Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
American Pasqueflower, Eastern Pasqueflower, Pasqueflower
Description
Family Ranunculaceae
Herbs perennial
or annual
, sometimes subshrubs
or herbaceous or woody vines
. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled
, simple
or variously compound
, palmately nerved, rarely penninerved
, with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual
, sometimes unisexual
, actinomorphic
, rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free
, petaloid
or sepaloid
, imbricate or sometimes valvate
in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous
, rarely few, free; filaments
linear
or filiform
; anthers
latrorse
, introrse
, or extrorse
; sometimes some sterile
stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate
to various degrees
; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries
. Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.
About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions
, particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.[1]
Genus Pulsatilla
Herbs perennial
, often covered with long soft hairs
. Rhizome erect
. Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole
long; leaf blade
palmately or odd pinnately divided
; veins palmate. Scape with 3 bracts forming a bell-shaped
involucre; involucral bracts
basally connate
and apically ± deeply divided into numerous
lobes
. Flower solitary, bisexual
. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals absent. Stamens numerous, outermost whorl staminodial except in Pulsatilla kostyczewii; anthers
yellow or purple, oblong
, narrowly ellipsoid
, filiform
, or linear
, with one longitudinal
vein
. Pistils numerous; ovule 1 per ovary. Styles long linear, pilose
, strongly elongated and plumose
when mature
. Infructescence
globose
. Achenes small, spindle-shaped
, pilose, with a long plumose beak formed by persistent
style.
About 33 species: Asia, Europe, North America; 11 species (one endemic) in China.
Although Pulsatilla can easily be distinguished from Anemone by the former having a long, plumose beak on the achenes formed by the persistent style, phylogenetic
studies have shown that they are probably congeneric
.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Ranunculales
()
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
()
- Adans., 1763, nom. cons.
- boutons d'or, buttercups
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
()
- Tribe:
Anemoneae
()
- Genus:
Pulsatilla
()
- P. Miller, 1754
- Pasqueflower
- Specific epithet:
patens
- (L.) P. Mill.
- Subspecies:
patens
- Botanical name: - Pulsatilla patens patens (L.) P. Mill.
- Subspecies:
patens
- Specific epithet:
patens
- (L.) P. Mill.
- Genus:
Pulsatilla
(
- Tribe:
Anemoneae
(
- Subfamily:
Ranunculoideae
(
- Family:
Ranunculaceae
(
- Order:
Ranunculales
(
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
- Subclass:
Ranunculidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Mill.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: October 17,
2001.
Place of publication
: Acta Horti Bot. Univ. Latv. 1:98. 1926
Name verified on 18-Feb-1998 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last
updated: 11-Feb-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Pulsatilla
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 21 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
P. albana 'Lutea' (Albania Pasque-Flower) · P. bungeana (Pasque Flower) · P. grandis (Greater Pasque Flower) · P. halleri (Hallers Pasque-Flower) · P. occidentalis (Western Pasque Flower) · P. patens (American Pasque Flower) · P. patens multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens patens (American Pasqueflower) · P. patens subsp. multifida (American Pasqueflower) · P. slavica (Slovak Pasque Flower) · P. subslavica (Intermediate Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris (European Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris Mill. 'Rubra' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Alba' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Blaue Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Heiler Hybrids' (Heiler Hybrids Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Papageno' (Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Perlen Glocke' (Windflower 'perlen Glocke') · P. vulgaris 'Rode Klokke' (Rode Klokke Pasqueflower) · P. vulgaris 'Rote Glocke' (Pasque Flower) · P. vulgaris 'Watermelon Pink' (Pasque Flower)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China) [= P. patens var. multifida (Pritz.) S. H. Li & Y. H. Huang].
- Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW) [= Anemone patens L.].
- Kitagawa, M. 1979. Neo-lineamenta florae Manshuricae. (F Manshur) [= P. patens var. multifida (Pritz.) Kitag.].
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR) [= P. multifida (Pritz.) Juz.].
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1993. Flora europaea, second edition. (F Eur ed2) [accepts].
- Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986–. European garden flora. (Eur Gard F) [accepts].
- Welsh, S. L. et al. 1993. A Utah flora. (F Utah ed2)
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby FA, Roskov YR, Orrell TM, Nicolson D, Paglinawan LE, Bailly N, Kirk PM, Bourgoin T, van Hertum J, eds (2008). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist Taxonomic Classification. CD-ROM; Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 05, 2008)
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645598
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18800
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13900068
- GRIN Nomen Number: 404167
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 409303
Footnotes
- Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Wang Wencai, Bruce Bartholomew "Pulsatilla". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
