaricensis / William Burger, editor. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995. ENG url p. 150, p. 165, p. 168, p. 7.
• Flora Indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants / by the late William Roxburgh. Serampore: Printed for W. Thacker, 1832. ENG url p. 689.
• Flora balearica, étude phytogéographique sur les íles Baléares, par Herman Knoche. [Montpellier, France, Imp. Roumégous et Déhan]1921-1923. FRE url p. 55, p. 65.
• Flora classica. Hrsg. von Julius Billerbeck. Leipzig, J.C. Hinrichssche Buchh., 1824. GER url p. 163.
• Flora de las islas Baleares, seguida de un diccionario de los nombres baleares, castellanos y botánicos, de las plantas espontáneas y de las cultivadas. Palma, Estab. tip. de P.J. Gelabert, 1870-1881. SPA url p. 616, p. 623.
• Flora dell'isola di Pantelleria. Firenze, M. Ricci, 1922. ITA url p. 77.
• Flora der Umgegend von Hamburg. Hamburg, Meissner, 1846. GER url p. 385.
• Flora italiana; ossia, Descrizione delle piante che crescono spontanee o vegetano come tali in Italia e nelle isole ad essa aggaicenti; disposta secondo il metodo naturale. Firenze, Tip. Le Monnier, 1848-1896. ITA url p. 590.
• Flora melitensis nova [by] S. Sommier et A. Caruana Gatto. Firenze, Stabilimento Pellas, 1915. ITA url p. 259, p. 409, p. 420, p. 423, p. 464.
• Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 619.
• Flora of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: an annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of the peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. [Wilmington]: Society of Natural History of Delaware, 1946. ENG url p. 166.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Natural History Museum, 1949. ENG url p. 157.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. ENG url p. 1070.
• Flora of Los Angeles and vicinity / by LeRoy Abrams. Stanford University, Cal. 1917. ENG url p. 213.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 107.
• Flora of Peru: Euphorbiaceae, spurge family / J. Francis MacBride. [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1951. ENG url p. 114.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. ENG url p. 332.
• Flora of the Galápagos Islands; papers from the Hopkins-Stanford Expedition to the Galapagos Islands, by B. L. Robinson, with the collaboration of specialists. [Boston, Mass., 1902] ENG url p. 231, p. 241.
• Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. ENG url p. 255, p. 37.
• Flora of the islands of Margarita and Coche, Venezuela / by John Robert Johnston. Boston: Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 1909. ENG url p. 284.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunke New York, The author, 1913. ENG url p. 705.
• Flora of the southern United States: containing abridged descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. The ferns by Daniel C. Ea New York, Ivison, Phinney, 1865. ENG url p. 409.
• Flora of the vicinity of San Francisco. By H.H. Behr. San Francisco, 1888. ENG url p. 202.
• Flora padovana; ossia, Prospetto floristico e fitogeografico delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite o largamente coltivate crescenti nella provincia di Padova; con notizie storico-bibliografiche sulle fonti d Padova, Prem. Soc. coop. tip., 1909-1914. ITA url p. 455.
• Flora von Bern; systematische Uebersicht der in der Gegend von Bern wildwachsenden und allgemein cultivirten Phanerogamen und Gefässkryptogamen, von L. Fischer. Bern, Huber, 1888. GER url p. 160.
• Flora von Nieder-Österreich. Handbuch zur Bestimmung sämmtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den angrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, häufig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen und Führer zu weiteren botanischen Forsc Wein, C. Gerold, 1890-93. GER url p. 1379, p. 554.
• Flora von Pommern. Cslin, Hendess, 1828-1835. GER url p. 51.
• Flora von Tirol. Ein Verzeichniss der in Tirol und Vorarlberg wild wachsenden und häesiger gebauten Gefässpflanzen. Mit Berücksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung und örtlichen Verhältnisse verfasst und nach Koch's Synopsis d von Frz. Freih. v. Hausmann. Innsbruck, Wagner, 1851. GER url p. 1597.
• Flora voor de Nederlandsch West-Indische eilanden, door I. Boldingh Amsterdam, Druk. van J. H. de Bussy, 1913. DUT url p. 249, p. 408, p. 413, p. 445, p. 55.
• Flore de l'île de Lesbos: plantes sauvages et cultivées / par C.A. Candargy. Üster-Zürich: A. Diggelmann, 1889. FRE url p. 57.
• Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe, ou Descriptions et figures des plantes les plus rares et les plus meritantes / rdige par M. Ch. Lemaire, M. Schweidweller, M. L. van Houtte. Gand: Louis van Houtte, 1845-1880. FRE url p. 215.
• Florida wild flowers; an introduction to the flora of the Florida peninsula, by Mary Francis Baker, photographs by the author. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. ENG url p. 252.
• Garten-Zeitung. Berlin, P. Parey. GER url p. 316, p. 336.
• Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 413, p. 523.
• General embryological information service. Utrecht, Hubrecht Laboratory. ENG url p. 90, p. 94.
• Genetics today: proceedings of the XI International Congress of Genetics, The Hague, The Netherlands, September 1963 / edited by S. J. Geerts. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1963-65. ENG url p. 179, p. 99.
• Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie, von Julius Sachs. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1892-93. GER url p. 558, p. 559, p. 560.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2000. World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae. (L Euphorb)
• Gray's Botanical text-book. [New York: American Book Company, c1879.] ENG url p. 183, p. 45, p. 85.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. ENG url p. 1329, p. 304, p. 484, p. 661, p. 884.
• Growth hormones in plants. Authorized English translation of Die wuchsstofftheorie und ihre bedeutung für die analyse des wachstums und der wachstumsbewegungen der pflanzen. By P. Boysen Jensen Translated and revised by George S. Avery, Jr., and Paul New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1936. ENG url p. 249.
• Growth of plants; twenty years' research at Boyce Thompson Institute. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1948. ENG url p. 353.
• Guide du botaniste en Valais / par le chanoine Rion; publié sous les auspices de la section "Monte-Rosa" du C. A. S. par R. Ritz et F.-O. Wolf. Sion: A. Galerini, 1872. FRE url p. 184.
• Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. Hamburg: R. Kittler, 1852-1890. GER url p. 215, p. 247, p. 4, p. 44, p. 465, p. 485.
• Handbuch der pathogenen mikroorganismen, unter mitwirkung / von Rudolph Abel [u. a.] nebst mikrophotographischem atlas. zusammengestellt von prof. dr. A. Wassermann. Jena: G. Fischer, 1902-04. GER url p. 447.
• Handbuch der systematischen botanik, mit besonderer berücksichtigung der arzneipflanzen. Bd. 1. Leipzig, H. Haessel, 1879. GER url p. 147, p. 205, p. 275, p. 746.
• Handbuch der technischen Mykologie; für technische Chemiker, Nahrungsmittelchemiker, Gärungstechniker, Agrikulturchemiker, Landwirte, Kulturingenieure, Fortswirte und Pharmaceuten. Unter Mitwirkung hervorragender Fachgenossen, hrsg. von Franz Lafar. Jena, Fischer, 1904-14. GER url p. 113.
• Handbuch der vergleichenden Physiologie / bearb. von E. Babák [et al.]. Jena: Fischer, 1910-24. GER url p. 2032, p. 379.
• Handwörterbuch der Zoologie. Unter Mitwirkung von Prof. Dr. von Dalla Torre, bearb. von Dr. Friedrich Knauer. Stuttgart, F. Enke, 1887. GER url p. 51.
• Handwörterbuch der naturwissenschaften / hrsg. von prof. dr. E. Korschelt (zoologie) prof. dr. G. Linck (mineralogie und geologie) prof. dr. F. Oltmanns (botanik) prof. dr. K. Schaum (chemie) prof. dr. H. Th. Simon (physi Jena: G. Fischer, 1912-1915. GER url p. 1308, p. 295.
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- ENG url p. 100.
• Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12. (Weeds SAfr 2001)
• Histologische Beiträge / von Eduard Strasburger. Jena: G. Fischer, 1888-1909. GER url p. 116.
• Immunology, by Noble Pierce Sherwood St. Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1941. ENG url p. 35, p. 631.
• Indian insect pests. By H. Maxwell-Lefroy Calcutta, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, 1906. ENG url p. 318.
• Indicador de madeiras e plantas uteis do Brasil, por Eurico Teixeira da Fonseca. Rio de Janeiro, Officinas graphicas Villas-Boas & co., 1922. POR url p. 223.
• Injurious and beneficial insects of California. / By E. O. Essig. Sacramento, California state printing office, 1915 ENG url p. 19, p. 70.
• International review of the science and practice of agriculture. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases, 1916-1926. ENG url p. 1154, p. 1243.
• Introduction to immunochemical specificity. New York, Interscience Publishers, [1962] ENG url p. 65, p. 72, p. 79, p. 81, p. 95.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 100, p. 101, p. 117, p. 12, p. 13, p. 166, p. 179, p. 19, p. 20, p. 27, p. 31, p. 33, p. 34, p. 36, p. 45, p. 47, p. 52, p. 53, p. 56, p. 62, p. 62, p. 64, p. 65, p. 65, p. 67, p. 82, p. 82, p. 82, p. 86, p. 86, p. 88, p. 88, p. 88, p. 9, p. 90, p. 92, p. 93, p. 94, p. 94, p. 95, p. 95, p. 96, p. 97, p. 98, p. 99.
• Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Botanik. Berlin:G. Borntraeger, 1858-1944. GER url p. 116, p. 118, p. 162, p. 165, p. 170, p. 2, p. 200, p. 202, p. 208, p. 215, p. 222, p. 226, p. 234, p. 376, p. 381, p. 385, p. 407, p. 444, p. 465, p. 496, p. 502, p. 601.
• Jahresbericht der Königl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften über die Fortschritte der Botanik Breslau:Konigl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1838-1847. GER url p. 37, p. 79.
• Jahresbericht über das Gebiet der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1907-1917. GER url p. 102, p. 329, p. 356, p. 394.
• Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte auf dem Gesamtgebiete der Agrikultur-Chemie. Berlin: Julius Springer, 1866-1919. GER url p. 195, p. 284.
• Jahresbericht über die Neuerungen und Leistungen auf dem Gebiete der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Berlin: P. Parey, 1903-1905. GER url p. 299, p. 400.
• Jenaische Zeitschrift f©r Naturwissenschaft. Jena, Gustav Fischer [etc.]. ENG url p. 461, p. 540, p. 563.
• Johnson, J. M.-F. et al. 2007. Biomass-bioenergy crops in the United States: A changing paradigm. Amer. J. Pl. Sci. Biotechnol. 1:8.
• Jornal de horticultura practica. Porto: José Marques Loureiro, 1870-1892. POR url p. 108.
• Journal d'agriculture tropicale: agricole, scientifique et commercial. [Paris, Dubois et Bauer, etc.] FRE url p. 134.
• Journal de botanique. Paris, Bureau de journaux. FRE url p. 146, p. 222, p. 314, p. 356, p. 427.
• Journal für die Gartenkunst: welches eigene Abhandlungen, Auszüge und Urtheile der neuesten Schriften, so vom Gartenwesen handeln, auch Erfahrungen und Nachrichten enthält. Stutgart: Bei Johann Benedict Mezler, 1783-1785. GER url p. 509.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- ENG url p. 162.
• Journal of Indian botany. Madras: Methodist Pub. House, 1919-1923. ENG url p. 355.
• Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. ENG url p. 1049, p. 1057, p. 180, p. 228, p. 262, p. 570, p. 576.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. ENG url p. 391, p. 5, p. 51, p. 93.
• Journal of economic entomology. [College Park, Md., etc.]Entomological Society of America [etc.] ENG url p. 201, p. 470, p. 471, p. 484.
• Journal of shellfish research. [S.l.: National Shellfisheries Association, 1981- url p. 426.
• Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 38 1957 Cambridge, Mass.: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.], 1919- ENG url p. 161, p. 35, p. 415.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. ENG url p. 157, p. 320, p. 374, p. 510, p. 536, p. 554, p. 64, p. 746, p. 771.
• Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Washington [etc., Washington Academy of Sciences] ENG url p. 187.
• Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. London. url p. 201, p. 28.
• Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 1002, p. 1020, p. 1083, p. 1094, p. 11, p. 112, p. 1172, p. 1189, p. 1198, p. 121, p. 1237, p. 124, p. 1248, p. 130, p. 1301, p. 133, p. 134, p. 14, p. 140, p. 142, p. 144, p. 145, p. 148, p. 1501, p. 1505, p. 156, p. 1615, p. 173, p. 180, p. 193, p. 2, p. 203, p. 207, p. 222, p. 237, p. 24, p. 256, p. 259, p. 262, p. 273, p. 279, p. 283, p. 287, p. 30, p. 305, p. 313, p. 32, p. 326, p. 328, p. 351, p. 355, p. 356, p. 362, p. 363, p. 366, p. 373, p. 376, p. 378, p. 380, p. 385, p. 398, p. 407, p. 415, p. 419, p. 42, p. 434, p. 436, p. 44, p. 440, p. 442, p. 444, p. 444, p. 445, p. 448, p. 449, p. 452, p. 452, p. 452, p. 469, p. 47, p. 471, p. 491, p. 491, p. 492, p. 499, p. 503, p. 506, p. 506, p. 507, p. 507, p. 515, p. 515, p. 52, p. 527, p. 531, p. 537, p. 547, p. 547, p. 561, p. 562, p. 563, p. 564, p. 565, p. 567, p. 575, p. 584, p. 592, p. 6, p. 62, p. 621, p. 625, p. 640, p. 65, p. 65, p. 65, p. 651, p. 671, p. 682, p. 720, p. 726, p. 732, p. 738, p. 74, p. 740, p. 744, p. 75, p. 755, p. 773, p. 777, p. 794, p. 805, p. 843, p. 851, p. 868, p. 875, p. 878, p. 878, p. 886, p. 895, p. 895, p. 90, p. 905, p. 937, p. 948, p. 952, p. 965, p. 970, p. 997.
• Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. and Conserv. 13:459.
• L'Agricoltura coloniale. Firenze, Istituto agronomico per l'Africa italiana [etc.] ITA url p. 326.
• L'Agriculture pratique des pays chauds. Paris: Augustin Challamel, [1901-1932] FRE url p. 335.
• L'Année biologique. Paris, Masson. FRE url p. 268, p. 292, p. 367, p. 512.
• L'Illustration horticole; journal international populaire de l'horticulture dans toutes ses branches. Ghent; FRE url p. 293.
• La Feuille des jeunes naturalistes. Paris: A. Dollfus, 1870-1914. FRE url p. 49, p. 67.
• Le Monde des plantes. Le Mans: Impr. Edmond Monnoyer, 1891-1898. FRE url p. 2, p. 261.
• Le Naturaliste. Paris: Bureaux aris, 1879-1910. FRE url p. 135.
• Lehrbuch der Botanik für mittlere und höhere Lehrenstalten, by Dr. K. Prantl Bearb. unter Zugrundelegung des Lehrbuches der Botanik von Jul. Sachs Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1883. GER url p. 283, p. 40.
• Lehrbuch der botanik nach dem gegenwärtigen stand der wissenschaft. Bearb. von dr. Julius Sachs Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1874. GER url p. 100, p. 113, p. 131, p. 23, p. 51, p. 528, p. 54, p. 609, p. 626, p. 68, p. 686, p. 687.
• Leung, A. Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2. (Ency CNatIn)
• Lista de las plantas encontradas hasta ahora en Costa Rica y en los territorios limítrofes: extractada de la "Biologia centrali-americana." [San José: Tip. Nacional, 1888] SPA url p. 69.
• Literaturberichte zur Flora, oder Allgemeinen botanischen Zeitung. Regensburg, K. Bayerische Botanische Gesellschaft. GER url p. 145, p. 55.
• Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
• Manual de plantas de Costa Rica /B.E. Hammel [et al.] editores; Silvia Troyo, ilustraciones. 97 2004 St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Botanical Garden, 2003- SPA url p. 163, p. 166.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] ENG url p. 216, p. 611.
• Manuel de l'acclimateur, ou, Choix de plantes recommandées pour l'agriculture, l'industrie et la médecine, et adaptées aux divers climate de l'Europe et des pays tropicaux / par Charles Naudin et le baron Ferd. von Muller. Paris: Société d'aAcclimatation, 1887. FRE url p. 83.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
• Memoires de la Société Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg. url p. 298, p. 317.
• Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston[Boston Society of Natural History]1862-1878. ENG url p. 538, p. 539.
• Memorias Economicas da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. url p. 226.
• Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa Lisboa: Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa POR url p. 39, p. 61.
• Memorie della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. url p. 87.
• Memorie di matematica e di fisica della Societ`a italiana delle Scienze Verona; Società Italiana delle Scienze. ITA url p. 305.
• Microbiology for agricultural and domestic science students. Contributors: F. T. Bioletti R. E. Buchanan [etc.] ed. by Charles E. Marshall with 128 illustrations. Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's son & co., 1911. ENG url p. 501.
• Mikrochemie der Pflanze. Jena, G. Fischer, 1921. GER url p. 122, p. 368, p. 369, p. 370.
• Morphology of the angiosperms. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1961. ENG url p. 267, p. 97.
• Mortuary ritual of the Badagas of Southern India / Paul Hockings. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 2001. ENG url p. 57.
• Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system - on-line resource. (Can Poison Pl)
• Mélanges de Philosophie et de Mathématique de la Société Royale de Turin. url p. 73.
• Narrative of the circumnavigation of the globe by the Austrian frigate Novara, (Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair, ): undertaken by order of the imperial government, in the years l857, 1858, & 1859, under the immediate auspices of His I. and R. Highness London: Saunders, Otley, 1861-63. ENG url p. 421.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau: wöchentliche Berichte über die Fortschritte auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Braunschweig: Druck und verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, 1886- GER url p. 116, p. 217, p. 231, p. 243, p. 267, p. 284, p. 332, p. 372, p. 568, p. 621, p. 93, p. 97, p. 98, p. 99.
• Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 104, p. 27, p. 30, p. 354, p. 435, p. 636, p. 760.
• Nederlandsch kruidkundig archief. Leyden: S. en J. Luchtmans, 1846-1951. DUT url p. 421.
• Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. Zurich. url p. 146.
• Notes and Queries: a Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, etc. London. url p. 346.
• Nuova flora analitica d'Italia, contenente la descrizione delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite e largamente coltivate in Italia, del dott. Adriano Fiori. Firenze, Tipografia di M. Ricci, 1923-29. ITA url p. 190.
• Nuovi annali delle scienze naturali. Bologna. url p. 367.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. ENG url p. 83, p. 83.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, ENG url p. 28.
• Om Galapagos-öarnes vegetation. Lund, Berlingska boktr., 1854. SWE url p. 36.
• Outlines of classification and special morphology of plants, by K. Goebel. A new ed. of Sachs' Text-book of botany, book II, authorized English translation by Henry E. F. Garnsey; rev. by Isaac Bayley Balfour. With 407 woodcuts. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1887. ENG url p. 447, p. 464, p. 510.
• Parsons, W. T. and E. G. Cuthbertson. 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. (Noxweed Aust)
• Parte práctica de botánica del caballero Cárlos Linneo, que comprehende las clases, órdenes, géneros, especies y variedades de las plantas, con sus caracteres genéricos y especificos, sinónimos mas selectos, nombres triviales, lugares donde nacen, y propr Madrid, En la Imprenta Real, 1784-88. SPA url p. 411.
• Pflanzenphysiologie. Versuche und beobachtungen an höheren und niederen pflanzen einschliesslich bakteriologie und hydrobiologie mit planktonkunde. Von R. Kolkwitz. Jena, G. Fischer, 1914. GER url p. 20, p. 38.
• Photosynthesis / by H. A. Spoehr. New York: The Chemical catalog company, inc., 1926. ENG url p. 211, p. 379, p. 380.
• Photosynthesis and related processes, by Eugene I. Rabinowitch New York, N.Y., Interscience Publishers, inc., 1945- ENG url p. 334, p. 357.
• Physiologische pflanzenanatomie / von dr. G. Haberlandt. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1904. GER url p. 194, p. 244, p. 245, p. 374, p. 468.
• Plant life of Alabama: an account of the distribution, modes of association, and adaptations of the flora of Alabama, together with a systematic catalogue of the plants growing in the state / by Charles Mohr. Montgomery, Ala.: Brown Printing Co., 1901. ENG url p. 594.
• Plant physiology; a textbook for colleges and universities, by Bernard S. Meyer and Donald B. Anderson New York, D. Van Nostrand Company, inc., 1939. ENG url p. 177.
• Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. ENG url p. 30.
• Plantae Brasiliae centralis a Glaziou lectae = Liste des plantes du Brsil central recueillies en 1861-1895 / par A.-F.-M. Glaziou. [Paris: Au sige de la Socit, 1905-1913] FRE url p. 626.
• Plantae Utowanae. Plants collected in Bermuda, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Culebras, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Cuba, the Caymans, Cozumel, Yucatan and the Alacran shoals. Dec. 1898 to Mar. 1899. The Antillean cruise of the y By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. Chicago, 1900. ENG url p. 58.
• Plantae diaphoricae florae Argentinae, ó, Revista sistemática de las plantas medicinales, alimenticias ó de alguna otra utilidad y de las venenosas, qùe son indígenas de la República Argentina Buenos Aires, G. Kraft, 1882. SPA url p. 376.
• Pomona journal of entomology. Claremont, Calif., U.S.A.: Published under the patronage of Ontario-Cucamonga Citrus Association by the Dept. of Biology of Pomona College, [1909] ENG url p. 57, p. 68.
• Praenunciae bahamenses-- I. Contributions to a flora of the Bahamian archipelago. By Charles Frederick Millspaugh. Chicago, 1906. ENG url p. 156.
• Primeras noticias acerca de la vegetacin americana, suministradas por el almirante Coln y los inmediatos continuadores de las investigacionas dirigidas al conocimiento de las plantas, con un resumen de las expediciones botnicas de los espaoles: del docto Madrid: Ateneo de Madrid, 1892. SPA url p. 35.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. [Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia] ENG url p. 405, p. 421, p. 99.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1848-[1958] ENG url p. 203, p. 231, p. 456, p. 523, p. 523.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. [Washington, Biological Society of Washington] ENG url p. 99.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. ENG url p. 93.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, The Academy. ENG url p. 366.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] ENG url p. 149, p. 28, p. 31.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. url p. 276, p. 276, p. 446.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] ENG url p. 538, p. 565, p. 582.
• Records of general science. London. url p. 302, p. 331.
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Rendiconto dell' Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. Napoli. ITA url p. 225.
• Report of the Agricultural Research Institute and College, Pusa. Calcutta: Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1909-1916. ENG url p. 62.
• Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. London. url p. 158, p. 263, p. 301.
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. ENG url p. 36.
• Report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York. Albany: Weed, Parsons and Co.; University of the State of New York, 1882- ENG url p. 264, p. 394, p. 77.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. ENG url p. 126, p. 129, p. 134, p. 191, p. 282, p. 283, p. 305, p. 57, p. 58, p. 64.
• Revista do Museu Paulista. São Paulo: Museu Paulista, 1895- POR url p. 447.
• Saldanha, C. J. and D. H. Nicolson. 1976. Flora of Hassan district. (F Hassan)
• Science progress in the twentieth century: a quarterly journal of scientific work & thought. London: John Murray, 1906-1916. ENG url p. 109.
• Science progress. London: Scientific Press, [1894-1898] ENG url p. 115, p. 116, p. 224, p. 229, p. 241, p. 350, p. 46.
• Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands / New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N.Y.: The Academy, 1919- url p. 200, p. 493, p. 95.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. ENG url p. 21, p. 55, p. 58, p. 65, p. 87.
• Sino-Iranica; Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products / by Berthold Laufer -- Chicago, 1919. ENG url p. 403, p. 482, p. 620.
• Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Berlin, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. GER url p. 147.
• Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Commission bei F. Tempsky, GER url p. 173.
• Sitzungsberichte. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Kommission bei A. H©lder, GER url p. 280.
• Some south Indian insects and other animals of importance considered especially from an economic point of view. By T. Bainbrigge Fletcher Madras, Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1914. ENG url p. 271, p. 412.
• Soukup, J. 1970. Vocabulario de los nombres vulgares de la flora peruana. (Names Soukup) 292.
• South African journal of natural history. Pretoria, South African Biological Society. ENG url p. 102, p. 115, p. 116, p. 120, p. 121, p. 129, p. 130, p. 132, p. 135, p. 91.
• South African journal of science. [Marshalltown, Transvaal: South African Association for the Advancement of Science, ENG url p. 164, p. 197, p. 351, p. 354.
• Special scientific report. Seattle, National Marine Fisheries Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949-1971. ENG url p. 14.
• St. Croix's flora / af H.F.A. Baron Eggers. [Kjbenhavn: s.n., 1876] DAN url p. 67.
• Syllabus florae Siculae; seu, Vascularium plantarum Siciliam sponte incolentium enumeratio. [Acireale, 1893] LAT url p. 48.
• Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Digessit P. A. Saccardo. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris, 1882-1931. LAT url p. 1033, p. 1034.
• Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis / edidit Ignatius Urban. Berolini: Fratres Borntraeger, 1898-1928. GER url p. 348, p. 363.
• Symbolae ad floram Argentinam. Zweite Bearbeitung argentinischer Pflanzen. Göttingen, Dieterich'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung, 1879. GER url p. 53.
• Synopsis mycologiae Venetae secundum matrices, digesserunt J. Cuboni et V. Mancini. Patavii, Typis Seminarii, 1886. LAT url p. 206.
• Systema plantarum Europae, exhibens characteres naturales generum, characteres essentiales generum & specierum, synonima antiquorum, phrases specificas recentiorum Halleri, Scopoli, &c. Descriptiones rariorum, nec-non floras t Curante Joan. Emman. Gilibe Coloniae-Allobrogum, Sumptibus Piestre & Delamolliere, 1785-1787. LAT url p. 28.
• Systematic arrangement of Australian Fungi, together with host-index and list of works on the subject. By D. McAlpine. Melbourne, R.S. Brain, Govt. Printer, 1895. ENG url p. 215, p. 222.
• Systematische Untersuchungen ber die Vegetation der Karaiben, inbesondere der Insel Guadeloupe. Gttingen, Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, 1857. GER url p. 22.
• Systême sexuel des végétaux, suivant les classes, les ordres, les genres et les espèces, avec les caractères et les differences / par Charles Linné. Paris: A. Bertrand, 1803. FRE url p. 683.
• Taschenbuch für den schweizerischen Botaniker / bearbeitet von J.C. Ducommun. Solothurn: Selbstverlag des Verfassers, 1869. GER url p. 667.
• Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- ENG url p. 1065, p. 1177, p. 1840, p. 476.
• The American botanist: a monthly journal for the plant lover. Binghamton, N.Y.: Willard N. Clute & Co., 1901-1948. ENG url p. 4.
• The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. ENG url p. 179, p. 41.
• The Annual of scientific discovery: or, Year-book of facts in science and art. Boston: Gould, Kendall, and Lincoln, 1850- ENG url p. 346.
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, Published by the authors, 1920. ENG url p. 230.
• The Biological bulletin. Woods Hole, Mass.: Marine Biological Laboratory, ENG url p. 236, p. 238, p. 268, p. 538.
• The Canadian entomologist. Ottawa [etc.]Entomological Society of Canada [etc.] ENG url p. 108.
• The Entomologist's monthly magazine. Oxford [etc.]Entomologist's Monthly Magazine Ltd. [etc.] ENG url p. 160.
• The Floral world and garden guide. London, Groombridge and Sons, 1858-1880. ENG url p. 262, p. 34, p. 88.
• The Great Basin naturalist. Provo, Utah, M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. ENG url p. 240, p. 60.
• The Hawaiian forester and agriculturist. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Co., 1904-1933. ENG url p. 290, p. 292, p. 61.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. ENG url p. 14, p. 206.
• The Journal of microscopy and natural science. [London: W. P. Collins, 1884- ENG url p. 161.
• The Journal of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture. San Juan: [Board of Commissioners of Agriculture, 1917]. ENG url p. 10, p. 243.
• The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Bombay: The Society, ENG url p. 161, p. 166, p. 372, p. 68, p. 971.
• The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan = Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku kiyo. Rika. Tokyo, Japan: The University, 1898-1925. ENG url p. 188, p. 20, p. 365, p. 471, p. 52, p. 6, p. 9.
• The Nautilus. [Melbourne, Fla., etc., American Malacologists, inc., etc.] ENG url p. 133.
• The North American cup-fungi (inoperculates) New York, 1951. ENG url p. 394, p. 62.
• The Ohio journal of science. [Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science] ENG url p. 108, p. 189, p. 197, p. 295, p. 62, p. 69.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] ENG url p. 151, p. 160, p. 68.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] ENG url p. 493, p. 78, p. 79.
• The Review of applied entomology. [Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc.] ENG url p. 125, p. 209, p. 225, p. 271, p. 289, p. 303, p. 379, p. 430, p. 440, p. 476, p. 484, p. 498, p. 51, p. 56, p. 629, p. 632, p. 679, p. 706, p. 792, p. 805, p. 819, p. 85.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. ENG url p. 1043, p. 1060, p. 147, p. 193.
• The agricultural gazette of New South Wales. Sydney, C. Potter, Govt. Printer [etc.]. ENG url p. 418.
• The biology of flowering plants, by Macgregor Skene New York, The Macmillan Company, 1924. ENG url p. 435, p. 436.
• The carnivorous plants, by Francis Ernest Lloyd Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Company, 1942. ENG url p. 349, p. 74.
• The ethnobotany of southern Balochistan, Pakistan: with particular reference to medicinal plants / Steven M. Goodman, Abdul Ghafoor. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1992. ENG url p. 57, p. 8, p. 83.
• The flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, by Baron H.F.A. Eggers. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1879. ENG url p. 92.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. ENG url p. 62.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands by I. Boldingh. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1909-14. ENG url p. 173, p. 188, p. 54.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. ENG url p. 223.
• The fundamentals of bacteriology, by Charles Bradfield Morrey illustrated with 175 engravings and 6 plates. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1929. ENG url p. 341.
• The gardens' bulletin, Straits Settlements. Singapore: Straits Times Press, 1913-1941. ENG url p. 283, p. 304, p. 414.
• The international bibliography of electron microscopy. New York[1959-1962] ENG url p. 318.
• The journal of the Horticultural Society of London. London, [England]: Published for the Society, by Longman and Co., 1846-1855. ENG url p. 244, p. 277, p. 280, p. 282.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. ENG url p. 11, p. 866, p. 903.
• The natural history of Pliny. Tr., with copious notes and illustrations, by the late John Bostock and H. T. Riley. London, H. G. Bohn, 1855-57. ENG url p. 287.
• The natural productions of Burmah: or, notes on the fauna, flora, and minerals of the Tenasserim provinces and the Burman empire / by Francis Mason. Maulmain: American Mission Press, 1850. ENG url p. 165.
• The organic constituents of higher plants: their chemistry and interrelationships. With contributions by Ernest Sondheimer. Minneapolis, Burgess Pub. Co.[1963] ENG url p. 296, p. 72.
• The physiology of plants; a treatise upon the metabolism and sources of energy in plants, by Dr. W. Pfeffer 2d fully rev. ed., translated and edited by Alfred J. Ewart. Oxford, Clarendon press, 1900-06. ENG url p. 259, p. 291, p. 625.
• The science of biology. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Co., 1952. ENG url p. 267.
• The structure of economic plants, by Herman E. Hayward. New York, Macmillan, 1938. ENG url p. 30, p. 38, p. 672.
• The transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. St. Louis: The Academy, 1860-1958. ENG url p. 248.
• The tropical agriculturist. Colombo, Ceylon: A.M. & J. Ferguson, 1882- ENG url p. 271.
• The vegetable kingdom: or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system / by John Lindley. London: Bradbury and Evans, 1846. ENG url p. 276, p. 280.
• The vegetation of Mona Island, a paper read by invitation at the twenty-fifth anniversary celebration of the Missouri Botanical Garden, October 15, 1914. St Louis, 1915. ENG url p. 42.
• Thesaurus litteraturae mycologicae et lichenologicae ratione habita praecipue omnium quae adhuc scripta sunt de mycologia applicata quem congesserunt G. Lindau et P. Sydow. Lipsiis, Fratres Borntraeger, 1908-1917. LAT url p. 495.
• Tijdschrift voor entomologie. [Amsterdam]: Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. MUL url p. 118, p. 119, p. 23, p. 53, p. 58.
• Topografa mdica de la isla de Cuba. Por el dr. D. Ramon Peuela Habana, Tiempo, 1855. SPA url p. 313.
• Trace elements in plants and animals, by Walter Stiles Cambridge [Eng.]The University Press;1946. ENG url p. 17.
• Trait de botanique mdicale cryptogamique, suivi du tableau du droguier de la Facult de mdecine de Paris, par H. Baillon. Avec 370 figures dans le texte, dessins de A. Faguet. Paris, O. Doin, 1889. FRE url p. 328.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: J. Hughes, Printer, 1869-1934. ENG url p. 174, p. 2, p. 224.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of Saint Louis. [St. Louis, Academy of Science of St. Louis] ENG url p. 248.
• Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Topeka, Kan.: W.Y. Morgan, 1903- ENG url p. 204.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London. url p. 250, p. 251, p. 252.
• Travels of Ruiz, Pavón, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777-1788) / by Hipólito Ruiz; with an epilogue and official documents added by Agustín Jesús Barreiro; translation by B.E. Dahlgren. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1940. ENG url p. 355, p. 91.
• Untersuchungen aus dem Botanischen Institut zu Tbingen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1881-1888. GER url p. 151, p. 174, p. 189, p. 193, p. 199, p. 202, p. 205, p. 224, p. 229, p. 461, p. 548, p. 624, p. 634, p. 657.
• Untersuchungen über die assimilation der kohlensäure. Seiben abhandlungen von Richard Willstätter und Arthur Stoll Berlin, J. Springer, 1918. GER url p. 83, p. 84.
• Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq / by David Hooper. With notes by Henry Field. Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 155, p. 164, p. 220, p. 223, p. 228, p. 230, p. 238.
• Variation in animals and plants, by H.M. Vernon New York, H. Holt and company, 1902. ENG url p. 265.
• Versuch einer Aufzählung der phanerogamischen Nutzpflanzen Österreichs und ihre Verbreitung / von D. Stur. Wien: Aus der K. K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1857. GER url p. 50.
• Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kj©benhavn. Kj©benhavn: Selskabets Bestyrelse, [1849]-1912. DAN url p. 383.
• Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. Zürich: Fäsi & Beer, GER url p. 302, p. 303, p. 384.
• Water in the physiology of plants, by A. S. Crafts, H. B. Currier and C. R. Stocking. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co., 1949. ENG url p. 195, p. 238.
• Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. (Invasive Pl Spec)
• Wecko-Skrift for Låkare och Naturforskare. Stockholm. url p. 371.
• Westphal, E. and P. C. M. Jansen, eds. 1989. A selection. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) A:237.
• Woods of northeastern Peru, by Llewelyn Williams. Chicago, 1936. ENG url p. 264, p. 547, p. 584.
• Zeitschrift fur Acclimatisation. url p. 173, p. 31, p. 314, p. 37, p. 47, p. 48, p. 49.
• Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Mikroskopie und mikroskopische Technik. Stuttgart [etc.]S. Hirzel [etc.] GER url p. 336, p. 475, p. 476, p. 573, p. 80.
• Zellen- und gewebelehre, morphologie und entwicklungsgeschichte, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger und O. Hertwig. I: Botanischer teil, unter redaktion von E. Strasburger, bearb. von E. Strasburger und W. Benecke; mit 135 abbildungen im text. Leipzig [etc.]B. G. Teubner, 1913. GER url p. 136, p. 35.
• Zentralblatt für Zoologie, allgemeine und experimentelle Biologie. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, [1912-1918] GER url p. 244.
• Zentralblatt für allgemeine und experimentelle Biologie. Leipzig, S. Hirzel. GER url p. 842.
• Ziele und Wege biologischer Forschung: beleuchtet an der Hand einer Gerüstbildungsmechanik / Von Dr. Friedrich Dreyer. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1892. GER url p. 96.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 1 1890 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. ENG url p. 124, p. 145, p. 30.
• Zoologische Jahrbücher. Jena [Germany]: G. Fischer, GER url p. 589.
• iii.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 6, 2006.
• Cerambycidae database 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• "Ricinus communis". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 248. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFeb 2, 2006.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Almería, HUAL
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research
• , IPK Genebank
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Taiwan Biodiversity Data for GBIF
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652007
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-178867
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14173659
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:355498-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 31896
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28393
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RICO3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60300

Footnotes

1. "Ricinus communis". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 248. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 564.230 meters (1,851.148 feet), Standard Deviation = 894.220 based on 929 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2009 the BayScience Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.