Overview
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Common Hop Tree, Common Hoptree, Hoptree, Shrub-Trefoil, Stinking Ash, Wafer Ash, Wafer-Ash, Water Ash
Description
Family Rutaceae
The Rutaceae are herbs, shrubs , and trees with glandular punctate , commonly strongly smelling herbage comprising about 150 genera and 1,500 species that are further characterized by the common occurrence of spines and winged petioles . The leaves are alternate or opposite, simple or palmately or pinnately compound , or sometimes heathlike or reduced to spines; stipules are absent. The flowers are often sweet-scented, nearly always bisexual , and are actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic. The calyx consists of 3-5 distinct or basally connate sepals and the corolla consists of 3-5 distinct or sometimes connate petals or rarely the petals are lacking. The androecium consists of distinct or sometimes connate stamens that are commonly obdiplostemonous , that is in two whorls with the outer whorl opposite the petals. However, sometimes there may be (1)3-4 whorls or rarely up to 60 stamens. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of commonly 2-5 or more, often incompletely connate carpels that may be united only basally or apically, either one or an equal number of styles , and a superior ovary with usually 2-5 or more locules, each bearing 1-several axile ovules. Generally, an intrastaminal nectary disk is situated between the stamens and the ovary. The fruit is variable. -- Gerald Carr.
Physical Description
ID Features: Buds are silky-hairy, not raised above the leaf scar. No true terminal bud. Alternate leaf arrangement. Trifoliate leaves. Leaf scars are U-shaped with unusually straight inner margins. Leaves pungent when bruised. Circular, winged samara fruit.
Habit: A small, deciduous tree or large shrub with a dense, rounded crown. Frequently multistemmed and suckering.
Flowers: Small, greenish-white flowers. Fragrant. Flowers borne in terminal corymbs, 2" to 3" in diameter. Blooms in early June. • Bloom Period: June. • Flower Color: pale green
Seeds: Fruit: Circular-winged samara. 1" in diameter. Green, changing to brownish. Persistent .
Foliage: Summer foliage: Alternate leaf arrangement . Pinnate, trifoliate , deciduous leaves. Leaves 2.5 to 5" long. With middle leaflet largest, possibly with short petiole . Ovate to elliptical leaflet shape. Margins entire or with minor serrations . Shiny, dark green leaf color. Pungent when bruised. • Fall foliage: Yellow-green fall color.
Size/Age/Growth
Growth Rate: Slow. • Size: 15' to 20' tall.
Landscaping
Landscape Uses: For naturalized areas. For fragrant flowers. Massing or grouping. • Liabilities: None serious. Leaf spot and rust is possible. Spider mites possible in dry sites.
Habitat
Hardy to zone 3.
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,793 meters (0 to 9,163 feet).Mean = 458.530 meters (1,504.364 feet), Standard Deviation = 549.970 based on 1,060 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Prefers well-drained soil. Full sun or shade. Moist soil.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Light Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Rutanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Rutales
()
- Perleb, 1826
- Suborder:
Rutineae
()
- Family:
Rutaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Rue Family
- Subfamily:
Toddalioideae
()
- Tribe:
Amygdaleae
()
- Genus:
Ptelea
()
- Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
trifoliata
- L.
- Botanical name: - Ptelea trifoliata L.
- Specific epithet:
trifoliata
- L.
- Genus:
Ptelea
(
- Tribe:
Amygdaleae
(
- Subfamily:
Toddalioideae
(
- Family:
Rutaceae
(
- Suborder:
Rutineae
(
- Order:
Rutales
(
- Superorder:
Rutanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Ptelea trifoliata L.
Notes
A tentatively accepted name
in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Name
Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Sp.
pl. 1:118. 1753
Name verified on 13-Nov-2001 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Nov-2001
Similar Species
Members of the genus Ptelea
There are approximately 117 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
P. aboriginum · P. acutifolia · P. ambigens · P. antonina · P. aptera · P. aquilina · P. arborea · P. argentea · P. attrita · P. badwinii · P. baldwinii crenulata · P. baldwinii subsp. crenulata · P. baldwinii var. crenulata · P. barbigera · P. betulifolia · P. brevistylis · P. bullata · P. carolina · P. caroliniana · P. cassioides · P. cinnamomea · P. coahuilensis · P. cognata · P. confinis · P. crenata · P. crenulata (California Hoptree) · P. cuspidata · P. cycloloma · P. elliptica · P. formosa · P. glabriformis · P. glauca · P. isophylla · P. jucunda · P. laetissima · P. lucida · P. lutescens · P. megacarpa · P. mesochora · P. mesochora var. mucronata · P. microphylla · P. miocenica · P. mollis · P. mollis var. cryptoneura · P. monophylla · P. neglecta · P. neo-mexicana · P. neomexicana · P. nitens · P. nitida · P. nucifera · P. obcordata · P. obscura · P. obtusata · P. ovalifolia · P. ovata · P. padifolia · P. pallida pallida var. pallida · P. parvifolia · P. parvula · P. peduncularis · P. pentandra · P. pentaphylla · P. persicifolia · P. pinnata · P. podocarpa · P. polyadenia · P. prominula · P. pumila · P. rhombifolia · P. saligna · P. sancta · P. scutellata · P. similis · P. simplicifolia · P. straminea · P. subintegra · P. subvestita · P. tortuosa · P. toxicodendron · P. trifoliata (Common Hop Tree) · P. trifoliata 'Fastigiata' · P. trifoliata 'Glauca' · P. trifoliata coahuilensis · P. trifoliata f. aurea · P. trifoliata f. mucronata · P. trifoliata f. pubescens · P. trifoliata var. aurea · P. trifoliata pallida var. Pallida · P. trifoliata subsp. angustifolia · P. trifoliata subsp. coahuilensis · P. trifoliata subsp. pallida · P. trifoliata subsp. polyadenia · P. trifoliata trifoliata · P. trifoliata trifoliata var. Mollis · P. trifoliata var. angustifolia · P. trifoliata var. baldwinii · P. trifoliata var. cognata · P. trifoliata var. confinis · P. trifoliata var. heterophylla
Bibliography
- Bailey, V. L. 1962. Revision of the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae). Brittonia 14:7.
- Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 1999. Shinner's and Mahler's illustrated flora of North Central Texas. (F NC Tex)
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. (CRC MedHerbs ed2)
- Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. (Glea Cron ed2)
- Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellog, E.A. & Donoghue, M.J. (2002): Plant Systematics: a phylogenetic approach, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.
- McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. (F GPlains)
- McGuffin, M. et al., eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)
- Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967–. The vascular flora of Ohio. (F Ohio)
- Radford, A. E. et al. 1964. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. (F Carolin)
- Voss, E. 1972–. Michigan flora. (F Mich)
More Info
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- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 6, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 15, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 22, 2007:
- Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de EcologÃa, A.C., México
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
- inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652378
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-524604
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13744262
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774969-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 30275
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28992
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PTTO PTSE
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 55640
