Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
Chinese Sumac, Chinese Gall, Nutgall, Nutgalltree
Description
Genus Rhus
Polygamous or dioecious trees
or shrubs
, usually sapiferous; sap
often irritant. Leaves compound
. Flowers small, greenish, in axillary
or terminal
panicles. Calyx persistent
, 4-6-lobed; lobes
imbricate. Petals 4-6, spreading
. Disk present. Stamens as many as or twice the number of petals; anthers
bilocular
, imperfect in the female flowers. Ovary unilocular
; styles 3, usually free
. Drupe small and dry.
Commonly known as sumacs. A genus of 250 species occurring in the warm temperate
and subtropical
regions of both the hemispheres. Represented in Pakistan by 7 species, 4 of which are native
.[1]
Physical Description
Species Rhus chinensis
Shrubs to trees , 2-10 m tall; branchlets ferruginous pubescent , lenticellate . Leaf blade sessile, imparipinnately compound ; rachis broadly winged to wingless, ferruginous pubescent; leaflets (5-) 7-13; leaflet blade ovate to oblong , increasing in size toward apex, 6-12 × 3-7 cm, adaxially dark green, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent , abaxially lighter green, glaucous, and ferruginous pubescent, base rounded to cuneate in terminal leaflet, margin dentate , often crenate , apex acute, lateral veins and reticulate venation impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially. Inflorescence many branched, densely ferruginous pubescent, male ones 30-40 cm, female ones shorter. Pedicel ca. 1 mm, minutely pubescent; flowers white. Male flowers: calyx minutely pubescent, lobes long ovate, ca. 1 mm, with ciliate margins; petals obovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm; stamen filaments ca. 2 mm, anthers ovoid , ca. 0.7 mm; disk annular ; ovary reduced to absent. Female flowers: calyx lobes ca. 0.6 mm; petals elliptic-ovate, ca. 1.6 mm; staminodes much reduced; disk annular; ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, densely white pubescent, styles 3, stigma capitate. Drupe globose , slightly compressed , 4-5 mm in diam., mixed pilose and glandular-pubescent , red at maturity. Fl. Aug-Sep, fr. Oct. [source]
Habit: Deciduous.
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March. • Flower Color: pale green, red
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 30-40' tall.
Habitat
Lowland, hill , and mountain forests , forests along streams , thickets; 100-2800 m [2].
Biology
Growth
Culture: Space 20-30' apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Rutanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Sapindales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Anacardiaceae
()
- R. Br., in Tuckey, 1818, nom. cons.
- Family:
Anacardiaceae
(
- Order:
Sapindales
(
- Superorder:
Rutanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author
: Mill
. Publication
: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 7 1768
[16 Apr 1768]
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Rhus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 46 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
R. aromatica (Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica var. arenaria (Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica var. aromatica (Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica var. serotina (Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica 'Gro-low' (Gro-Low Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica 'Grow-Low' (Fragrant Sumac) · R. aromatica 'Konza' (Konza Fragrant Sumac) · R. ashei (Ash's Sumac) · R. chinensis (Chinese Sumac) · R. copallina (Dwarf Sumac) · R. copallina copallina (Mountain Sumach) · R. copallina leucantha (Southern Sumac) · R. copallinum (Flameleaf Sumac) · R. copallinum var. copallinum (Flameleaf Sumac) · R. copallinum var. latifolia (Winged Sumac) · R. copallinum var. leucantha (Winged Sumac) · R. coriaria (Elm-Leaved Sumac) · R. crenata (Dune Crowberry) · R. glabra (Smooth Sumac) · R. glabra 'Laciniata' (Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac) · R. glauca (Gray-Green Taaibos) · R. hirta (Staghorn Sumac) · R. integrifolia (Lemonade Berry) · R. kearneyi (Desert Sumac) · R. lancea (African Sumac) · R. lanceolata (Prairie Sumac) · R. lentii (Pink Flowering Sumac) · R. michauxii (False Poison Sumac) · R. microphylla (Littleleaf Sumac) · R. ovata (Chapparal Sumac) · R. pendulina (River Karee) · R. pulvinata (Pulvinate Sumac) · R. sandwicensis (Neleau) · R. trichocarpa (Japanese Sumac) · R. trilobata (Aromatic Sumac) · R. trilobata var. anisophylla (Smoothleaf Skunkbush) · R. trilobata var. pilosissima (Fragrant Sumacpubescent Skunkbush Sumac) · R. trilobata var. quinata (Grand Canyon Skunkbush) · R. trilobata var. racemulosa (Summer Skunkbush) · R. trilobata var. simplicifolia (Single-Leaf Skunkbush) · R. trilobata var. trilobata (Ill-Scented Sumac) · R. typhina 'Tiger Eyes' (Staghorn Sumac) · R. virens (Evergreen Sumac) · R. virens choriophylla var. choriophylla (Evergreen Sumac) · R. virens var. choriophylla (Evergreen Sumac) · R. virens var. virens (Evergreen Sumac)
More Info
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Further Reading
- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url .
- A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L.H. Pammel. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: Torch Press, 1910-1911. url p. 806.
- Applied and economic botany for students in technical and agricultural schools, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, for chemists, food analysts and for the those engaged in the morphological and physiological study of plants. New York, Wiley[1916] url p. 212.
- Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer. .. illustrated with 424 plates, comprising about 2000 figures. Philadelphia, The author[c1914] url p. 212.
- Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 7 1939 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 90.
- Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 1016.
- Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 398, p. 399, p. 404, p. 405, p. 407, p. 409, p. 537.
- Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 597.
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1992 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 1329.
- Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 220, p. 611.
- Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 578.
- The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 23 1886-88 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 147.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
- US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670433
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-506464
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13764073
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70452-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 31679
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506464
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 70452-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RHCH9
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 60036
Footnotes
- Yashin J. Nasir "Rhus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 4.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Rhus chinensis". in Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 335, 346. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
