Ranunculus repens (Creeping Buttercup)

Overview

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Creeping buttercup. <em>Ranunculus repens</em>

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Creeping Buttercup, Popcorn Plant

Common Names in French:

Renoncule Rampante

Common Names in Portuguese:

Portuguese

Description

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Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Ranunculus

Herbs, annual or perennial , from tuberous roots , caudices, rhizomes, stolons, or bulbous stem bases . Leaves basal, cauline, or both, simple , variously lobed or parted , or compound , all petiolate or distal leaves sessile; cauline leaves alternate (rarely a distal pair opposite in Ranunculus sect. Flammula ) . Leaf blade reniform to linear , margins entire, crenate , or toothed . Inflorescences terminal or axillary , 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals sometimes persistent in fruit, 3-5(-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R . ficaria ), oblong to elliptic , ovate , or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals 0-22(-150), distinct , yellow, rarely white, red, or green, plane, linear to orbiculate, 1-26 mm; nectary present, usually covered by scale; stamens (5-) 10-many; filaments filiform ; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 4-250, simple; ovule 1 per ovary; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, rarely utricles, aggregate, sessile, discoid , lenticular , globose , obovoid , or cylindric , sides sometimes veined; beak present or absent, terminal, straight or curved , 0-4.5 mm. x = 7, 8.

Species about 300: worldwide except lowland tropics.

Most Ranunculus species are poisonous to stock; when abundant, they may be troublesome to ranchers. A few species with acrid juice were formerly used as vesicatories. The genus is badly in need of biosystematic work. Apomixis and interspecific hybridization occur in several Old World groups of buttercups; some of the taxonomic complexity of the New World species probably results from these processes.

Considerable disagreement exists among authors on the proper generic and infrageneric classification of Ranunculus . Most of the subgenera accepted here have been treated as separate genera at one time or another. All recent studies have been based on local or continental floras , however, and classifications proposed for one region may not work for the plants of other regions. Like most North American workers, I have followed the generic and infrageneric classification of L. D. Benson (1948), who gave by far the most thorough and best documented study of the problem. The genus and its subdivisions should be studied on a worldwide basis.[2]

Physical Description

Species Ranunculus repens

Stems decumbent or creeping , rooting nodally, hispid to strigose or almost glabrous , base not bulbous. Roots never tuberous . Basal leaf blades ovate to reniform in outline, 3-foliolate, 1-8.5 × 1.5-10 cm, leaflets lobed , parted , or parted and again lobed, ultimate segments obovate to elliptic or sometimes narrowly oblong , margins toothed , apex obtuse to acuminate. Flowers: receptacle hispid or rarely glabrous; sepals spreading or reflexed from base, 4-7(-10) × 1.5-3(-4) mm, hispid or sometimes glabrous; petals 5(-150), yellow, 6-18 × 5-12 mm. Heads of achenes globose or ovoid , 5-10 × 5-8 mm; achenes 2.6-3.2 × 2-2.8 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent , lanceolate to lance-filiform, curved , 0.8-1.2 mm. 2 n = 14, 32. [source]

Ranunculus repens is widely naturalized in many parts of the world. Plants with sparse pubescence have been called R. repens var. glabratus. Horticultural forms with the outer stamens transformed into numerous extra petals occasionally become established and have been called R. repens var. pleniflorus. These variants have no taxonomic significance. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: January, March, April, May, June, July, August. • Flower Color: yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 6-12" tall.

Habitat

Meadows, borders of marshes, lawns, roadsides; 0-2500 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,500 meters (0 to 8,202 feet).[4]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Ranunculidae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Superorder: Ranunculanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Ranunculales () - Dumortier, 1829
        Family: Ranunculaceae () - Adans., 1763, nom. cons. - boutons d'or, buttercups
        Subfamily: Ranunculoideae ()
        Tribe: Ranunculeae ()
        Genus: Ranunculus () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Buttercup, crowfoot, renoncule [Latin rana, frog, unculus, little, allusion to the wet habitats in which some species grow]
        Specific epithet: repens - L.
        Botanical name: - Ranunculus repens L.

Synonyms

R. repens var. glabratus de Candolle • R. repens var. linearilobus de Candolle • R. repens var. pleniflorus Fernald • R. repens var. villosus Lamotte • Ranunculus repens var. degeneratus Schur • Ranunculus repens var. erectus Dc. • Ranunculus repens var. erectus de Candolle • Ranunculus repens var. glabratus Dc. • Ranunculus repens var. linearilobus Dc. • Ranunculus repens var. pleniflorus Fern. • Ranunculus repens var. typicus G. Beck • Ranunculus repens var. villosus Lamotte

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Ranunculus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 202 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:

GBIF-Spain, Departamento de Biolog. Veg. II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid: MAF
Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
UK National Biodiversity Network, Scottish Borders Biological Records Centre - SWT Scottish Borders Local Wildlife Site Survey data 1996-2000 - species information

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645468
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18642
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4395043
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:713678-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 30841
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18642
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: RAREV
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 59649

Footnotes

Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Alan T. Whittemore "Ranunculus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Ranunculus repens". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 175.480 meters (575.722 feet), Standard Deviation = 195.250 based on 20,000 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Ranunculus repens

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Genus Ranunculus

Physical Description

Species Ranunculus repens

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ranunculus

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes