Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Blister Flower, Bulbous Buttercup, Bulbous Crowfoot, Gowan, St. Anthony's Turnip, Yellow Weed
Common Names in Portuguese:
Pé-De-Galo, Portuguese
Description
Family Ranunculaceae
Herbs perennial
or annual
, sometimes subshrubs
or herbaceous or woody vines
. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled
, simple
or variously compound
, palmately nerved, rarely penninerved
, with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual
, sometimes unisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free
, petaloid
or sepaloid
, imbricate or sometimes valvate
in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous
, rarely few, free; filaments
linear
or filiform
; anthers
latrorse
, introrse
, or extrorse
; sometimes some sterile
stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate
to various degrees
; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries
. Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.
About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions
, particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Ranunculus
Herbs, annual
or perennial
, from tuberous
roots
, caudices, rhizomes, stolons, or bulbous stem bases
. Leaves basal, cauline, or both, simple
, variously lobed
or parted
, or compound
, all petiolate
or distal leaves sessile; cauline leaves alternate (rarely a distal pair opposite in Ranunculus sect. Flammula ) . Leaf blade
reniform
to linear
, margins
entire, crenate
, or toothed
. Inflorescences terminal
or axillary
, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual
, radially symmetric
; sepals sometimes persistent
in fruit, 3-5(-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane
(base saccate in R . ficaria ), oblong
to elliptic
, ovate
, or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals 0-22(-150), distinct
, yellow, rarely white, red, or green, plane, linear to orbiculate, 1-26 mm; nectary
present, usually covered by scale; stamens (5-) 10-many; filaments
filiform
; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-250, simple; ovule 1 per ovary; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, rarely utricles, aggregate, sessile, discoid
, lenticular
, globose
, obovoid
, or cylindric
, sides sometimes veined; beak
present or absent, terminal, straight or curved
, 0-4.5 mm.
x
= 7, 8.
Species about 300: worldwide except lowland tropics.
Most Ranunculus species are poisonous to stock; when abundant, they may be troublesome to ranchers. A few species with acrid
juice were formerly used as vesicatories. The genus is badly in need of biosystematic work. Apomixis and interspecific
hybridization occur in several Old World groups of buttercups; some of the taxonomic
complexity of the New World species probably results from these processes.
Considerable disagreement exists among authors
on the proper generic
and infrageneric
classification of Ranunculus . Most of the subgenera
accepted here have been treated as separate genera at one time or another. All recent studies have been based on local or continental floras
, however, and classifications proposed for one region may not work for the plants
of other regions. Like most North American workers, I have followed the generic and infrageneric classification of L. D. Benson (1948), who gave by far the most thorough and best documented study of the problem. The genus and its subdivisions should be studied on a worldwide basis.[2]
Physical Description
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May. • Flower Color: yellow
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-12" tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,230 meters (0 to 4,035 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 9-12" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Ranunculales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
(
)
- Adans., 1763, nom. cons.
- boutons d'or, buttercups
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Ranunculeae
(
)
- Genus:
Ranunculus
(
)
- C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Buttercup, crowfoot, renoncule [Latin rana, frog, unculus, little, allusion to the wet habitats in which some species grow]
- Specific epithet:
bulbosus
- L.
- Botanical name: - Ranunculus bulbosus L.
- Specific epithet:
bulbosus
- L.
- Genus:
Ranunculus
(
- Tribe:
Ranunculeae
(
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
(
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
(
- Order:
Ranunculales
(
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Ranunculus bulbosus var. dissectus Barbey • Ranunculus bulbosus var. valdepubens (Jord.) Briq.
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ranunculus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 202 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
R. abortivus (Early Woodbuttercup) · R. abortivus var. abortivus (Littleleaf Buttercup) · R. acer (Cmmon Buttercup) · R. aconitifolius 'Flore Pleno' (Fair Maids of France) · R. acriformis (Sharpleaf Buttercup) · R. acriformis var. acriformis (Sharpleaf Buttercup) · R. acriformis var. montanensis (Mountain Sharp Buttercup) · R. acris (Common Buttercup) · R. acris var. acris (Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris var. b (Meadow Buttercup) · R. acris var. frigidus (Meadow Buttercup) · R. adoneus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. adoneus var. adoneus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. adoneus var. alpinus (Alpine Buttercup) · R. aestivalis (Autumn Buttercup) · R. alismaefolius alismaefolius (Water-Plantain Buttercup) · R. alismifolius (Dwarf Buttercup) · R. alismifolius var. alismellus (Plantainleaf Buttercup) · R. alismifolius var. alismifolius (Plantainleaf Buttercup) · R. alismifolius var. davisii (Davis' Buttercup) · R. alismifolius var. montanus (Waterplantain Buttercup) · R. allegheniensis (Allegheny Mountain Buttercup) · R. allenii (Allen Buttercup) · R. ambigens (Waterplantain Spearwort) · R. andersonii (Anderson's Buttercup) · R. andersonii var. andersonii (Anderson's Buttercup) · R. andersonii var. tenellus (Anderson's Buttercup) · R. aquatilis (Water Buttercup) · R. aquatilis var. aquatilis (White Water-Crowfoot) · R. arizonicus (Arizona Buttercup) · R. arvensis (Corn Buttercup) · R. asiaticus (Persian Buttercup) · R. auricomus (Goldilocks) · R. auricomus var. auricomus (Greenland Buttercup) · R. auricomus var. glabratus (Greenland Buttercup) · R. austrooreganus (Southern Oregon Buttercup) · R. baudotii (Brackish Water-Crowfoot) · R. bonariensis (Carter's Buttercup) · R. bonariensis var. trisepalus (Carter's Buttercup) · R. bulbosus (Blister Flower) · R. bulbosus bulbosus (St. Anthony's Turnip) · R. calandrinioides (High Alpine Buttercup) · R. californicus (California Buttercup) · R. californicus var. californicus (California Buttercup) · R. canus (Sacramento Valley Buttercup) · R. canus var. canus (Sacramento Valley Buttercup) · R. cardiophyllus (Heart-Leaf Buttercup) · R. coloradensis (Colorado Buttercup) · R. cordiger (Wingleaf Buttercup) · R. cortusifolius (Ranunculus Cortusifolius) · R. cymbalaria (Alkali Buttercup) · R. cymbalaria var. cymbalaria (Alkali Buttercup) · R. eastwoodianus (Eastwood's Buttercup) · R. eschscholtzii (Eschscholtz's Buttercup) · R. eschscholtzii var. eschscholitzii (Eschscholtz's Buttercup) · R. eschscholtzii var. hultenianus (Hulten's Buttercup) · R. eschscholtzii var. oxynotus (Eschscholtz's Buttercup) · R. eschscholtzii var. trisectus (Threesection Buttercup) · R. eximius (Tundra Buttercup) · R. fascicularis (Early Buttercup) · R. ficaria (Celandine) · R. ficaria ficaria var. ficaria (Lesser Celandine) · R. ficaria var. aurantiacus (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria var. bulbifera (Fig Buttercup) · R. ficaria var. ficaria (Fig Buttercup) · R. ficaria 'Brambling' (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Brazen Hussy' (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Coppernob' (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Double Mud' (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Flore Pleno' (Double Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Ragamuffin' (Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Salmon's White' (Salmon's White Lesser Celendine) · R. ficaria 'Tortoiseshell' (Lesser Celendine) · R. flabellaris (Greater Yellow Water Buttercup) · R. flammula (Greater Creeping Spearwort) · R. flammula var. angustifolius (Greater Creeping Spearwort) · R. flammula var. filiformis (Greater Creeping Spearwort) · R. flammula var. flammula (Greater Creeping Spearwort) · R. flammula var. varians (Lesser Spearwort) · R. fluitans (River Water-Crowfoot) · R. glaberrimus (Sagebrush Buttercup) · R. glaberrimus var. ellipticus (Elliptical Buttercup) · R. glaberrimus var. glaberrimus (Sagebrush Buttercup) · R. glacialis (Glacier Buttercup) · R. glacialis chamissonis var. chamissonis (Glacier Buttercup) · R. glacialis var. chamissonis (Glacier Buttercup) · R. glacialis var. chamissonus (Glacier Buttercup) · R. glacialis var. glacialis (Glacier Buttercup) · R. gmelini (Lesser Yellow Water Buttercup) · R. gmelinii (Buttercup) · R. gmelinii var. gmelinii (Gmelin's Buttercup) · R. gmelini gmelini (Lesser Yellow Water Buttercup) · R. gormanii (Gorman's Buttercup) · R. harveyi (Harvey Buttercup) · R. hawaiensis (Buttercup) · R. hebecarpus (Delicate Buttercup) · R. hederaceus (Ivy Buttercup) · R. heimburgerae (Heimburger's Buttercup) · R. hexasepalus (Queen Charlotte Island Buttercup) · R. hispidus (Bristly Buttercup)
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Further Reading
- 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 483.
- A catalogue of plants cultivated in the garden of John Gerard, in the years 1596-1599 /edited with notes, references to Gerard's Herball, the addition of modern names, and a life of the author, by Benjamin Daydon Jackson. 1876 London: Privately printed, 1876 url p. 48.
- A compendium of the Cybele britannica; or British plants in their geographical relations. London, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1870. url .
- A contribution to the flora of Derbyshire being an account of the flowering plants, ferns, and Characeae found in the county / by W.H. Painter. London: George Bell, 1889. url p. 14.
- A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 114.
- A flora of the English Lake District. London, G. Bell, 1885. url , p. 20.
- A guide to the wild flowers by Alice Lounsberry; with sixty four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by N.L. Britton. Toronto: W. Briggs, c1899. url .
- A guide to the wild flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. With sixty-four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Mrs. Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by Dr. N.L. Britton... New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[1899] url , p. 403.
- A history of the game birds, wild-fowl and shore birds of Massachusetts and adjacent states: including those used for food which have disappeared since the settlement of the country, and those which are now hunted for food or sport, with observations on their former abundance and recent decre Boston: Wright & Potter printing company, state printers, 1912. url p. 586.
- A history of the vegetable kingdom: embracing the whole physiology of plants with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. LondonBlackie1866 url p. 139.
- A manual of botany, including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, J & A. Churchill, 1887. url p. 210.
- A manual of botany. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1897-1902. url .
- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , , , .
- A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url fig. 230-231 , figs. 233-234 , p. 457, p. 459, p. 876.
- A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 352.
- A manual of the medical botany of North America by Laurence Johnson. New York: W. Wood, 1884. url p. 62.
- A manual of weeds, with descriptions of all the most pernicious and troublesome plants in the United States and Canada, their habits of growth and distribution, with methods of control, by Ada E. Georgia. .. with 385 illustrations by F. Schuyler Mathews. .. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916, c1914. url p. 158, p. 563.
- A monograph of the British Uredineae and Ustilagineae, with an account of their biology including the methods of observing the germination of their spores and of their experimental culture. London, Paul, Trench & Co., 1889. url , , , , .
- A monograph of the British Uredine and Ustilagine, with an account of their biology including the methods of observing the germination of their spores and of their experimental culture. By Charles B. Plowright. London, K. Paul, Trench, 1889. url p. 15, p. 336.
- A monograph of the British phytophagous Hymenoptera. .. By Peter Cameron. London, Printed for the Ray Society, 1882-93. url p. 274, p. 32, p. 46.
- A natural history of the British butterflies; their world-wide variation and geographical distribution. A text-book for students and collectors. London: E. Stock, [19--?] url p. 143.
- A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood. With sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from darwings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url p. 3.
- A new British flora; British wild flowers in their natural haunts, described by A. R. Horwood, with 64 plates in col. representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illus. from photo. London, Gresham Pub. Co., 1919. url p. 3.
- A new London flora; or, Handbook to the botanical localities of the metropolitan districts. Compiled from the latest authorities, and from personal observations. London, Hardwick and Bogue, 1877. url p. 108, p. 115, p. 56.
- A practical flora for schools and colleges, by Oliver R. Willis. New York, American Book Co.[c1894] url p. 34, p. 38.
- A preliminary list of the vascular flora of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania / by John A. Shaffer. Pittsburgh?: Carnegie Institute Museum?, 1901? url p. 17.
- A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W. G. Farlow and A. B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. url p. 2.
- A spring flora for high schools, New York, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1915] url .
- A spring flora for high schools, by Henry C. Cowles. .. and John G. Coulter. .. New York, American book company[c1915] url p. 18.
- Abstract of proceedings of the South London Entomological & Natural History Society. London [Eng.]: South London Entomological and Natural History Society, [1885-1896] url p. 83.
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- Age and area; a study in geographical distribution and origin of species, by J. C. Willis, with chapters by Hugo de Vries, H. B. Guppy, Mrs. E. M. Reid, James Small. Cambridge [Eng.]The University Press, 1922. url p. 14.
- Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. New York, H. Holt, 1910. url , , .
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- American medicinal plants; an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry and physiological effects. By Charles F. Millspaugh. 1887 New York, Boericke & Tafel, c1887. url page 5- 1, page 6- 1, p. 59.
- American medicinal plants;: an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry, and physiological effects. / By Charles F. Millspaugh, . ..; Illustrated by the author. New York; Boericke & Tafel., c1887. url , , .
- An account of British flies (Diptera). By Fred. V. Theobald. London: E. Stock, 1892. url p. 72.
- An account of the flowering plants, ferns and allies of Harleston. With a sketch of the geology, climate, and natural characteristics of the neighbourhood. Compiled and edited by Francis William Galpin. To which are added Observations on the birds of the district, by Charles Candler. London, Bartlett, 1888. url p. 46.
- An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 1238.
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- An illustrated guide to the flowering plants of the middle Atlantic and New England states (excepting the grasses and sedges) the descriptive text written in familiar language, by George T. Stevens. .. with more than 1800 illustrations from drawings by the author. New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1910. url p. 259.
- An introduction to entomology: or, Elements of the natural history of insects. .. / by William Kirby and William Spence. London: Longmans, Green, 1865. url p. 256.
- An introduction to the chemistry of plant products by Paul Haas and T. G. Hill. London, Longmans, Green, 1928-1929. url p. 402, p. 527.
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- Botany of the living plant, by F. O. Bower. London, Macmillan and Co., limited, 1919. url p. 165, p. 165.
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- British wild flowers: familiarly described in the four seasons for the use of beginners and amateurs / by Thomas Moore. London, Reeve, 1867. url p. 43.
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- Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1907 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 164, p. 80.
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- C.E. Hobbs' Botanical hand-book: of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use: their properties, productions and uses in an abb Boston: Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url .
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:
- GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18594
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712369-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 30817
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18594
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RABUV
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 58116
Footnotes
- Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orblia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Alan T. Whittemore "Ranunculus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 126.490 meters (414.993 feet), Standard Deviation = 140.760 based on 19,127 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
