Pteris vittata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Pteridaceae

Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 sp: worldwide.

Considerable disagreement exists concerning the circumscription and proper name of this family . The taxa comprising the Pteridaceae in this treatment were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B . Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of Ceratopteris ) to that espoused by R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982), who applied the name Pteridaceae to the group. Until very recently, the newer name Adiantaceae was more commonly used.

As represented in North America, Pteridaceae comprise three major evolutionary lines (the adiantoids, the pteroids, and the cheilanthoids). Characteristics holding the family together include abaxial (usually submarginal ) sori that lack indusia or are protected by a reflexed or revolute leaf margin , spores that are usually globose-tetrahedral and trilete, and chromosome base numbers of 30 or 29 (rarely 27). The xeric-adapted members of the family (particularly the cheilanthoids) have undergone extensive parallel and convergent evolution, and they have frustrated attempts to produce a natural generic classification based on macromorphologic characteristics alone. Although some workers have aggregated species into a few large genera (e.g. , J. T. Mickel 1979b), most tend to recognize smaller segregate genera based on a combination of morphologic, chromosomal, and biochemical data. The latter approach seems to provide a more useful, evolutionarily informative classification and is the one adopted here. Aspidotis and Notholaena are maintained here as distinct from Cheilanthes, and three recently described genera ( Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma ) have been incorporated into the treatment. The reasons for these changes in generic circumscription are discussed under the individual genera.[1]

Genus Pteris

Plants terrestrial or on rock. Stems erect or creeping , branched; scales pale brown to black, concolored, elongate , margins entire. Leaves monomorphic , clustered or closely spaced, 1--20 dm. Petiole straw-colored, green, brownish red to purple black, longitudinally ridged , 2--3-grooved adaxially, scaly at base , glabrous or scaly distally, with 1 (less often 2 or more) vascular bundle. Blade oblong to lanceolate to deltate, 1--4-pinnate, herbaceous to leathery, abaxially and adaxially glabrous or sometimes pubescent or scaly, adaxially dull, not striate ; rachis straight. Ultimate segments of blade sessile to short-stalked, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5--8 mm wide; base truncate or narrowed to stalk , stalk when present green, not lustrous ; margins plane or reflexed to form false indusia. Veins in leaves conspicuous , free (except in sori) and forking well above base of segment, or highly anastomosing. False indusia pale, scarious , covering sori. Sporangia intramarginal , sori usually continuous except at pinna or segment apex and sinuses, paraphyses present. Spores brown, trilete, tetrahedral , rugate and/or tuberculate , usually with prominent equatorial flange . x = 29.

Species ca. 300 (5 species and 1 h: worldwide, warm and tropical regions .[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Roadsides and other disturbed habitats ; coastal plain ; 0--50 m (Ref. 103057).

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 36-48" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Pycnodoria vittata (Linnaeus) Small

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Pteris

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 42 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

P. altissima (Tall Brake) · P. arborea (Tree Brake) · P. argyraea (Silver Brake) · P. atropurpurea (Purple-Stem Cliff-Brake) · P. bahamensis (Bahama Brake) · P. biaurita (Thinleaf Brake) · P. cretica (Brake) · P. cretica var. albolineata (Albolineata Table Fern) · P. cretica var. americana (Cretan Brake) · P. cretica var. cretica (Cretan Brake) · P. cretica var. nervosa (Cretan Brake) · P. cretica 'Mayi' (Birds Foot Fern) · P. cretica 'Parkeri' (Birds Foot Fern) · P. deflexa (Thickleaf Brake) · P. delchampsii (Delchamps' Brake) · P. dentata (Toothed Brake) · P. denticulata (Toothed Brake) · P. ensiformis (Slender Brake) · P. ensiformis var. evergemiensis (Silver Lace Fern) · P. ensiformis 'Victoriae' (Victoria Brake Fern) · P. excelsa (Waimakanui) · P. grandifolia (Elephantleaf Brake) · P. hillebrandii (Hillebrand's Brake) · P. incisa (Batwing Fern) · P. irregularis (Zigzag Brake) · P. lendigera (Nit-Bearing Lip Fern) · P. lineata (Shoestring Fern) · P. longifolia (Long-Leaf Brake) · P. lydgatei (Lidgate's Brake) · P. multifida (Spider Brake) · P. mutilata (Asian Brake) · P. nipponica (Fern) · P. plumula (Striped Brake) · P. pungens (Sharp Brake) · P. quadriaurita 'Tricolor' (Pteris) · P. ternifolia (Trans-Pecos Cliffbrake) · P. thalictroides (Watersprite) · P. tremula (Australian Brake) · P. tripartita (Giant Brake) · P. vittata (Chinese Brake) · P. × delchampsii (Delchamps' Brake) · P. x hillebrandii (Hillebrand's Brake)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 146, p. 167, p. 177, p. 243, p. 246.
• Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. London: The Natural History Museum, c1993-2002. url p. 138, p. 42, p. 61, p. 66.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 46, p. 47, p. 66.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 30 1957 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 150, p. 267, p. 366, p. 370, p. 378.
• Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Robert G. Stolze; the genus Elaphoglossum by: John T. Mickel; the genus Thelypteris by: Alan R. Smith. 6 1981 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1981. url p. 452.
• Ferns: British and exotic... London, Groombridge and Sons, 1856-60. url , .
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 42.
• Flora of Koh Chang: contributions to the knowledge of the vegetation in the Gulf of Siam / Copenhagen: B. Luno, 1900-1916. url .
• General embryological information service. Utrecht, Hubrecht Laboratory. url p. 30, p. 31, p. 31.
• Grisebach, A. H. R. Flora of the British West Indian islands /by A.H.R. Grisebach. [1859]-18 London, L. Reeve, 1864. url p. 668.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url , p. 105, p. 106, p. 125, p. 127, p. 142, p. 160, p. 358.
• Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze Valley, China. Corvallis, Oregon State College[1958] url p. 35, p. 36.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 386, p. 45.
• Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: [The Society]1865-1905. url p. 107.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 227.
• Pteridophyta of Peru. Rolla M. Tryon, Robert G. Stolze. 22 1989 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1989. url p. 72, p. 81.
• Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Llanos /by E.D. Merrill. 1918 Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1918. url p. 47.
• Species filicum; being descriptions of the known ferns, particularly of such as exist in the author's herbarium, or are with sufficient accuracy described in works to which he has had access; accompanied with numerous by Sir William Jackson Hooker. London, W. Pamplin, 1846-64. url p. 201.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 245.
• The Philippine journal of science. 12 1917 Manila. url p. 193.
• The illustrated dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists. Ed. by George Nicholson. Assisted by Professor J. W. H. Trail and J. Garrett. London: L. U. Gill, [1884]-89. url p. 245.
• Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-allies of the United States & Canada. Washington.
• Mickel, J. T. 1979b. The fern genus Cheilanthes in the continental United States. Phytologia 41: 431--437.
• Pichi-Sermolli, R. E. G. 1977. Tentamen pteridophytorum genera in taxonomicum ordinem redigendi. Webbia 31: 313--512.
• Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns and Allied Plants, with Special Reference to Tropical America. New York, Heidelberg, and Berlin.
• Kramer, K. U. 1990. Pteris. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 1+ vol. Berlin etc. Vol. 1, pp. 250--252.
• Lakela, O. and R. W. Long. 1976. Ferns of Florida. Miami.
• Wagner, W. H. Jr. and C. E. Nauman. 1982. Pteris × delchampsii, a spontaneous fern hybrid from southern Florida. Amer. Fern J. 72: 97--102.
• Wunderlin, R. P. 1982. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central Florida. Tampa.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 15, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed July 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• "Pteris vittata". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• GBIF-Spain, Botánica, Universidad de León: LEB-Cormo
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, CUBA: Herbario de la Academia de Ciencias, La Habana, Cuba: HAC-Pteridophyta
• GBIF-Spain, CUBA:Herbario del Jardín Botánico Nacional, La Habana, Cuba: HAJB-Pteridophyta
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario de la Universidad de Sevilla, SEV
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2644802
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-17706
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:85145-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 401988
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 17706
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 17295980
• MoBot NameID: 26602473
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PPADI0L0K0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PTVI
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 58384

Footnotes

1. Michael D. Windham "Pteridaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Clifton E. Nauman "Pteris". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.