Ranunculus repens

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Ranunculus

Herbs, annual or perennial , from tuberous roots , caudices, rhizomes, stolons, or bulbous stem bases . Leaves basal, cauline, or both, simple , variously lobed or parted , or compound , all petiolate or distal leaves sessile; cauline leaves alternate (rarely a distal pair opposite in Ranunculus sect. Flammula ) . Leaf blade reniform to linear , margins entire, crenate , or toothed . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals sometimes persistent in fruit, 3-5(-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R . ficaria ), oblong to elliptic , ovate , or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals 0-22(-150), distinct , yellow, rarely white, red, or green, plane, linear to orbiculate, 1-26 mm; nectary present, usually covered by scale; stamens (5-) 10-many; filaments filiform ; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-250, simple; ovule 1 per ovary; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, rarely utricles, aggregate, sessile, discoid , lenticular , globose , obovoid , or cylindric , sides sometimes veined; beak present or absent, terminal, straight or curved , 0-4.5 mm. x = 7, 8.

Species about 300: worldwide except lowland tropics.

Most Ranunculus species are poisonous to stock; when abundant, they may be troublesome to ranchers. A few species with acrid juice were formerly used as vesicatories. The genus is badly in need of biosystematic work. Apomixis and interspecific hybridization occur in several Old World groups of buttercups; some of the taxonomic complexity of the New World species probably results from these processes.

Considerable disagreement exists among authors on the proper generic and infrageneric classification of Ranunculus . Most of the subgenera accepted here have been treated as separate genera at one time or another. All recent studies have been based on local or continental floras , however, and classifications proposed for one region may not work for the plants of other regions. Like most North American workers, I have followed the generic and infrageneric classification of L. D. Benson (1948), who gave by far the most thorough and best documented study of the problem. The genus and its subdivisions should be studied on a worldwide basis.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Meadows, borders of marshes, lawns, roadsides; 0-2500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. R. repens var. glabratus de Candolle
2. R. repens var. linearilobus de Candolle
3. R. repens var. pleniflorus Fernald
4. R. repens var. villosus Lamotte
5. Ranunculus repens var. degeneratus Schur
6. Ranunculus repens var. erectus Dc.
7. Ranunculus repens var. erectus de Candolle
8. Ranunculus repens var. glabratus Dc.
9. Ranunculus repens var. linearilobus Dc.
10. Ranunculus repens var. pleniflorus Fern.
11. Ranunculus repens var. typicus G. Beck
12. Ranunculus repens var. villosus Lamotte

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 1:554. 1753

Name verified on 27-Jan-1997 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 27-Jan-1997

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ranunculus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1912 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

R. abaensis · R. abchasicus · R. abditus · R. aberdaricus · R. aberrans · R. abnormis · R. aborticus · R. abortificus · R. abortivus (Small-Flowered Buttercup) · R. abortivus eucyclus · R. abortivus var. abortivus (Littleleaf Buttercup) · R. abortivus var. australis · R. abrotanifolius · R. abstrusus · R. abulensis · R. abyssinicus · R. acarpellophorus · R. acaulis · R. accedens · R. accessivus · R. acer (Cmmon Buttercup) · R. acetosellaefolius · R. acetosellifolius · R. acidotus · R. acinaciformis · R. acinacilobus · R. aconitifolius · R. aconitifolius 'Flore Pleno' (White Bachelors Buttons) · R. aconitifolius flore pleno 'Batchelor's Button' · R. aconitifolius 'Luteus Plenus' · R. acrifoliiformis · R. acriformis (Sharpleaf Buttercup) · R. acriformis var. acriformis (Sharpleaf Buttercup) · R. acriformis var. montanensis (Mountain Sharp Buttercup) · R. acris (Common Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris borealis · R. acris 'Citrinus' · R. acris 'Cricket' · R. acris 'Farrer's Yellow' · R. acris 'Flore-Pleno' · R. acris 'Flore Pleno' · R. acris friesianus · R. acris 'Hedgehog' · R. acris japonicus · R. acris L. var. frigidus Regel · R. acris pumilus · R. acris 'Stevenii' · R. acris subsp. hultenii · R. acris subsp. japonicus · R. acris subsp. nipponicus · R. acris subsp. pumilus · R. acris subsp. subcorymbosus · R. acris 'Sulphureum' · R. acris 'Sulphureus' · R. acris var. acris (Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris var. b (Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris var. frigidus (Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris var. pyrenaeus · R. acrophilus · R. acuistylus · R. acutidens · R. acutidentatus · R. acutidentiformis · R. acutilobus · R. acutimammus · R. acutipartitus · R. acutiserratus · R. acutiusculus · R. acutulans · R. adoneus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. adoneus alpinus · R. adoneus var. adoneus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. adoneus var. alpinus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. adoxifolius · R. adscendens · R. adunans · R. aduncus · R. aemulans · R. aeolicus · R. aequalis · R. aequidens · R. aesontinus · R. aestivalis (Autumn Buttercup) · R. affinis · R. affinis cardiophyllus · R. affinis micropetalus · R. affinis var. flabellata · R. affinis var. ternatus · R. afghanicus · R. africanus · R. afzelii · R. agerii · R. aggregatus · R. agrarius · R. aguatilis · R. agynophorus · R. akkemensis · R. alaiensis · R. alaschanicus · R. alatus

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 49 providers.
• "Ranunculus repens". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

• GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645468
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18642
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13801030
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:713678-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 30841
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18642
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RAREV
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 59649

Footnotes

1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orb�lia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Alan T. Whittemore "Ranunculus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Ranunculus repens". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 175.480 meters (575.722 feet), Standard Deviation = 195.250 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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