Prunus dulcis

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Rosaceae

Trees , shrubs , or herbs, deciduous or evergreen . Stems erect , scandent , arching , prostrate , or creeping , armed or unarmed . Buds usually with several exposed scales , sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound ; stipules paired , free or adnate to petiole , rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin , rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate , corymbose , racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate . Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed . Stamens usually numerous , rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate ; anthers small, didymous , rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous , superposed . Styles as many as carpels, terminal , lateral , or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged , usually exalbuminous , very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan , mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions . The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry . Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals .

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. [1]

Genus Prunus

Trees or shrubs , deciduous. Branchlets sometimes spine-tipped. Axillary winter bud solitary, ovoid ; terminal winter bud absent. Stipules membranous, soon caducous . Leaves simple , alternate, convolute [or conduplicate ] when young; petiolate or sessile; petiole apex or base of leaf blade margin with or without nectaries; leaf blade margin variously crenate or coarsely serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, solitary or to 3-flowered in a fascicle; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves. Hypanthium campanulate . Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, white, sometimes purple-veined, rarely greenish, inserted on rim of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 20-30, in 2 whorls; filaments unequal. Carpel 1; ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes villous ; ovules 2, collateral , pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, often glaucous, usually with a longitudinal groove ; mesocarp fleshy , not splitting when ripe ; endocarp laterally compressed , smooth , rarely grooved or rugose .

About 30 species: Asia, Europe, North America; seven species (two endemic, three introduced ) in China.

Many plum species are cultivated for their edible fruit and some for their flowers.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Low maintenance . Tolerates rabbits. Young plants need extra phosphorus to encourage good root development.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,540 meters (0 to 5,052 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 20-30' apart.

Soil: Tolerates a range of pH, from 4.5 to 7.5, and soil ranging from sandy loam to some clay . Soil can be normal to moist.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Amygdalus Communis Dulcis • Amygdalus communis L. • Amygdalus communis L. var. dulcis (Mill.) Borkh. Ex Dc. • Amygdalus dulcis Mill. • Druparia amygdalus Clairv. • Prunus amygdalus Batsch • Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis • Prunus communis (L.) Arcang. • Prunus communis (L.) Fritsch Var. dulcis (Mill.) Borkh. • Prunus Communis Dulcis

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Prunus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 860 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

P. africana (Red Stinkwood) · P. alleghaniensis (Allegheny Plum) · P. americana (American Plum) · P. amygdalus (Chokecherry) · P. amygdalus 'All in One' (Almond) · P. amygdalus 'Garden Prince' (Almond) · P. amygdalus 'Neplus' (Almond) · P. amygdalus 'Nonpareil' (Almond) · P. andersonii (Anderson's Peachbrush) · P. angustifolia (Chickasaw Plum) · P. angustifolia var. watsonii (Watsons Plum) · P. angustifolia 'Guthrie' (Chickasaw Plum) · P. armeniaca (Apricot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Dapple Dandy' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavorella' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavorich' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavorosa' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavor Delight' (Aprium) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavor Grenade' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavor King' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavor Queen' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Flavor Supreme' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica x domestica 'Geo Pride' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica 'Parfait' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca x domestica 'Spring Satin' (Plumcot) · P. armeniaca 'Ac Haroprime' (Apricot 'ac Haroprime') · P. armeniaca 'Autumn Glo' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Aviclo' (Apricot 'aviclo') · P. armeniaca 'Blenheim Royal' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Canadien White Blenheim' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Candide' (Apricot 'candide') · P. armeniaca 'Chinese' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Cluthafire' (Apricot 'cluthafire') · P. armeniaca 'Deatrich' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Ea3126th' (Apricot 'ea3126th') · P. armeniaca 'Ea4006' (Apricot 'ea4006') · P. armeniaca 'Earli-Autumn' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Faralia' (Apricot 'faralia') · P. armeniaca 'Farbaly' (Apricot 'farbaly') · P. armeniaca 'Farclo' (Apricot 'farclo') · P. armeniaca 'Fardao' (Apricot 'fardao') · P. armeniaca 'Farely' (Apricot 'farely') · P. armeniaca 'Farfia' (Apricot 'farfia') · P. armeniaca 'Farhial' (Apricot 'farhial') · P. armeniaca 'Flodea' (Apricot 'flodea') · P. armeniaca 'Floneca' (Apricot 'floneca') · P. armeniaca 'Flopria' (Apricot 'flopria') · P. armeniaca 'Frisson' (Apricot 'frisson') · P. armeniaca 'Fritz' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'GA 10F' (Apricot 'ga 10f') · P. armeniaca 'Goldbar' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Goldcot' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Goldrich' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Goldstrike' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harcot' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harglow' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Hargrand' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harlayne' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Haroblush' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harogem' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harojoy' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harostar' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Harval' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Helene' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Hunza' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Jerseycot' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Magic Cot' (Apricot 'magic Cot') · P. armeniaca 'Medaga' (Apricot 'medaga') · P. armeniaca 'Moorpark' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Patterson' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Priabel' (Apricot 'priabel') · P. armeniaca 'Primarel' (Apricot 'primarel') · P. armeniaca 'Primarina' (Apricot 'primarina') · P. armeniaca 'Primaris' (Apricot 'primaris') · P. armeniaca 'Primaya' (Apricot 'primaya') · P. armeniaca 'Puget Gold' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Ravilong' (Apricot 'ravilong') · P. armeniaca 'Ravival' (Apricot 'ravival') · P. armeniaca 'Shalhala' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Stark Sweetheart' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Suaprieight' (Apricot 'suaprieight') · P. armeniaca 'Suapriseven' (Apricot 'suapriseven') · P. armeniaca 'Tilton' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Tomcot' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Torraviun' (Apricot 'torraviun') · P. armeniaca 'Veecot' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Velvaglo' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Vertige' (Apricot 'vertige') · P. armeniaca 'Vivagold' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Westley' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Wilson Delicious' (Apricot) · P. armeniaca 'Wonder Cot' (Apricot 'wonder Cot') · P. avium (Mazzard Cherry) · P. avium (L.) L. 'Sam' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Almaden Duke' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Bing' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Black Tartarian' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Compacstella' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Craig's Crimson' (Sweet Cherry) · P. avium 'Early Burlat' (Sweet Cherry)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url p. 41, p. 64.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 355, p. 97, p. 98.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 229.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 538.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 8-9 1988-1989 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 103.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 11, p. 149, p. 235, p. 38, p. 386, p. 464, p. 67, p. 69, p. 9.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 335.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 271.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 41 1981 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 103, p. 298, p. 58.
• The cherries of New York, Albany, J.B. Lyon Company, state printers, 1915. url , .
• The cherries of New York, by U.P. Hedrick, assisted by G.H. Howe, O.M. Taylor, C.B. Tubergen, R. Wellington. Albany, J. B. Lyon company, state printers, 1915. url p. 28, p. 32, p. 364, p. 364, p. 476.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• IOPI Global Plant Checklist. Release date: August 1, 2007
• IOPI-GPC
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Polhill RM, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• Rhytismatales database 2006.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
• Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 29, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Bioversity International, EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea
• GBIF-Spain, BDBCV BioBlitz in Penyagolosa
• GBIF-Spain, CIBIO, Alicante:ABH-GBIF
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Jardi Botanic de Valencia: VAL
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Univ. Herbarium SALAMANCA: SALA
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Bilbao: Herbario BIO
• Herbario SANT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, SANT herbarium vascular plant collection
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Plants
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ros-25786
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• GRIN Nomen Number: 29890
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 24775
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PRAM3
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 20953

Footnotes

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Ku Tsue-chih, Bruce Bartholomew "Prunus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 401. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 275.620 meters (904.265 feet), Standard Deviation = 299.120 based on 321 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.