Pyracantha angustifolia

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Pyracantha

Shrubs or small trees , evergreen , usually with thorny branches; buds small, pubescent . Leaves simple , alternate or fascicled, shortly petiolate or sessile, venation camptodromous , margin crenulate , serrulate , or entire; stipules caducous , minute. Inflorescences compound corymbs; hypanthium short. Sepals 5. Petals 5, spreading , white, usually suborbicular , base shortly clawed. Stamens 15-20; anthers yellow. Carpels 5; basally ca. 1/2 adnate to hypanthium, apically free ; ovary 5-loculed, semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, free. Pome red or orange, globose , with persistent incurved sepals at apex; pyrenes (nutlets ) 5.

About ten species: E Asia to SE Europe; seven species (five endemic) in China.

Further study is necessary to determine the placement of Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roemer (Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 220. 1847; Mespilus crenulata D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 238. 1825), reportedly present in SE Xizang, and the recently described species P. heterophylla T. B . Chao & Zhi X . Chen (Bull . Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 302. 1997) and P. stoloniformis T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen (loc. cit. : 301).[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Thickets on slopes , at roadsides; 1600--3000 m. [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,028 meters (0 to 13,215 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cotoneaster angustifolius Franchet • Psychotria hathewayi var. brevipetiolata Fosberg • Psychotria waianensis Fosberg

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pyracantha

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 42 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. angustifolia (Firethorn) · P. angustifolia 'Gnome' (Firethorn) · P. angustifolia 'Monon' (Yukon Belle® Pyracantha) · P. atalantoides (Gibbs Firethorn) · P. coccinea (Firethorn) · P. coccinea 'Gnozam' (Gnome® Pyracantha) · P. coccinea 'Harlequin' (Variegated Scarlet Firethorn) · P. coccinea 'Kasan' (Kasan Pyracantha) · P. coccinea 'Lalandei' (Firethorn) · P. coccinea 'Lowboy' (Lowboy Pyracantha) · P. crenato-serrata (Firethorn) · P. crenulata (Nepal Firethorn) · P. fortuneana (Chinese Firethorn) · P. fortuneana 'Graberi' (Graber's Pyracantha) · P. koidzumii (Formosa Firethorn) · P. koidzumii 'Santa Cruz' (Formosa Firethorn) · P. koidzumii 'Victory' (Victory Pyracantha) · P. rogersiana (Rogers Firethorn) · P. x 'Mohave' (Mohave Pyracantha) · P. x 'Monelf' (Red Elf Pyracantha) · P. 'Apache' (Firethorn) · P. 'Dart's Red' (Firethorn) · P. 'Fiery Cascade' (Firethorn) · P. 'Golden Charmer' (Firethorn) · P. 'Golden Dome' (Firethorn) · P. 'Gold Rush' (Firethorn) · P. 'Mohave' (Firethorn) · P. 'Mojave' (Mojave Pyracantha) · P. 'Navaho' (Firethorn) · P. 'Orange Charmer' (Firethorn) · P. 'Orange Glow' (Firethorn) · P. 'Red Column' (Firethorn) · P. 'Red Elf' (Firethorn) · P. 'Sappho Orange' (Firethorn) · P. 'Sappho Red' (Firethorn) · P. 'Sappho Yellow' (Firethorn) · P. 'Shawnee' (Firethorn) · P. 'Soleil D'or' (Soleil D'or Firethorn) · P. 'Sparkler' (Firethorn) · P. 'Teton' (Firethorn) · P. 'Tiny Tim' (Firethorn) · P. 'X watereri' (Firethorn)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Aristocrats of the garden, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company, 1917. url , .
• Aristocrats of the garden, by Ernest H. Wilson. .. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company[c1917] url p. 160, p. 160, p. 308.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1918 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 20, p. 20, p. 24, p. 26, p. 28, p. 354, p. 411.
• Carotenoids, by Paul Karrer and Ernst Jucker. Translated and rev. by Ernest A. Braude. New York, Elsevier Pub. Co., 1950. url p. 164, p. 372.
• Carotenoids, their comparative biochemistry. New York, Chemical Pub. Co., 1954. url p. 24, p. 30, p. 39.
• Climbing plants, by William Watson; with introduction by W. Robinson. London [etc.]: T.C. & E.C. Jack, [1915] url p. 130, p. 130, p. 23, p. 23.
• Diseases of flowers and other ornamentals / Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, 1940. url .
• Flora Malesiana. general editor, C.G.G.J. van Steenis. Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff, 1950- url p. 316.
• Gardening for amateurs; a simple, complete, and practical guide for garden lovers, edited by H. H. Thomas. Illustrated by twenty-four coloured plates and many hundreds of photographs and sketches. New York: Funk and Wagnalls company, [1915] url p. 1127.
• Hortus Mortolensis: enumeratio plantarum in Horto Mortolensi cultarum = Alphabetical catalogue of plants growing in the garden of the late Sir Thomas Hanbury. .. at La Mortola, Ventimiglia, Italy / compiled by Alwin Berger. London: West, Newman, 1912. url p. 92.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 165, p. 18, p. 183.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 35 1934 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 301.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 266, p. 57, p. 91.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 241, p. 246, p. 249, p. 250, p. 251.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 152.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , , p. 110, p. 129, p. 288, p. 411, p. 432, p. 566, p. 570, p. 613, p. 615, p. 81, p. 96.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , p. 101, p. 115, p. 119, p. 128, p. 218, p. 240, p. 325, p. 352, p. 366.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 40 1980 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 402.
• The cultivated evergreens; a handbook of the coniferous and most important broad-leaved evergreens planted for ornament in the United States and Canada, edited by L. H. Bailey. London, Macmillan & co., ltd., 1923. url p. 384, p. 404.
• The identification of trees & shrubs; how to recognize, without previous knowledge of botany, wild or garden trees and shrubs native to the north temperate zone, with 2, 500 diagrams made by the author. New York, Dutton[1937] url p. 64.
• The lipids, their chemistry and biochemistry. New York, Interscience Publishers, 1951-57. url p. 532, p. 540, p. 541, p. 546, p. 664, p. 903, p. 999.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2703, p. 867.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 11, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 17, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 22 providers.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• "Pyracantha". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 110. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain, Universitat de Girona: HGI-Cormophyta
• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650357
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-6005
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13688115
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:89195-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 30395
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25292
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PYAN
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 56612

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Pyracantha". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 108. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Pyracantha". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 110. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 1,583.460 meters (5,195.079 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,542.900 based on 63 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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