Common Names
Common Names in English:
Vahl's Alkaligrass
Description
Family Poaceae
Annual
or perennial
herbs, or tall woody bamboos
. Flowering stems (culms
) jointed
, internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath
and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks
, differentiated into sheath, blade
, and an adaxial
erect
appendage
at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base
or infrequently tubular
with partially or completely fused margins
, modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled
and filiform
to ovate
, veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets
(especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line
of hairs
. Inflorescence terminal
or axillary
, an open, contracted
, or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax
to spikelike racemes
arranged along an elongate
central axis, or digitate, paired
, or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles
(specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound
panicle; spikelets
often aggregated into complex
clusters
in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes
) empty, subtending
1 to many florets
; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping
the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle
(awn
), glumes also sometimes awned
. Flowers bisexual
or unisexual
; lodicules (small scales
representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline
or fleshy
; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments
capillary
, anthers
versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles
(1 or) 2(rarely 3), free
or united
at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent
to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum
punctate
to linear
.
About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Puccinellia
Perennial
herbs, tufted
. Culms
erect
. Leaf sheaths
spread
along culms or clustered at base
, glabrous
; leaf blades
linear
, often convolute or conduplicate
, scabrid
or smooth
; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a spreading
or contracted
panicle. Spikelets
slightly compressed
or cylindrical, disarticulating
above glumes
and between florets
; florets 2-8, imbricate; glumes lanceolate to broadly ovate
, unequal, shorter than first floret, papery
, apex often scarious
, obtuse
or acuminate; lower glume small, 1(-3) -veined, upper glume 3-veined; lemmas oblong
, lanceolate or ovate, papery, 5-veined, back rounded
or slightly keeled
, glabrous or pubescent
on lower veins, intervein spaces, and base, apex obtuse or slightly acuminate, membranous, ciliate
or irregularly finely toothed
; palea as long as or slightly shorter than lemma; lodicules 2, often 2-lobed; stamens 3, small. Caryopsis small, narrowly ellipsoid
, not sulcate
, free
from palea and lemma. x = 7.
About 200 species: temperate
and arctic
regions of both hemispheres, usually along shores
of saline lakes
, also on mountains in the tropics; 50 species (14 endemic) in China.Liang Liu, Guanghua Zhu & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Puccinellia". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 225, 245, 287, 315. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habit: Graminoid
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
)
- Scopoli, 1760
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Poanae
(
)
- (Small, 1903) Takhtajan, 1997 Ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
- Order:
Poales
(
)
- Small, 1903
- Family:
Poaceae
(
)
- (R. Brown) Barnhart, 1895
- Grass Family
- Subfamily:
Pooideae
(
)
- Tribe:
Poeae
(
)
- Genus:
Puccinellia
(
)
- Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 366. 1848.
- Alkaligrass
- Specific epithet:
vahliana
- (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr.
- Botanical name: - Puccinellia vahliana (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr.
- Specific epithet:
vahliana
- (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr.
- Genus:
Puccinellia
(
- Tribe:
Poeae
(
- Subfamily:
Pooideae
(
- Family:
Poaceae
(
- Order:
Poales
(
- Superorder:
Poanae
(
- Subclass:
Commelinidae
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Atropis vahliana (Liebm.) K. Richt.
- Colpodium vahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski
- Glyceria vahliana (Liebm.) Th. Fr.
- Phippsia vahliana (Liebm.) A.& D. Lve
- Phippsia vahliana (Liebm.) Á. Löve & D. Löve
- Poa vahliana Liebm.
- Puccinellia vahliana (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr.
- Puccinellia vahliana (Liebm.) Tolm.
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13:78. 1910
Name verified on 27-May-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 21-Apr-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Puccinellia
There are approximately 282 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. acroxantha · P. adpressa · P. agrostidea (Bent Alkaligrass) · P. agrostoidea · P. akbaitalensis · P. altaica · P. alticola · P. ambigua (Alberta Alkaligrass) · P. americana (American Alkaligrass) · P. andersoni · P. andersonii (Anderson's Alkaligrass) · P. anderssonii · P. angusta · P. angustata (Narrow Alkaligrass) · P. angustata palibinii · P. angustata var. decumbens · P. angustata var. vaginata · P. anisoclada · P. anisoclada melderisiana · P. antarctica · P. antipoda · P. arctica (Arctic Alkaligrass) · P. argentinensis · P. arjinshanensis · P. asiatica · P. asperifolia · P. atacamensis · P. atrostoidea · P. baltica · P. battandieri · P. beckii · P. biflora · P. bilykiana · P. blomii · P. brachylepis · P. bruggemanni · P. bruggemannii (Prince Patrick Alkaligrass) · P. bulbosa · P. bulbosa caesarea · P. byrrangensis · P. caespitosa · P. california · P. canbyi · P. capillaris · P. capillaris pulvinata · P. carinata · P. chathamica · P. chilochloa · P. chinampoensis · P. choresmica · P. ciliata · P. colpodioides · P. conferta · P. convoluta · P. coreensis · P. degeensis · P. deschampsioides (Polar Alkali Grass) · P. diffusa · P. distans (European Alkaligrass) · P. distans borealis (Weeping Alkaligrass) · P. distans distans (Weeping Alkaligrass) · P. distans f. ambigua · P. distans f. montana · P. distans f. tenuis · P. distans glauca · P. distans limosa · P. distans sevangensis · P. distans x · P. dolicholepis · P. dolicholepis aksaica · P. dolicholepis fominii · P. dusenii · P. elata · P. embergeri · P. expansa · P. fasciculata (Saltmarsh Alkaligrass) · P. fasciculata pseudodistans · P. fasciculata pungens (Saltmarsh Alkaligrass) · P. fasciculata var. pseudodistans · P. fauriei · P. fendlerana · P. fendleriana · P. ferndalii · P. festucaeformis · P. festuciformis · P. festuciformis intermedia · P. festuciformis lagascana · P. festuciformis tenuifolia · P. filifolia · P. filiformia · P. filiformis · P. finmarchica · P. flahaultii · P. florida · P. fominii · P. fontqueri · P. foucaudi · P. fragiliflora · P. frigida · P. gigantea
Bibliography
- Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory. (F Yukon) [= Colpodium vahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski].
- Porsild, A. E. & W. J. Cody. 1980. Vascular plants of continental Northwest Territories, Canada. (F NW Terr) [= Colpodium vahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski].
- Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:600.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
- Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. (Grass USSR)
- Welsh, S. L. 1974. Anderson's flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. (F AlaskaAnd) [= Colpodium vahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski].
- Chen Shouliang, Jin Yuexing, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Liu Liang, Wu Zhenlan, Lu Shenglian, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao, Wang Song, Sun Xiangzhong, Wang Huiqin, Yang Xilin, Wang Chaopin, Li Binggui & Wen Shaobin. 1990. Gramineae (Poaceae) (4). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1):1401
- Chen Shouliang, Zhuang Tide, Fang Wenzhe, Sheng Guoying, Jin Yuexing, Liu Liang, Sun Bisin, Hu Zhihao & Wang Song. 1997. Gramineae (Poaceae) (5). In: Chen Shouliang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 1301
- Liu Liang, Zhu Taiping, Chen Wenli, Wu Zhenlan & Lu Shenglian. Gramineae (Poaceae) (2). In: Liu Liang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 1405
- Lu Sheng-lian, Sun Yong-hua, Liu Shang-wu, Yang Yong-chang, Wu Zhen-lan, Kuo Pen-chao, Yang Hsi-ling, Wang Chao-pin & Tsui Nai-ran. 1987. Gramineae (3). In: Kuo Pen-chao, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 1329
- Wang Zhengping, Ye Guanghan, Yang Yaling, Yu Zehua, Hu Chenhua, Geng Bojie, Feng Xuelin, Jia Liangzhi, Xia Nianhe, Li Dezhu, Zhang Weiping, Xue Jiru, Zhu Zhengde, Zhao Qiseng, Chen Shouliang, Sheng Guoying, Chen Shaoyun, Yao Changyu, Lu Jionglin, Sun Jiliang, Lin Wantao, Yi Tongpei, Zhao Huiru, Wen Taihui & Dai Qihui. 1996. Gramineae (Poaceae) (1).
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Canadian Museum of Nature: Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo: Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo (O)
- University of Alaska Museum of the North: University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium (ALA)
- US National Plant Germplasm System: United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661284
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41207
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 280506
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:419197-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 446558
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41207
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PUVA3
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 58782
