Pulsatilla patens

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Pulsatilla

Herbs perennial , often covered with long soft hairs . Rhizome erect . Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole long; leaf blade palmately or odd pinnately divided ; veins palmate. Scape with 3 bracts forming a bell-shaped involucre; involucral bracts basally connate and apically ± deeply divided into numerous lobes . Flower solitary, bisexual . Sepals 5 or 6. Petals absent. Stamens numerous, outermost whorl staminodial except in Pulsatilla kostyczewii; anthers yellow or purple, oblong , narrowly ellipsoid , filiform , or linear , with one longitudinal vein . Pistils numerous; ovule 1 per ovary. Styles long linear, pilose , strongly elongated and plumose when mature . Infructescence globose . Achenes small, spindle-shaped , pilose, with a long plumose beak formed by persistent style.

About 33 species: Asia, Europe, North America; 11 species (one endemic) in China.

Although Pulsatilla can easily be distinguished from Anemone by the former having a long, plumose beak on the achenes formed by the persistent style, phylogenetic studies have shown that they are probably congeneric .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Grassy slopes , mountain slopes under forests ; ca. 1100 m [3].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[4]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pulsatilla

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. albana 'Lutea' (Albania Pasque-Flower) · P. bungeana (Pasque Flower) · P. grandis (Greater Pasque Flower) · P. halleri (Hallers Pasque-Flower) · P. occidentalis (Western Pasque Flower) · P. patens (American Pasque Flower) · P. patens multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens patens (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens subsp. multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. slavica (Slovak Pasque Flower) · P. subslavica (Intermediate Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris (European Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris Mill. 'Rubra' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Alba' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Blaue Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Heiler Hybrids' (Heiler Hybrids Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Papageno' (Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Perlen Glocke' (Windflower 'perlen Glocke') · P. vulgaris 'Rode Klokke' (Rode Klokke Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Rote Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Watermelon Pink' (Pasque Flower)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• American medicinal plants; an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry and physiological effects. By Charles F. Millspaugh. 1887 New York, Boericke & Tafel, c1887. url page 1- 1.
• American medicinal plants;: an illustrated and descriptive guide to the American plants used as homopathic remedies: their history, preparation, chemistry, and physiological effects. / By Charles F. Millspaugh, . ..; Illustrated by the author. New York; Boericke & Tafel., c1887. url .
• An annotated catalogue of types of the University of Illinois mycological collections (ILL) / Urbana: University of Illinois Press, c1997. url p. 57.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 102, p. 102.
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. New York, New York Academy of Sciences. url p. 217.
• Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1897- url , p. 49, p. 674, p. 80.
• Bibliographical index to North American botany; or, Citations of authorities for all the recorded indigenous and naturalized species of the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the synonymy. by Sereno Watson. Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1878. url p. 5.
• Biological survey of a prairie landscape in Montana's glaciated plains: final report / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program: 2001. url .
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• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 366.
• Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the State University of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: The University, 1888-[1918]. url p. 116.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 22 1895 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url .
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• Catalogue of Canadian plants. .. Montreal [etc.]1883-1902. url p. 12.
• Checklists for the CORINE Biotopes Programme and its application in the PHARE countries of Central and East Europe: including comparisons with relevant conventions and agreements on the conservation of European species and habitats EC url p. 118, p. 6.
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• Cryptogamic plants of the USSR. (Flora sporovykh rastenii SSSR) Translated from Russian. Jerusalem[Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 19 - url p. 389.
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• Don, G. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system /by George Don. 1 1831 London: J.G. and F. Rivington, 1831-1838. url p. 15.
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• Gray's Lessons in botany and vegetable physiology: illustrated by over 360 wood engravings from original drawings by Isaac Sprague: to which is added a copious glossary, or dictionary of botanical terms / by Asa Gray. New York: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., 1877, c1868. url p. 36.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 883.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 01, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Institute of Nature Conservation PAS, National System of Proetcted Areas
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645598
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18800
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729723
• GRIN Nomen Number: 30367
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18799
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PUPA5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 58798

Footnotes

1. Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Wang Wencai, Bruce Bartholomew "Pulsatilla". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Pulsatilla patens". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 331. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Mean = 908.530 meters (2,980.741 feet), Standard Deviation = 817.350 based on 540 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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