Potentilla norvegica

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Potentilla nivea var. villosa (Pall. ex Pursh) Regel & Tiling
2. Potentilla villosa var. parviflora C.L.Hitchc.
3. Potentilla villosula auct.

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Place of publication: Sp. pl. 1:499. 1753

Name verified on 11-May-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 11-May-2006

Physical Description

Family Rosaceae:

Trees, shrubs, or herbs, deciduous or evergreen. Stems erect, scandent, arching, prostrate, or creeping, armed or unarmed. Buds usually with several exposed scales, sometimes with only 2. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple or compound; stipules paired, free or adnate to petiole, rarely absent, persistent or deciduous; petiole usually 2-glandular apically; leaf blade often serrate at margin, rarely entire. Inflorescences various, from single flowers to umbellate, corymbose, racemose or cymose-paniculate. Flowers usually actinomorphic, bisexual, rarely unisexual and then plants dioecious. Hypanthium (formed from basal parts of sepals, petals, and stamens) free from or adnate to ovary, short or elongate. Sepals usually 5, rarely fewer or more, imbricate; epicalyx segments sometimes also present. Petals as many as sepals, inserted below margin of disk, free, imbricate, sometimes absent. Disk lining hypanthium, usually entire, rarely lobed. Stamens usually numerous, rarely few, always in a complete ring at margin of or above disk; filaments usually free, very rarely connate; anthers small, didymous, rarely elongate, 2-locular. Carpels 1 to many, free, or ± connate and then adnate to inner surface of cupular receptacle; ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or superior; ovules usually 2 in each carpel, rarely 1 or several, anatropous, superposed. Styles as many as carpels, terminal, lateral, or basal, free or sometimes connate. Fruit a follicle, pome, achene, or drupe, rarely a capsule, naked or enclosed in persistent hypanthium and sometimes also by sepals. Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged, usually exalbuminous, very rarely with thin endosperm; cotyledons mostly fleshy and convex abaxially, rarely folded or convolute.

Between 95 and 125 genera and 2825-3500 species: cosmopolitan, mostly in N temperate zone; 55 genera (two endemic) and 950 species (546 endemic) in China.

Many plants of this family are of economic importance and contribute to people s livelihoods. The Rosaceae contain a great number of fruit trees of temperate regions. The fruits contain vitamins, acids, and sugars and can be used both raw and for making preserves, jam, jelly, candy, various drinks, wine, vinegar, etc. The dried fruits of the genera

Amygdalus and Armeniaca are of high commercial value. Some plants in the genus Rosa containing essential oils or with a high vitamin content are used in industry. Rosaceae wood is used for making various articles, stems and roots are used for making tannin extract, and young leaves are used as a substitute for tea. Numerous species are used for medical purposes or are cultivated as ornamentals.

The Rosaceae are very well represented in China, with great economic and scientific importance. The Co-chairs of the Editorial Committee (Wu and Raven) here note that the patterns of relationship are complex and the group is taxonomically difficult. ^[1]

Genus Potentilla:

Herbs perennial, rarely biennial, annual, or shrubs, if perennial then with ± tufted, scaly rootstock. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate. Leaves pinnate or palmately compound; stipules ± adnate to petiole. Inflorescence often cymose or cymose-paniculate, or 1-flowered. Flowers usually bisexual. Hypanthium concave, mostly hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate; epicalyx segments 5, alternating with sepals. Petals 5, often yellow, rarely white or purple. Stamens usually ca. 20 in 3 series of 10, 5, and 5, rarely fewer or more (11-30) ; anthers 2-loculed. Carpels usually numerous, free, inserted on slightly elevated receptacle; ovule ascending or pendulous, anatropous, amphitropous, or suborthotropous; style subterminal, lateral, or basal. Achenes numerous, inserted on dry receptacle with persistent sepals. Seed testa membranous. x = 7.

About 500 species: mostly in temperate, arctic, and alpine zones of the N hemisphere, a few in the S hemisphere; 86 species (22 endemic) in China.^[2]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Yellow flowers, 1/2" to 3/4" across. Blooms June, July, August, September, October.

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Native: Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, Buryatia, California, Chita, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kemerovo, Kentucky, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Novosibirsk, Ohio, Omsk, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Rhode Island, Saskatchewan, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Tomsk, Tuva, Tyumen, Utah Mexico, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.

Habitat

Clearings, roadsides, thickets.

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial, Perennial

Similar Species

This type of cinquefoil is branched and has three leaflets instead of the five.

Members of the genus Potentilla:

There are approximately 4,030 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. anserina pacifica · P. argentea argentea · P. arguta convallaria · P. arguta typica · P. bifurca semiglabra · P. crantzii boreoasiatica · P. drummondii bruceae · P. drummondii typica · P. egedei grandis · P. egedei pacifica · P. egedei yukonensis · P. etomentosa hallii · P. fruticosa glabrata · P. gelida boreoasiatica · P. gelida boreojacutica · P. geoides regis-borisii · P. glandulosa micropetala · P. glandulosa pseudorupestris · P. glandulosa reflexa · P. gracilis typica · P. halacsyana regis-borisii · P. hookeriana hookeriana · P. huparctica gelida · P. intermedia heidenreichii · P. micropetala byssitecta · P. nivea nivea · P. nivea villosa · P. norvegica genuina · P. prostrata chamissonis · P. prostrata ciscaspica · P. pulchella gracilicaulis · P. uniflora arctica · P. uniflora vahliana · P. 'Arc-en-ciel' · P. 'Baby Bethan' · P. 'Blazeaway' · P. 'Congo' · P. 'Coronation Triumph' · P. 'Craigieburn Cochineal' · P. 'Custard and Cream' · P. 'Cyril' · P. 'Daphne' · P. 'Emilie' · P. 'Esta Ann' · P. 'Etna' · P. 'Everest' · P. 'Fireflame' · P. 'Flambeau' · P. 'Flamenco' · P. 'Gibson's Scarlet' · P. 'Gloire de Nancy' · P. 'Gold Clogs' · P. 'Gold Kugel' · P. 'Hamlet' · P. 'Helen Jane' · P. 'Herzblut' · P. 'Jack Elliot' · P. 'Light My Fire' · P. 'Mandshurica' · P. 'Maynard's' · P. 'Melton Fire' · P. 'Melton' · P. 'Monarch's Velvet' · P. 'Monsieur Rouillard' · P. 'Mont d'Or' · P. 'Olympic Mountains' · P. 'Orange Glow' · P. 'Pheasant Eye' · P. 'Pink Orleans' · P. 'Pink Panther' · P. 'Roulette' · P. 'Roxanne' · P. 'Songbird' · P. 'Southcombe White' · P. 'Strawberry Temptation' · P. 'Suke' · P. 'Sungold' · P. 'Sutton's Salmon Beauty' · P. 'Twinkling Star' · P. 'Versicolor Plena' · P. 'Volcan' · P. 'White Beauty' · P. 'White Queen' · P. 'William Rollison' · P. 'William Rollisson' (Cinquefoil) · P. 'Yellow Queen' · P. 869b · P. abbreviata · P. abnormis · P. absinthifolia · P. absinthiifolia · P. abyssinica · P. acaulis · P. acaulis acaulis · P. acaulis arenaria · P. acaulis cinerea · P. acaulis pusilla · P. acaulis subsp. arenaria · P. acaulis subsp. cinerea · P. acaulis subsp. tommasiniana

Members of the genus Pyrus:

There are approximately 1,419 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: P. boissierana crenulata · P. syriaca glabra · P. acerba · P. achras · P. achras f. ambigua · P. achras f. communis · P. achras f. depressa · P. achras f. microphylla · P. achras f. ovalis · P. achras f. platycarpa · P. achras forma ambigua · P. achras forma communis · P. achras forma depressa · P. achras forma microphylla · P. achras forma ovalis · P. achras forma platycarpa · P. acidula · P. acidula var. spontanea · P. acutiloba · P. acutiserrata · P. aequalis · P. aestivalis · P. albicans · P. alnifolia · P. alpina · P. amaena · P. ambigua · P. ambrosiaca · P. amelanchier · P. americana x arbutifolia · P. amigdaliformis · P. amoena · P. amoris · P. amphigenea · P. amurensis · P. amygdaliformis · P. amygdaliformis 'Cuneifolia' · P. amygdaliformis f. triloba · P. amygdaliformis forma triloba · P. amygdaliformis salviifolia · P. amygdaliformis var. cuneifolia · P. amygdaliformis var. eriopleura · P. amygdaliformis var. heterophylla · P. amygdaliformis var. lanceolata · P. amygdaliformis var. lobata · P. amygdaliformis var. microphylla · P. amygdaliformis var. oblongifolia · P. amygdaliformis var. persica · P. amygdaliformis var. sinaica · P. amygdaliformis var. triloba · P. amygdaliformis var. verrucosa · P. amygdaliformis Vill. var. lobata (Decne.) Koehne · P. amygdaliformis Vill. var. oblongifolia (Spach) Bean · P. amygdalinus · P. anatolica · P. angeli · P. anglica · P. angulata · P. angustifolia · P. angustifolia var. angustifolia · P. apetala · P. apiosa · P. apyrena · P. aquosa · P. arachnoidea · P. arakiana · P. arbutifolia f. pubescens · P. arbutifolia var. arbutifolia · P. arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa · P. arbutifolia var. macrophylla · P. arbutifolia var. melanocarpa · P. arbutifolia var. oblongifolia · P. arctica · P. ardenponti · P. arenbergia · P. arenbergii · P. arguta · P. aria · P. arioides · P. armeniacaefolia · P. armeniacifolia · P. armeniacus · P. armud · P. arnud · P. arranensis · P. arsenii · P. asakeensis · P. asiae · P. asiae mediae · P. asiae-mediae · P. asiaemediae · P. astracanica · P. atrosanguinea · P. aucuparia · P. aucuparia x aucuparia x aria subvar. decurrens · P. aucuparia x aucuparia x aria subvar. saturejifolia · P. aucuparioides · P. augusti · P. augustifolia · P. augustii

Bibliography

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Notes

Contributors:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 29, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 36 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 30, 2008)

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 29, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Colorado Museum, Zoological specimens
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 24730
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 616914
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:728599-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PONOM
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 57938

Footnotes:

1. Cuizhi Gu, Chaoluan Li, Lingdi Lu, Shunyuan Jiang, Crinan Alexander, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, David E. Boufford, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba, Kenneth R. Robertson & Steven A. Spongberg "Rosaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 46. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Potentilla". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 291. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.